Objective To assess the efficiency of algae extermination by the combined copper electrolysis technology. Methods The combined copper electrolysis technology and copper sulphate were used to treat the Synechocystissp strain PCC6803 in the steady stage of culture in different time and the efficiency of algae extermination was assessed. Results No alga in the water sample was detected after 0.5 and 1 hour of treatment with copper electrolysis technology and copper sulphate respectivly as the concentration of Cu2+ was at 0.3 mg/L. The extermination rate of algae was 80.75% after 12 days of treatment of combined copper electrolysis. This technology could effectively decrease the turbidity, smell, COD, ammonia nitrogen and increase the dissolved oxygen in the treated water. Conclusion The Cu2+ released by copper electrolyzing has a stronger efficiency of algae extermination compared with copper sulfate. The combined copper electrolysis technology will be a satisfactory method for algae extermination in the landscape water.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the content of ethambutol hydrochloride in ethambutol hydrochloride-pyrazinamide-rifampicin-isoniazid tabletsⅡ.METHODS:The sample was separated on Alltima CN column.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-triethylamine(50:50)water solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min~(-1).The diluent agent was Na_2HPO_4 solution.The detective wavelength was set at 200 nm;the column temperature was maintained at room temperature and the sample size was 20?L.RESULTS:The linear range of ethambutol hydrochloride was 100.2～601.2?g?mL~(-1)(r=0.999 98)and its average recovery was 99.8%(RSD=0.374%).CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the content determination of ethambutol hydrochloride in this tablet.

Objective To assess the effects of Guanxinshutong capsule(GXST)on protection of left ventricular(LV)function after acute myocardial infarction(AMI)in rats.Methods Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to Model group,Drug group and Sham-operated group,with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)achieved by ligating coronary artery in Model and Drug groups.From one week before surgery to four weeks after surgery,GXST for Drug group(1.5 g/kg,2 times/day)or saline for Model and Sham-operated groups was administered via direct gastric gavage.After four weeks of treatment following surgery,measurement of LV function,pathohistological observation and analysis were performed.Results Compared with rats in the Model group,LV systolic pressure(LVSP)[(97.7 ± 9.0)mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa)vs(85.9 ±9.4)mm Hg],the maximum rising rate of LV pressure(+ dp/dtmax)[(4810.2 ± 595.0)mm Hg/s vs(3786.2 ± 723.0)mm Hg/s]and the maximum dropping rate of LV pressure(-dp/dtmax)[(3781.6 ±573.6)mm Hg/s vs(2774.4 ±633.5)mm Hg/s]in the Drug group were significantly increased,while LV end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP)[(10.3 ± 0.7)mm Hg vs(12.7 ±2.4)mm Hg]in the Drug group was significantly decreased(all P ＜ 0.05).Myocardial pathohistological morphology was improved in the Drug group with fibrosis alleviated[(5.13 ± 1.37)％ vs(7.27 ±1.01)％]and infarct size reduced[(20.14 ± 8.49)％ vs(31.90 ± 4.98)％].Apoptosis index(AI)was decreased[(14.05 ± 4.04)％ vs(20.87 ± 6.03)％]and vessel density was significantly increased by 1.48-fold in the Drug group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions GXST is effective in protecting LV function after AMI in rats,which may be affect through increasing vessel density of infarction area,improving myocardial pathohistological morphology,alleviating fibrosis,reducing infarct size and decreasing AI.

Background The protective effects against reperfusion injury of cardioprotective drugs have recently been evaluated and found to be inadequate. Guanxinshutong (GXST), a combination of the traditional herb and Mongolian medicine, is effective and safe in treating angina pectoris in clinical trials. We assess the cardioprotective effects of GXST against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) injury in rats and explore its possible mechanism. Methods Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: non-MI/R group (Sham, n = 15), MI/R group treated with vehicle (Control, n = 15) and MI/R group treated with GXST (Drug, n = 15). MI/R was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 30 minutes, followed by 2/24 hour reperfusion in the Control and Drug groups. In the Sham group, the LAD was exposed without occlusion. GXST powder (in the Drug group) or saline (in the Control and Sham groups) were administered via direct gastric gavage from 7 day prior to surgery. Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery (10 rats each group) after 2 hours of reperfusion, to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The animals were then sacrificed and the hearts were harvested for histopathology and western blot analysis. Infarct size was measured in the remaining five rats in each group after 24 hours reperfusion. Results GXST significantly decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, apoptosis index (AI) and infarct size. GXST also obviously inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity when compared with the Control group (all P < 0.05). Conclusions GXST is effective in protecting the myocardium against MI/R injury in rats. Its possible cardioprotective mechanism involves inhibition of the inflammatory response and apoptosis following MI/R injury.

