BACKGROUND:There are usualy removable appliances and fixed appliances in the mouth of orthodontic patients, resulting in periodontitis. Because of its high security, good heat resistance, long action time, not easy to produce resistance and wide antimicrobial spectrum, inorganic antibacterial agents have become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE:To review the application and research progress of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for articles about applications of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials in orthodontic treatment published from January 2001 to December 2014 using the keywords of “orthodontic, antibacterial agent” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Inorganic nano-antibacterial materials for oral bacteria have good antibacterial properties, and are a kind of ideal biological material. Bracket enamel adhesive, removable appliance resin material and bracket can play correct and antibacterial roles by modification of inorganic nano-antibacterial materials, so as to reduce complications such as dental caries. However, the application of nano-antibacterial materials is stil in its infancy, the modified materials need to be studied further in terms of color problems, physical and chemical properties and biological security.

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Rhinitis

To adapt to the new medical enviroment and aiming at the problems existing in clinical teaching,the author explores the value and feasibility of new cultivation mode and its concrete methods to make clininal educatinon play more inportont role in medical education and medical elite cultivation

Objective:To assess the effects of intranasal cortisteroids application on IL-5 expression in nasal polyps.Methods:Nasal polyps from topical nasal steroid treated patients (n=16) and untreated patients (n=16) were investigated.The specimens were stained by ABC immunohistochemical approach.Results:Most of the IL-5 positive cells were eosinophils,and there was a significant correlation of the mean IL-5 positive cell numbers with total (chromotrope 2R-positive) eosinophil numbers (y=14.782+2.002x,r=0.648,P＜0.01).Compared with untreated polyps,the steroid-treated polyps contained a slightly lower tissue density of IL-5 positive cells,and the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions:Eosinophils are one of the origins of IL-5 synthesis.The treatment used here was insufficient to affect IL-5 expression in nasal polyps.

Objective To analysis the plague monitoring results on plague of rats in Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci of Xilin Gol Plateau in Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2013,to master the dynamics of the plague epidemic,and to provide a basis for developing countermeasures.Methods Plague monitoring data from 2001 to 2013 in Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci were collected,main host density,rate of dye fleas,flea body index,bacteriology,serology and epidemic situation were studied.Results Within 13 years,10 153 Lasiopodomys brandti were captured overlapping a monitored area of 2 919.25 hm2,the average rat density was 3.48/hm2;other small rodents were captured 43 632 times,and 1 631 mice were captured,capture rate was 3.74％.Totally 22 752 host animals were checked by etiology,104 animals were infected with epidemic diseases,79 fleas of 31 groups positive fleas were checked from cultured 27 702 fleas of 6 437 groups.Totally 2 237 serum samples of Lasiopodomys brandti were checked using indirect hemagglutination (IHA),2 copies were found positive,the positive rate was 0.09％.Conclusion In Lasiopodomys brandti plague natural foci of Inner Mongolia,the plague bacteria infected host animals are still existed,future outbreak is possible;the monitoring and health education should be strengthened,in order to prevent the plague spreading to human being.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoluminal treatment for Budd Chiari syndrome (BCS) .Methods In 36 patients with BCS were treated by inferior vena cava(IVC) dilation and endoluminal stent placement guaded by ultrasonography, including self expanding mental Giaturco stent placement in 33 patients and pure dilation in 3 patients. Portosystemic shunts(PSSs) were followed in 13 patients with hepatic venous occlusion a week after the endoluminal treatment, including splenorenal(S R) shunts in 5 cases,and mesocaval (M C) shunts in 8 cases. Results After endoluminal procedures ,slight heart dysfunction appeared in 3 cases . After shunting ,acute pancreatitis occurred in 1 case, and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurred and finally resulted in death in another case on the 10th day after PSS.All the 36 patients were followed up for 1 month to 8 years. Restenosis of the distal part of stent was found in 1 case 2 years after the operation,hepatic vein occlusion occurred in 1 case 1 year after the treament, hepatoma occurred in 1case 3 years after the treatment,and 1 patient died of C type hepatitis a year later; and 2 cases with infertility had babies 1 year later. All patients had no stent migration or occlusion of shunts .Conclusions Endoluminal therapy guarding by ultrsonography is a convenient, safe and effective method for Budd Chiari syndrome. For patients with hepatic venous occlusions, a portosystemic shunt is recommended.The above mentioned methods provide a feasible and effective means for some kinds of Budd Chiari syndrome.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasible and effective means for the lower extremity deep ve nous thrombosis(DVT).Methods The clincal data of 211cases of l ower extremity DVT treated in recent 9 years were analysed retrospectively .Antegrade infusion of high -dose urokinase was performed via the dorsalis pedi s vein of the involved lower limb in 179 patients.Of the 179 patients vena cava filters(VCF) was placed in 29 patients,including Tempofilter II VCF in 5pa tients, VenaTech TM LP VCF in 24patients.Other 32 cases underwent embol ectomy after IVC filter placement(Tempofilter II was placed in 6patients, VenaT echTM LP was placed in 26patients). Results 146 patients were followed up for 3-108 months with averge 54months .A total of 61 IVC filters w ere successfully expanded ,but 1 Tempofilter II VCF was migrated to proximal end of IVC.Tempofilter II VCF was taked out 2-4 week after the IVC filt er placement . VenaTechTM LP occlusion in one case 14 months after the IVC fil ter placement.In thrombolytic group,87were cured,86 improved,6 ineffective. In operative group, 28were cured,3 improved,1 ineffective . The cured rate in op erative group was better than that in thrombolytic group(P

