PURPOSE: To report the relationship between the extent of rupture of the trabecular meshwork and intraocular pressure changes in traumatic hyphema patients. METHODS: Ninety-five trabecular meshwork rupture patients were selected from a group of traumatic hyphema patients. Identification and measurement of the rupture of the trabecular meshwork were performed by gonioscopy, and intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry until 3 months after the trauma. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences of IOP between the traumatic eyes and the contralateral eyes at day 2, 3, 5, and 1 month (p=0.000, 0.018, 0.001, 0.040, respectively). IOP was highest at the 2nd day post-trauma, and dropped by the 5th day, after which it rose slightly. The relationship between the extent of trabecular meshwork rupture and the difference of IOP was positive at the 2nd day post-trauma (r=0.259) and negative at the 6th day post-trauma (r=-0.296); these differences are statistically significant (p=0.020, p=0.041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A rupture of the trabecular meshwork can be measured using gonioscopy, and the change of IOP in a trabecular meshwork rupture increases as the extent of the rupture of the trabecular meshwork increases.
Eye ; Gonioscopy ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Manometry ; Rupture ; Trabecular Meshwork

No abstract available.
Animals ; Burns* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to measure the range of normal eye movement and to evaluate the effect of age on the range of ocular movement in a normal population. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of 85 subjects aged between 5 and 91 years. Photographs were taken of the cardinal position, and these images were analyzed using an image analysis software (Adobe Photoshop 6.0, Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA). To measure the range of eye movement, the preprocessed images were analyzed using the Image J program. The range of movement of the eyeball was quantitatively measured using corneal limbal analysis. Specifically, the ranges of ocular movement according to adduction, abduction, elevation, and depression were measured. RESULTS: The normal movement ranges were 44.4 ± 6.9° in adduction, 44.8 ± 5.5° in abduction, 27.7 ± 7.6° in elevation, and 46.7 ± 8.4° in depression. Adduction, abduction, and elevation were negatively correlated with age (R² = 0.220, R² = 0.126, and R² = 0.304, respectively, all p < 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between age and depression (R² = 0.030, p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS: For all ages, the range of normal ocular movement in the horizontal direction was symmetric, while the range of ocular movement in elevation was smaller than that of depression. As age increased, the range of ocular movement decreased in all directions except depression, but depression did not decrease with age. When assessing eye movement, it is necessary to consider the range of ocular movements relative to both the movement direction and changes in the ocular movement range according to age.
Aging ; Depression ; Eye Movements* ; Observational Study ; Prospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of short duration photodynamic therapy (PDT) using verteporfin in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS: We retrospectively examined 15 eyes after PDT for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. PDT for 83 seconds was evaluated for 8 eyes, and PDT for 60 seconds was evaluated for 7 eyes. Improvement in vision and changes in central macular thickness were evaluated with an optical coherence tomogram (OCT), and improvement in leaking was evaluated with a fluorescein angiogram (FA). Recurrence was also studied. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved from 0.39 to 0.57 (p=0.04), and the mean central macular thickness decreased from 426.29 micrometer to 184.71 micrometer (p<0.01) in 7 eyes treated with PDT for 60 seconds. There was no significant change in visual acuity between the two groups (p=0.77) or in central macular thickness (p=0.52). Central macular exudation resolved completely in all eyes. After PDT, there was no recurrence during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Short duration PDT with verteporfin appears to be a beneficial treatment option for patients with chronic CSC.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ; Eye ; Fluorescein ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Photochemotherapy ; Porphyrins ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Triazenes ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

