No abstract available.
Aged ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing/*pathology/ultrasonography ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/*blood ; Liver/*pathology ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

High-throughput genomics and transcriptomics are often applied in routine pathology practice to facilitate cancer diagnosis, assess prognosis, and predict response to therapy. However, the proteins rather than nucleic acids are the functional molecules defining the cellular phenotype in health and disease, whereas genomic profiling cannot evaluate processes such as the RNA splicing or posttranslational modifications and gene expression does not necessarily correlate with protein expression. Proteomic applications have recently advanced, overcoming the issue of low depth, inconsistency, and suboptimal accuracy, also enabling the use of minimal patient-derived specimens. This review aims to present the recent evidence regarding the use of high-throughput proteomics in both exfoliative and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Most studies used mass spectrometry, as this is associated with high depth, sensitivity, and specificity, and aimed to complement the traditional cytomorphologic diagnosis, in addition to identify novel cancer biomarkers. Examples of diagnostic dilemmas subjected to proteomic analysis included the evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules or prediction of lymph node metastasis from thyroid cancer, also the differentiation between benign and malignant serous effusions, pancreatic cancer from autoimmune pancreatitis, non-neoplastic from malignant biliary strictures, and benign from malignant salivary gland tumors. A few cancer biomarkers—related to diverse cancers involving the breast, thyroid, bladder, lung, serous cavities, salivary glands, and bone marrow—were also discovered. Notably, residual liquid-based cytology samples were suitable for satisfactory and reproducible proteomic analysis. Proteomics could become another routine pathology platform in the near future, potentially by using validated multi-omics protocols.

Background: The relationship between cystitis glandularis (CG) and bladder malignancy remains unclear. Methods: We identified the oncologic significance of CG at the molecular level using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of 10 CG, 12 urothelial carcinoma (UC), and nine normal urothelium (NU) specimens. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified based on an analysis of variance false discovery rate < 0.05, and their functional enrichment was analyzed using a network model, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Gene Ontology annotation. Results: We identified 9,890 proteins across all samples and 1,139 DEPs among the three entities. A substantial number of DEPs overlapped in CG/NU, distinct from UC. Interestingly, we found that a subset of DEP clusters (n = 53, 5%) was differentially expressed in NU but similarly between CG and UC. This “UC-like signature” was enriched for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and energy metabolism, growth and DNA repair, transport, motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cell survival. Using the top 10 shortlisted DEPs, including SOD2, PRKCD, CYCS, and HCLS1, we identified functional elements related to ROS metabolism, development, and transport using network analysis. The abundance of these four molecules in UC/CG than in NU was consistent with the oncologic functions in CG. Conclusions Using a proteomic approach, we identified a predominantly non-neoplastic landscape of CG, which was closer to NU than to UC. We also confirmed a small subset of common DEPs in UC and CG, suggesting that altered ROS metabolism might imply potential cancerous risks in CG.

Choriocarcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy of which characteristic is rapid metastasis to the other organs. It is related to the previous gestation or originated from the teratoma. Choriocarcinoma is mostly originated from the intrauterine chorionic villi, but it is rarely originated from the utreine cervix, fallopian tube, ovary, vagina and pelvic cavity. Primary choriocarcinoma of the fallopian tube is exceedingly rare and it is originated from ectopic tubal pregnancy, tubal migration from the intrauterine pregnancy or intratubal teratoma. 9 Symptoms and signs of the choriocarcinoma originated from the ectopic pregnancy are abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, palpable adnexal mass, positive pregnancy test and amenorrhea. Thus it is difficult to distinguish choriocarcinoma from ectopic pregnancy on the basis of symptoms before the microscopic diagnosis presented.20 Effective treatment of choriocarcinoma is chemotherapy. Additional operation is possible. B-HCG is a useful measure for the follow up. We experienced a 36-year-old multigravida Korean woman who was diagnosed as the rupture of ectopic pregnancy after left salpingectomy in our hospital and then confirmed primary choriocarcinoma of the fallopian tube without metastasis on microscopic finding. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed with methotrexate. The follow up of disease is still on going at two month intervals and she has remained healthy, We report this case with review of literatures.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Amenorrhea ; Cervix Uteri ; Choriocarcinoma* ; Chorionic Villi ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Fallopian Tubes* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Tests ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Rupture ; Salpingectomy ; Teratoma ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Vagina

