Library reference work is entering into a digital development period, the methods, means and contents are changing. With the constant maturity of knowledge discovery database, it can be applied to library reference work. Improving the level of digital literature processing and speeding up study on knowledge discovery tool software is the prerequisite to apply knowledge discovery database to library reference work.

Seven trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, Cr, Se, Cd) and Mg contents in hair and serum of 210 healthy school children in wuhan were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry except that Se content was determined by cathodic stripping voltammetry. Hair Cu content of males was Lower than that of females significantly. There were significant positive correlation between hair Zn or Mn content and age, and negative correlation between hair Cd content and age, respectively. These demonstrated that the requirements for tract elements were different with age. By comparing the school-aged group with the preschool-aged group and the adolescent group, the hair Zn content was related positively, and Cr and Se negatively, to age. The results by step-wise regression analyses showed that trace elements in hair and serum interacted each other, of which hair Zn content correlated posititvely to serum Zn content. There were correlations among height and hair Mn, Fe, and Zn contents, and between weight and serum Cu content. The results suggested that these elements could influence the developments of height and weight in some degree.

Physical factor therapy is commonly used in the treatment of nervous system damage. Recent years, physical factor therapy gets popular attention because of its good therapeutic effects, low cost, simple operation and widely application. This article respectively in-troduced the effects of electrical stimulation therapy, functional magnetic stimulation therapy and biofeedback therapy on neurogenic blad-der.

Objective To study the risk factors of recurrence after debridement bone graft fusion in elderly patients with spi‐nal tuberculosis(TB) .Methods The data of 415 elderly patients with spinal tuberculosis in our hospital from January 2003 to De‐cember 2013 were retrospectively analyzed .Among them ,46 cases (observation group) recurred and 369 cases(control group) had no postoperative recurrence .The preoperative anti‐TB treatment duration ,surgical removal degree of lesions ,postoperative stand‐ardized therapy ,extra‐skeletal TB ,drug resistance ,postoperative braking duration ,complicating systemic disease ,anemia or malnu‐trition ,etc .were statistically analyzed .Results Preoperative anti‐TB treatment duration ,surgical removal degree of lesions ,postop‐erative standardized therapy ,extra‐skeletal TB ,drug resistance ,postoperative braking duration ,complicating systemic disease ,ane‐mia or malnutrition were the major risk factors for postoperative recurrence of senile spinal TB ;preoperative anti‐TB treatment du‐ration ,surgical removal degree of lesions ,postoperative standardized therapy ,extra‐skeletal TB ,drug resistance ,postoperative bra‐king duration ,complicating systemic disease and anemia or malnutrition were closely related with postoperative recurrence of senile spinal TB ,which were their independent risk factors .Conclusion The recurrence of senile spinal tuberculosis and bone graft fusion and is closely related to various factors .

Vascular cognitive impairment is the most common type of cognitive dysfunction. Imaging of nervous system presents important references for the research of cognitive impairment and helps to identify different types of dementia, detect symptoms of dementia early or timely, and make a follow-up study on patient's condition progress so as to assess brain function in patients before and after treatment. Therefore, imaging of nervous system will make ever greater contributions to the study of vascular cognitive impairment.

Background C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse is considered to be an idea model for the study of the pathogenesis of Sj(o)gren syndrome,but the cause of dry eye in these mice is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the histopathological change of the ocular surfaces of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice,and to determine whether dry eye is developed spontaneously in these mice.Methods Forty-five clean C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1 Aec2 mice were used as the experiment group and forty-five C57BL/6J mice(both male and female)were used as the control group in this study.Detection of fasting blood-glucose,Schirmer' s test Ⅰ (S Ⅰ t),lissamine green staining and scoring of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium in the mice were performed at the age of 4,8,12,16 and 20weeks.Five mice from each group were sacrificed and their corneas were obtained to measure the central corneal epithelium thickness and to count the number of conjunctival goblet cells.In addition,lymphocyte infiltration in the lacrimal gland of the mice was examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining.The uhrastructure of the corneal epithelial cells and microvilli were assessed by scanning electron microscopy.The use and care of the mice were approved by the Experimental Animal Care Committee of the Third Military Medical University.Results No sign of dry eye was seen in both the 4-week-old C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice and 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice.The S Ⅰ t values in 8-week-old,12-week-old,16-week-old and 20 week-old mice from the experiment group were (2.7 ±0.9) mm,(2.5 ±0.8) mm,(1.8±0.6) mm and (1.9± 0.1) mm,respectively,showing a significant reduction in comparison with those of the control mice of the same age(all P＜0.01).The amount of lissamine green staining in the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice gradually increased with age,showing elevated scores in 12-week-old,16-week-old and 20-week-old mice in the experiment group(all P＜0.01).The central corneal epithelium thicknesses were(20.18±3.75)μm,(17.01 ±5.25) μm,(14.19±5.72) μm and(12.00±3.25) μm in the 8-week-old,12-week-old,16-week-old and 20-week-old C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the C57BL/6Jmice of the same age (all P＜0.01).The numbers of conjunctival goblet cells were (8.2±2.4),(6.2±2.1),(6.1 ±2.2) and (4.1 ± 2.0) in the 8-week-old,12-week-old,16-week-old and 20-week-old C57 BL/6.NOD-Aec 1Aec2 mice,respectively,showing a gradual decrease with age and a significant decline in comparison with those of the C57BL/6Jmice of the same age(all P＜0.01).Lymphocyte infiltration in the lacrimal gland and destruction of gland ducts were seen by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and acinar abnormality aggravated with aging.Reduction of corneal epithelial cells and the number of microvilli were distinguished with aging under the scanning electron microscope.The fasting bloodglucose levels of the two groups were both less than 6.0 mmol/L,and no significant difference was found between them at any age(P=0.637,0.610,0.163,0.086,0.938).Conclusions C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice develop dry eye spontaneously with aging.The course of disease and characteristics of dry eye in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2mice is similar to human dry eye.The C57BL/6NOD-Aec1 Aec2 mouse is the perfect model to study the pathogenesis of dry eye.