BACKGROUND:In previous experiments, TiO2-xNy OBJECTIVE:To study the friction properties of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO-coated bracket has been confirmed to have excelent antibacterial properties and biological safety performance. 2-xNy METHODS: TiO film. 2-xNy film was prepared by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering on MBT bracket (0.022″). The TiO 2-x N y RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TiO-coated brackets were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy observations. The coefficient of static friction and coefficient of kinetic friction between the wires (0.012″, 0.014″, 0.016″) and orthodontic brackets were calculated. 2-xNy film on the bracket was of anatase structure, which was compact and had good crystalinity. Under dry condition, the coefficient of static friction and kinetic friction of the brackets coated with TiO2-xNy were less than those of ordinary brackets; under wet condition, the coefficients of static friction and kinetic friction of the brackets coated with TiO2-xNy were less than those of ordinary brackets, but the difference was not statisticaly significant. Nano-TiO2-xNy film can reduce the friction between bracket and archwire, which wil offer a novel opportunity to significantly reduce the friction during tooth movement.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of colorectal cancer in community people in Shanghai,and clarify the necessity of colorectal cancer screening in community residents.Methods From April 2013 to September 2014,colonoscopy examination was carried out in people who participated in colorectal cancer screening in Shanghai with positive result of fecal occult blood test or with high-risk in colorectal cancer evaluated with the risk factors questionnaire.A total of 1 990 individuals were recruited.The colonoscopic results of them were retrospectively analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results The 1 990 individuals received colonoscopy examination aged from 50 to 92.Among the 1 990 individuals with colonoscopy examination,colorectal polyps,colorectal cancer and carcinoid were found in 1 027 cases,and the total detection rate was 51.6％.The detection rate of colorectal polyps was 48.7％ (969/1 990),and the maximum diameter of polyps was 3.5 cm.The detection rate of colorectal polyps of the male was 59.3％ (532/897),which was higher than that of the female (40.0％,437/1 093),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =73.7,P＜0.01).The detection rate of colorectal polyps in group 50 to 60 (not include 60) years old,60 to 70 (not include 70) years old,70 to 80 (not include 80) years old and ≥80 years old was 37.5％ (139/371),48.7％ (524/1 075),55.9％ (248/444) and 58.0％ (58/100),respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =31.3,P＜0.01).The detection rate of colorectal cancer was 2.7 ％ (54/1 990).The detection rate of male rectal cancer was 3.8％ (34/897),which was significantly higher than that of female (1.8％,20/1 093),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =7.2,P＜0.05).The detection rate of colorectal cancer in group 50 to 60 (not include 60) years old,60 to 70 (not include 70) years old,70 to 80 (not include 80) years old and ≥80 years old was 1.6％ (6/371),1.9％ (20/1 075),4.3％ (19/444) and 9.0％ (9/100),respectively.The difference was statistically significant (x2 =23.7,P＜0.01).The detection rate of rectal carcinoid was 0.2 ％ (4/1 990).Conclusions The prevalence of colorectal polyps and cancer is high in screening community people with high-risk of colorectal cancer.Colorectal cancer screening in community people ≥ 50 years old with sequential screening method is important.

Objective　To obtain genetic characterization of the HA1 of new isolates of influenza A （H1N1） virus. Methods　Virus was amplified in embryonated chicken eggs， the virion DNA was transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcriptase， cDNA amplified by PCR， the products of PCR were purified. Afterward， DNA sequence analysis was performed by the dideoxy-mediated chain termination method， using synthetic oligo nucleotide primers. Results　The HA1 domain of new isolates of influenza A （H1N1） virus showed that their HA1 genes were 981 nucleotide in length coding for a HA1 protein with 327 amino acids， deletion of a glycosylation site and an amino acid. The homology of amino acid sequences of protein molecules on HA1 domains of new influenza A virus when compared with A／Guifang／10／94（H1N1） and A／Bayern ／07／95 （H1N1） viruses，was 92.8％ and 91.3％ respectively； The homology of amino acid sequences of protein molecules on HA1 domains of A／Jingjun／11／98（H1N1） when compared with A／Jingjun／13／98（H1N1） or A／Jingjun／807／97（H1N1） viruses，was as high as 98％； The homology of amino acid sequences of protein molecules on HA1 domains of A／Guifang／10／94（H1N1） when compared with A／Bayern／07／95（H1N1） viruses was as high as 96％. Conclusions　The HA1 gene of　new H1N1 virus strains is　different from those of A／Guifang／10／94 （H1N1） and A／Bayern／07／95（H1N1）， they will probably be new mutation strains.