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in type 2 diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients according to plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level and to document the effect of diet on HDL-cholesterol. METHODS: The subjects were 252 (male: 134, female: 118) Korean type 2 DM patients recruited from a general hospital's DM clinic and divided into low HDL-cholesterol group (male < 40 mg/dL, female < 50 mg/dL) and control group (male > or = 40 mg/dL, female > or = 50 mg/dL). Anthropometric and hematological variables and dietary intake were assessed by the groups. RESULTS: The subject's mean age was 60.2 +/- 1.1 years and duration of diabetes was 9.5 +/- 1.0 years. Anthropometric measurements (body fat mass, % body fat, WHR, fat free mass, and muscle mass) and BMI were not significantly different between two groups. The male subjects with low HDL-cholesterolemia showed higher Atherogenic Index (AI, P < 0.001) and higher % carbohydrate from energy than control group (P < 0.01). The female subjects with low HDL-cholesterolemia showed higher AI (P < 0.001) and a tendency of higher triglyceride level and lower intake of energy, protein, lipid, vitamin B1 and vitamin E (P < 0.05) than control group. CONCLUSION: The subject with low HDL-cholesterolemia showed significantly higher AI. Male subject with low HDL-cholesterolemia consumed higher carbohydrate and female subject with low HDL-cholesterolemia showed lower intakes of many nutrients. This result suggests the importance of an adequate and balanced diet to manage type 2 DM patients to prevent CVD complications.
Adipose Tissue ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Muscles ; Plasma ; Thiamine ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy of a vasculo-eptihelial origin. It is divided into three categories. The first category is primary anigosarcoma, which occurs in the face and scalp of elderly patients without any predisposing factors. The second is Stewart-Treves Syndrome, which is a subset of chronic lymphedema. The third is a post irradiation angiosarcoma that occurs at the site of prior irradiation. Generally in Stewart-Treves Syndrome, there is a pre-existing chronic lymphedema on the upper extremities due to the wide excision of breast cancer with or without radiation therapy. We here report on a case of a 60-year-old female with chronic lymphedema on the leg and who had a history of hysterectomy due to cervical cancer. The patient had purple-colored tender nodule and ulcer with exudate on the chronic lymphedematous leg and was diagnosed as angiosarcoma by a skin biopsy.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leg ; Lymphedema ; Middle Aged ; Scalp ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Upper Extremity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Pattern finding is one of the important tasks in a protein or DNA sequence analysis. Alignment is the widely used technique for finding patterns in sequence analysis. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) is one of the most popularly used tools in bio-informatics to explore available DNA or protein sequence databases. BLAST may generate a huge output for a large sequence data that contains various sequence patterns. However, BLAST does not provide a tool to summarize and analyze the patterns or matched alignments in the BLAST output file. BLAST lacks of general and robust parsing tools to extract the essential information out from its output. This paper presents a pattern summary system which is a powerful and comprehensive tool for discovering pattern structures in huge amount of sequence data in the BLAST. The pattern summary system can identify clusters of patterns, extract the cluster pattern sequences from the subject database of BLAST, and display the clusters graphically to show the distribution of clusters in the subject database.
Computational Biology ; Databases, Protein ; DNA ; Sequence Analysis* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Adiaspiromycosis is known as an infection that is due to Chrysosporium species which are filamentous soil saprophytes that cause pulmonary infection in rare cases but are classified mainly as a contaminant rather than a pathogen in dermatological areas. Deep fungal infections, commonly by Aspergillosis and Candida, are associated with patients who have an impaired skin barrier or immunosuppression and it takes a long time to identify the pathogen because it is hard to diagnosis it without clinical suspicion. In our case, a 56-year-old female living in a rural area who took immunosuppressants including cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mefetil, and prednisolone due to pemphigus vulgaris presented at our clinic with an erythematous patch with pustular discharges on the left forearm for 2 months. She had been treated with antibiotics under the impression of cellulitis but was not responsive to it. A Chrysosporium species was identified by tissue culture and treatment was successful with an antifungal agent. We here report a case of deep fungal infection caused by Chrysosporium species without pulmonary infiltration which is a rare manifestation.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspergillosis ; Candida ; Cellulitis ; Chrysosporium ; Cyclophosphamide ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Middle Aged ; Pemphigus ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Soil

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in many clinical situations and is relatively simple to perform with proper technique. Local anesthetic technique is often preferable to general anesthesia for bronchoscopies since these examinations are mostly undertaken as outpatient procedures. Inhaled topical lidocaine, used to produce anesthesia of the repiratory tract prior to bronchoscopy, may cause anaphylactoid reaction in patients. However lidocaine hypersensitivity reaction is uncommon. We report the case of death due to hypersensitivity to topical lidocaine spray given during routine premedication for this procedure. The possibility of bronchospasm secondary to an adverse reaction to premedication or anesthesia must also be considered.
Anaphylaxis* ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Bronchial Spasm ; Bronchoscopy* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Lidocaine* ; Outpatients ; Premedication

No abstract available.
Muscle, Smooth* ; Smooth Muscle Tumor*