It is well known that the murine T helper cell clones are divided by their lymphokine secretory activities. One is the Th-1 cell, producing IL-2 and IFN after stimulation and the other is the Th-2 cell, producing the IL-4 and IL-5. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on the lymphokine production in vivo and in vitro. The results were as follows: There were no effects on the lymphokine secretion by the in vitro treatment of the LPS. The in vivo treatment of the LPS decreases the capability of the production of IL-2 and IFN , whereas it increases the capability of IL-4 production. The altered capacity of the lymphokine production was recovered about 2 weeks after the treatment of the LPS. There were no differences on the lymphokine production between E-coli LPS and salmonella LPS. The capacity of the lymphokine production was the same in the treatment of a non-heated LPS or heated-LPS. The lymphokine production of the mice which were desensitized by the long term treatment of the LPS was not different from the control mice. The in vitro treatment of RU486 can block the alterations of the lymphokine production after the treatment of the LPS. In summary, one can tell that the LPS increases the secretion of the IL-4 through the endogenous secretion of the glucocorticoids.
Animals ; Clone Cells ; Glucocorticoids ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Mice ; Mifepristone ; Salmonella ; T-Lymphocytes* ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

Pediatric diseases are important because diagnosis and care for these can be complex. Among them, specific diseases have been associated with ocular involvement. This review presents the ocular manifestations of various pediatric diseases relevant to the clinician. An array of ocular manifestations of hyperthyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, cystinosis, mucopolysaccharidosis, Wilson disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Marfan syndrome, Weill-Marchesani syndrome are described. In this review we will review ocular manifestations of systemic pediatric diseases for comprehensive understanding of eye involvement. With this review, authors can recognize the ocular manifestations for diagnosis and management of pediatric systemic diseases.
Arthritis, Juvenile ; Cystinosis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Marfan Syndrome ; Mucopolysaccharidoses ; Pediatrics ; Porphyrias ; Weill-Marchesani Syndrome

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in adult patients with Coats' disease. CASE SUMMARY: Vascular telangiectasia, microaneurysms, circinate hard exudates, and macular edema were shown in the macula of two patients. Vascular abnormality was limited to < or =6 clock hours in both cases. In case 1, the temporal retina demonstrates filigree-like vessels and capillary nonperfusion. In case 2, the nasal retina demonstrates aneurysmal dilatation and multiple microaneurysms. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was administered in both cases. After 1 month, macular edema decreased. Laser photocoagulation was performed for vascular telangiectasia, microaneurysms, and capillary nonperfusion area. Then an additional decrease of macular edema was observed. Fluorescein leakage decreased, as well. After 1 month (case 1) and 2 months (case 2), macular edema increased. The second and third intravitreal reinjections were administered to each patient. Macular edema decreased. CONCLUSIONS: We report two rare cases of Coats' disease in adult patients. Intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patients with Coats' disease can result in a rapid decrease of macular edema, which will then lead to rapid visual recovery and an opportunity for effective laser photocoagulation. We recommend that intraviteal bevacizumab injection be used in combination with laser photocoagulation for the treatment of Coats' disease.
Adult ; Aneurysm ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Capillaries ; Dilatation ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fluorescein ; Humans ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Retina ; Telangiectasis ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: To determine the factors influence retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters measured by Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: Topographic RNFL thickness and optic disc parameters of 129 healthy Korean subjects of aged 14 to 87 were measured using the fast retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and fast optic disk algorithms of Stratus OCT. One eye of each subject was randomly selected for statistical analysis. Using multiple linear regression, the effect of optic disc area, age, refractive error, and zone beta on each parameter was analyzed. RESULTS: Large discs had large horizontal integrated rim width (HIRW), cup area, rim area, C/D area ratio, and vertical C/D ratio. The thickness of average, superior, inferior, and nasal quadrant RNFL increased significantly with an increase in optic disc area. Average and superior quadrant RNFL thickness, and HIRW decreased with age. Refractive error showed a correlation with the vertical integrated rim area, horizontal C/D ratio, and temporal quadrant RNFL thickness. Gender and zone beta had no statistically significant influence on ONH and RNFL parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that optic disc size affects most RNFL thickness and ONH parameters. Because of the relationships revealed in this study, optic disc area in addition to age should be considered when the Stratus OCT RNFL thickness and ONH parameters are interpreted.
Linear Models ; Nerve Fibers* ; Optic Disk ; Refractive Errors ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of 3T-TOF MR angiography (3T-TOF MRA) compared with transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and conventional angiography (CA) in patients with suspected cerebral infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty four patients with clinical symptoms of cerebral infarction were involved in this study, and had undergone 3T-TOF MRA and TCD, with CA in 11 patients. On the basis of divisions of the carotid artery, four groups were designated: group I, both vertebral arteries and basilar artery; group II, segment between 2 cm below bifurcation of common carotid artery and genu portion of internal carotid artery; group III, segment between petrous portion of internal carotid artery and bifurcation of anterior and middle cerebral artery; group IV, from bifurcation of anterior and middle cerebral artery to thier distal branches. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the vascular imaging and stenosis in 3T-TOF MRA, TCD, and CA. RESULTS: A total of 432 arteries, 108 in each group, were available. The assessment of vascular imaging quality in 3T-TOF MRA is scored 2.98, 2.96, 2.91, 2.88 in 4 groups, respectively. Agreement among 3TTOF MR angiography, TCD, and CA was high. CONCLUSION: 3T-TOF MR angiography may be useful method for the assessment of stenotic lesions of cranial vasculature in patients with cerebral infarction.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Basilar Artery ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial ; Vertebral Artery

