No abstract available.
Arthritis, Juvenile*

No abstract available.
Temporal Bone*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between diabetes and depressive symptoms among Korean women. METHODS: We performed an analysis of data for 6,572 women aged 30 or over obtained from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010 to 2011. We examined the presence of depressive symptoms and the treatment of depression according to diabetes status. RESULTS: The presence of depressive symptoms was observed in 22.6% of subjects with diabetes. In the multiple logistic regression model, diabetes was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 1.21) but the treatment of depression among diabetics was less common (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.55). Uncontrolled diabetes (glycosylated hemoglobin > or = 7%) was associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.69 to 1.73) among diabetics. CONCLUSION: Physicians should manage individuals with diabetes in consideration of the presence of depressive symptoms, especially in those with uncontrolled diabetes.
Depression* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Nutrition Surveys*

No abstract available.
Wernicke Encephalopathy*

BACKGROUND: This research investigated the usefulness of heavy drinking standards of ‘guidelines for moderate alcohol drinking amount for Koreans’ for diagnosis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) alcohol use disorder. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted with 976 adults who visited an health screening center in Daejeon for health check-up in 2015. Daily drinking amount, drinking frequency per week, and weekly drinking amount were investigated. Using the heavy drinking criteria of Korean guideline, participants were grouped by age and gender and classified as normal or heavy drinkers. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), Positive likelihood ratio (LR+), Negative likelihood ratio (LR-), odds ratio (OR) and Youden's Index of heavy drinking according to Korean guideline for diagnosis of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder were calculated. RESULTS: The Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of a model screening DSM-5 alcohol use disorder by weekly drinking amount were 0.812 in males up to age 65 years and 0.931 in males over age 65 years and females respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Korean guideline heavy drinking group for diagnosis of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder were 61.0%, 89.7%, 67.0%, and 87.05% respectively. The LR+, LR-, OR and Youden's Index of those were 5.917 (4.704-7.435), 0.434 (0.379-0.497), 13.623 (9.607-19.317), and 0.507 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This research shows the Korean heavy drinking standard is useful for diagnosis of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder in Korean people.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Drinking* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: This research investigated the sensitivity and specificity of heavy and binge drinking for screening of alcohol use disorder. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted with 976 adults who visited the Sun Health Screening Center for health screenings in 2015. Daily drinking amount, drinking frequency per week, and weekly drinking amount were investigated. Using criteria from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, participants were classified as normal drinkers, heavy drinkers, or binge drinkers, and grouped by age and sex. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of heavy and binge drinking were compared for the diagnosis of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 4th edition-text revision and alcohol use disorder using the DSM 5th edition. RESULTS: The sensitivity of heavy and binge drinking for the diagnosis of alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, and alcohol use disorder were 51.7%, 43.8%, and 35.3%, and 69.0%, 62.5%, and 48.2%, respectively. The specificity of these were 90.1%, 91.7%, and 95.5%, and 84.3%, 86.8%, and 91.2%, respectively. The PPV of these were 24.8%, 40.5%, and 72.7%, and 21.7%, 38.0%, and 65.2%, respectively. The NPV of these were 96.7%, 92.6%, and 81.2%, and 97.8%, 94.7%, and 83.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Heavy and binge drinking did not show enough diagnostic power to screen DSM alcohol use disorder although they did show high specificity and NPV.
Adult ; Alcoholism ; Alcohol Drinking ; Binge Drinking* ; Diagnosis* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.) ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) cause neurologic dysfunction by blocking the voltage-gated sodium channels located in all of the peripheral nerves and muscles. We experienced two patients presenting with generalized motor weakness after ingestion of pufferfish. The nerve conduction study showed diffuse slowing of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity, prolonged motor terminal latency and decreased sensory nerve action potentials without temporal dispersion or conduction block. Abnormal findings of nerve conduction study improved rapidly without any deterioration. Clinical symptoms and signs ameliorated in accordance with findings of nerve conduction study without any neurologic sequelae. These imply that tetrodotoxication is reversible and functional neurologic disorder. We suggest that nerve conduction studies can be available in serial monitoring of tetrodotoxication as an objective means.
Action Potentials ; Eating ; Humans ; Muscles ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neural Conduction ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Tetraodontiformes ; Tetrodotoxin ; Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Scrotal leiomyomas with atypical bizarre nuclei are rare, which might be misdiagnosed as malignant tumor. We describe a case of scrotal bizarre leiomyoma in a 65-yr-old man. The tumor was a 1 cm-sized, well circumscribed, oval mass arising from the tunica dartos muscle. Histologically, it was formed by whorling bundles of fusiform cells with occasional atypical, pleomorphic nuclei and pseudoinclusions. Mitosis was not found. Although morphologically atypical, scrotal bizarre leiomyomas take on a biologic behavior not different from that of conventional leiomyoma, they should be distinguished from leiomyosarcoma to avoid unnecessary treatment.
Aged ; Genital Neoplasms, Male/*pathology/surgery ; Human ; Leiomyoma/*pathology/surgery ; Male ; Scrotum/*pathology

PURPOSE: Many investigators suggested that changes in hormonal environment in the postmenopausal women functionally or histologically effect the clitoris and vagina. We investigated the mechanism of female se xual dysfunction occurring in the decreased hormonal status, and aimed to establish and experimental base for the hormone replacement in postmenopausal women to correct sexual dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty mature female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups; control group, oophorectomy group, estrogen replacement group after oophorectomy. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and the degree of expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), collagen content in clitoral tissues were analysed. RESULTS: nNOS and eNOS were significantly increased in the oohporectomized group while decreased in the estrogen replacement group (p<0.01). NOS activity showed the similar pattern of change (p<0.05). Oophorectomy induced a significant increase in collagen content, while the ratio of smooth muscle content was increased significantly after the estrogen replacement (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen deficiency induces collagen synthesis and decreases the content of smooth muscle in clitoris, resulting in a structural relaxation difficulty. We believe that NOS becomes more active to improve the relaxation difficulty and that hormone replacement helps to restore the normal state of smooth muscle relaxation. Considering these findings, we suggest that estrogen down-regulates NOS and its activity.
Clitoris* ; Collagen ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Ovariectomy ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Research Personnel ; Vagina