BACKGROUND:To evaluate the psychological characteristics of the patients waiting for renal transplantation in order to analyze coping style, thus perform the corresponding personalized clinical psychological intervention which is conductive for patients to face reality and disease. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the psychological characteristics of the patients waiting for renal transplantation and to analyze the effect of different social factors on the coping style of patients and to explore the corresponding clinical mental intervention method METHODS:Fifty-eight patients waiting for renal transplantation and 60 patients without renal transplantation were randomly selected from Second Department of Urology, Organ transplantation Center, the 309th Hospital of PLA between February 2009 and August 2010, the patients were required to fil in a psychological questionnaire form using the currently general used medical response. The effect of social factors on the coping style and psychological stress status was analyzed with multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:From the questionnaire survey, the evasive and yielding value scores of the patients waiting for renal transplantation were significantly higher than those of the patients without renal transplantation (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference of confrontation score between the patients (P>0.05). It indicated that the psychological pressure of the patients waiting for renal transplantation was bigger that of the patients with out renal transplantation, which may related with course of the disease, cost and the rejection after transplantation for the patients has to endured. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, education, income, payment methods and age of the patients were al related with the confrontation, evasive and yielding scores, as those with technical secondary school education or better got the best confrontation score while those with annual income less than 60 000 yuan got the highest score in evasive and yielding styles. The results show that income and education level of patients are the main factors that affect the coping style and psychological stress status of the patients waiting for renal transplantation, treating the patients with reasonable renal clinical care interventions can help the patients face to the disease positively and can reduce the damage of transplantation to the psychology of the patients.

Objective To summarize the appearances of MS lesions on DWI, and to quantitatively study the ADC and AI values in different clinical MS subgroups Methods One hundred and eighty seven lesions were studied in 18 cases of MS at different clinical stages Routine MR and DWI were performed in all cases ADC and AI were calculated in the lesions,NAWM, and normal control group Results Hyperintensity (edema like on T 2WI) was demonstrated on DWI at acute primary progressive MS lesions Hyperintense ring sign was found at acute relapse MS lesions ADC increased in all subgroups of MS Significant difference of ADC was demonstrated among MS lesions, NAWM, and normal control groups Significant decrease of AI was demonstrated at later stages Hyperintensity was found in all MS lesions on T 2WI The hyperintensity lesions on DWI had enhanced or non enhanced appearances on CE T 1WI The ADC value of enhanced MS lesions was less than that of the non enhanced lesions ( t =4 19, P 0 05) Conclusion DWI could give quantitative information for different pathological changes in MS lesions of different clinical subgroups Quantitative measurement of diffusion has great potential value in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and the prediction of prognosis in MS

Objective To summarized the diseases which were demonstrated as hyperintensity lesions on high diffusion sensitive gradien(high b value) diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) To investigate the differential diagnosis of the diseases and to discuss the corresponding biophysics mechanism Methods 90 cases were studied, which were clinically highly suspected of brain ischemic stroke onset and in which hyperintensity lesions were demonstrated on DWI The patients were divided to 2 groups according to the time between the onset and the MR examination:group A(1 5-6 0 h)with 13cases, group B(7 h to 8 d)with 77cases The appearances of the lesions on conventional MRI, ADC values and anistropy(CV )of the lesions were studied Results hyperintensity lesions on high b value DWI were demonstrated in following diseases: acute ischmia, hematoma, abcesses, mengioma, mutiple sclerosis(MS) The ADC value was decreased to(5 87?1 02)(10 -4 mm 2/s in superacute cerebral ischemia, while the ADC value increased to (8 08?1 15)?10 -4 mm 2/s in active MS The CV in cerebral ischemia lesions was higher than the control group( P

0.05),however,there was a close correlation with area densities of stroma ( r =-0.33, P