No abstract available.
Carotid Artery, Internal

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) for internal fixation of femur trochanteric fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We operated on 36 femur trochanteric fracture patients with performing PFNA from September, 2006 to November, 2008 and we analyzed the operation time, the blood loss, the union time, the tip apex distance (TAD), the Cleveland index, the sliding distance of the blade and the complications. We also evaluated the clinical results according to the recovery of ambulatory function and the functional recovery score. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 54 minutes and the mean amount of blood loss amount was 119cc. Thirty two cases progressed to union within 4 months and 4 cases also progressed to union within 6 months without a further operation. The mean TAD was 16mm and the mean sliding distance was 3.8 mm. Clinically, the mean loss of ambulation ability was 1.2 grades and the Jensen functional recovery score was 1.8. There was one case of back out of the blade, but there was no skin problem. There were no significant complications. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study indicate that PFNA is a useful and reliable choice for the treatment of trochanteric fracture of the femur.
Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Humans ; Nails ; Skin ; Walking

OBJECTIVES: For the past half century, lithium has been used for the acute and prophylactic treatment of bipolar disorder and recurrent depression. Recently, new pharmacological effects of Li+ have appeared, showing that Li+ can influence neuronal injury. We tested the effects of Li+ on free radical induced neuronal injury in primary murine cortical cell cultures. METHODS: Cortical cells were prepared from fetal mice (embryonic day 15) and exposed to 30 micrometer Fe2+ alone or with 5 mM Li+ or 5 mM Li+ alone for 24 hrs at Days in vitro (DIV) 14. Neuronal death was analyzed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release into media. The fluorescence of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCF) was measured in as a mean of estimating the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS: Li+ alone does not produce neuronal injury itself but it potentiates Fe2+-induced neuronal injury through increasing the production of free radical. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the effects of Li+ on neuronal survivorship may be injury type dependent and Li+ potentiate the free radical injury. Therefore in practice clinician should be cautious in using the lithium in the treatment of brain injured patients.
Animals ; Bipolar Disorder ; Brain ; Cell Culture Techniques* ; Depression ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lithium* ; Mice* ; Necrosis ; Neurons ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Since the bioavailability of itraconazole capsule is influenced by patients gastric acidity, it results in treatment failure due to its low dissolution and subsequent low absorption when administered in fasting. Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet has been lately developed in order to improve its dissolution profile. It is the first clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet in Korea. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole melt-extrusion tablet 400mg daily for 1 week(pulse therapy) for hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and manus. METHODS: A clinical and mycological investigation was made of 812 outpatients with hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus who had visited at 52 general hospitals under the lead of the Korean Dermatological Association from June to December, 1998. Patients confirmed by clinically and microscopically as hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus were administered 2 tablets twice a day for one week and followed up for 8 weeks from the start of the medication. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows; 1. Clinical symptoms of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea mauns were significantly improved at the end of study, week 8(p<0.001). 2. Clinical response rate, defined as more than 50% decrease of the sum of the clinical symptom scores, was 79.3%(512/646). 3. Mycological cure rate, dafined as both culture and KOH negative at week 8, was 78.2%(244 /312). 4. 40(5.5%) patients, of the 727 patients evaluable for drug safety evaluation, were reported to have adverse event. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet 400mg/day for 1 week (pulse therapy) is effective and safe in the treatment of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus.
Absorption ; Biological Availability ; Fasting ; Gastric Acid ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Tablets ; Tinea Pedis* ; Tinea* ; Treatment Failure