Objective To assess patterns of the gray and white matter atrophy in patients with multiple system atrophy-P(MSA-P)variant of whole brain compared with normal controls.Methods Three dimensional fast spoiled gradient echo(3D-FSPGR)T1WI of whole brain were obtained from 13 patients with probable MSA-P and 14 age-matched normal controls.The volume of gray matter(GM)and white matter (WM)of MSA-P patients and normal controls was analyzed with voxel-based morphometry(VBM) using statistical parametric mapping(SPM)8.Results Compared with the controls,the MSA-P patients showed decreased gray matter and white matter in bread areas. Gray matter loss mainly symmetrically distributed in bilateral supplementary motor area(SMA),dorsal posterior cingulate cortex(DPCC),medial frontal gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,cerebellum cortex,etc.Unilateral involvement of cortices mainly located in right primary motor cortex.somatosensory association cortex(SAC),and left ventral anterior cingulate cortex (VACC).There Was white matter loss in bilateral superior frontal gyrus,bilateral precuneus,bilateral subgyrus of frontal lobe,left superior temporal gyrus,left cingulate gyrus,right orbitofrontal area,right subgyrus of temporal lobe,etc.Conclusion VBM method is an automatic and comprehensive volumetry method and Can objectively detect the difference of the whole brain structure in patients with probable MSA-P comparing with normal controls.

Objective To investigate the infection of HPV subtypes in male urethra in Xi'an area.Methods The eighteen subtypes of HPV DNA were detected in 478 cases of male patients by PCR-reverse dot hybridization assay (RDB) including low risk subtypes (HPV6,11,43) and high risk subtypes (HPV16,18,31,33) during 2015～2016.Results The total infection rate of HPV subtypes in 478 subjects was 44.97％ (215/478).The percents of subjects infected by one subtype,two ones,three ones,four ones and five ones were 32.85％ (157/478),8.79％ (42/478),2.09％ (10/478),0.42％ (2/478) and 0.84％ (4/478),respectively.The detection rates of low risk subtypes and high risk ones were 40.17％ and 22.38％ in which the most common subtypes were HPV6 (24.69％),HPV11 (12.13％),HPV16 (5.65％),HPV43 (3.35％) and HPV52 (2.30％) and those of others were from 0％ to 2.09％.The infection pattern of HPV subtypes gave priority to one subtype infection in all age groups.There was statistically different between H PVs (6,11,16,43,52,66) in twenty years or older subjects (x2 =12.879～109.7,P=0.000～0.025).Conclusion The majority of HPV subtypes detected in male urethra were HPV6,HPV11,HPV16,HPV43 and HPV52 in Xi'an area which provided epidemiological data for HPV infection in males.

The effects of glutamate transporters on synaptic plasticity in rat models of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus were investigated. Male Wista rats ((304.06?13.79) g) were randomly divided into 5 groups, short-term seizures (SE) and its control (SC), long-term seizures (LE) and its control(LC), normal control (Sham) groups. Epilepsy rat models were induced by injection of pilocarpine(25 mg/kg, i.d.). Glutamate transporter inhibitor, DL-threo-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA, 7.5 nmol,1 ?l) was microinjected into right side of hippocampus after 14 days of initial status epilepticus in SE and LE groups. The same volumes of artificial cerebrospinal fluid were injected into same side of hippocampus in SC and LC groups. Electroencephalographys (EEG) were detected in SE and SC groups after 2 h of drug injection. Long term potential (LTP) at perforant pathway and dentate gyrus(PP-DG) and EEG were recorded in LE and LC groups after two weeks of drug injection. Example of Fluoro-Jade-B staining in the rat brain was made at the end of electrophysiological experiment. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in theta band power of EEG in SE group compared with that of SC group (P 0.05). The slope of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) was significantly increased in LE group compared with that of LC group (P

A growing number of children and adolescents are being diagnosed as Chiari malformation type Ⅰ (CM-Ⅰ) for behavioral disorders,developmental delay,seizures,or abnormal orpharyngeal function.The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics,imaging findings and surgical outcomes of CM-Ⅰ in pediatric and adult patients.Between January 2014 and June 2017,84 patients with CM-Ⅰ underwent surgical treatment in our department.We divided the patients into two groups:pediatric group (n=1 1,age ＜18 years)and adult group (n=73,age ≥18 years).Data on clinical characteristics,imaging findings,surgical outcomes,and prognosis were retrospectively reviewed and compared between these two groups.For clinical presentation,scoliosis (36.4％) and developmental delay (36.4％) were more common in pediatric patients,whereas,sensory disturbance (58.9％) and motor weakness (41.1％) were more common in adult patients.Imaging findings showed that the incidence of hydrocephalus and craniovertebral junctional abnormalities was significantly higher in pediatric group than in adult group (P＜0.05).Compared to adult group,pediatric group showed a better improvement or resolution of syrinx and tonsillar herniation after surgical treatments (P＜0.05).The total Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS) score in pediatric patients at the last follow-up was significantly higher than that in adult patients (P=0.002).In conclusion,the clinical characteristics and imaging findings appeared to be different in pediatric and adult patients with CM-Ⅰ.The surgical outcomes of pediatric patients were shown to be significantly better than those of adult patients.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Animals ; China ; Elapidae ; Humans ; Male ; Snake Bites ; Snake Venoms ; poisoning ; Young Adult