BACKGROUND: The Damus-Kaye-Stansel (DKS) procedure is a proximal MPA-ascending aorta anastomosis used to relieve systemic ventricular outflow tract obstructions (SVOTO) and pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of this study was to review the indications and outcomes of the DKS procedure, including the DKS pathway and semilunar valve function. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective review of 28 patients who underwent a DKS procedure between May 1994 and April 2006 was performed. The median age at operation was 5.3 months (13 days~38.1 months) and body weight was 5.0 kg (2.9~13.5 kg). Preoperative pressure gradients were 25.3+/-15.7 mmHg (10~60 mmHg). Eighteen patients underwent a preliminary pulmonary artery banding as an initial palliation. Preoperative main diagnoses were double outlet right ventricle in 9 patients, double inlet left ventricle with ventriculoarterial discordance in 6, another functional univentricular heart in 5, Criss-cross heart in 4, complete atrioventricular septal defect in 3, and hypoplastic left heart variant in 1. DKS techniques included end-to-side anastomosis with patch augmentation in 14 patients, classical end-to-side anastomosis in 6, Lamberti method (double-barrel) in 3, and others in 5. The bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt and Fontan procedure were concomitantly performed in 6 and 2 patients, respectively. RESULT: There were 4 hospital deaths (14.3%), and 3 late deaths (12.5%) with a follow-up duration of 62.7+/-38.9 months (3.3~128.1 months). Kaplan-Meier estimated actuarial survival was 71.9%+/-9.3% at 10 years. Multivariate analysis showed right ventricle type single ventricle (hazard ratio=13.960, p=0.004) and the DKS procedure as initial operation (hazard ratio=6.767, p=0.042) as significant mortality risk factors. Four patients underwent staged biventricular repair and 13 received Fontan completion. No SVOTO was detected after the procedure by either cardiac catheterization or echocardiography except in one patient. There was no semiulnar valve regurgitation (>Gr II) or semilunar valve-related reoperation, but one patient (3.6%) who underwent classical end-to-side anastomosis needed reoperation for pulmonary artery stenosis caused by compression of the enlarged DKS pathway. The freedom from reoperation for the DKS pathway and semilunar valve was 87.5% at 10 years after operation. CONCLUSION: The DKS procedure can improve the management of SVOTO, and facilitate the selected patients who are high risk for biventricular repair just after birth to undergo successful staged biventricular repair. Preliminary pulmonary artery banding is a safe and effective procedure that improves the likelihood of successful DKS by decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance. The long-term outcome of the DKS procedure for semilunar valve function, DKS pathway, and relief of SVOTO is satisfactory.
Aorta ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Bays ; Body Weight ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Crisscross Heart ; Double Outlet Right Ventricle ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fontan Procedure ; Freedom ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Artery ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Resistance