BACKGROUND: Pap smear is well known as a useful method for early detection of the cervical cancer and known to be widely performed by women. But the cervical cancer is the most common cancer in Korean women until now. So we surveyed to find out the status of womens practice and the result of Pap smear. METHODS: A questionnaire was filled up by the 270 women who had taken Pap smear from June to July in 1994 at the department of family medicine of Kyung Hee Medical Center. The family physicians gynecological findings at Pap srnear and the results of Pap smear were obtained. Af ter then we analyzed the data by SAS(Statistical Analysis System). The data which were not answered at each item were excluded in the analysis of each item. RESULTS: Among the 270 women, thirties were 98 persons(36.3%), forties were 115 persons(42.6%). The women who had never been taken Pap smear before were 34.6%. At the age performed Pap smear first, 30-39 years old was most common as of 39.8%. In the interval of Pap smear among the performed, 2 years interval was 36.8%. The medical facility usually being performed Pap smear was obstetrics and gynecological clinic as of 49.7%. At the opinion of int,erval which they think they should take Pap smear, the women answered that 1 year interval was appropriate were 50.7% and the opinions of the experienced group were statistically different from those of the non-experienced group(P<0.01). Gynecological findings showed normal in 74.8%, the cytological results of Pap smear showed class I as of 88.9%, class II 6.3%, class III 4.4% and class IV 0.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Almost of them knew correctly the appropriate interval of Pap smear they should take, but the practice rate was very low. They had good results in the final cytological results of Pap smear, but the cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in Korean women until now. So they should continuously get public informations and be educated to take Pap smear at the appropriate interval for the reduction of death due to cervical cancer.
Female ; Humans ; Obstetrics ; Physicians, Family ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Because the postmortem changes rapidly distort values of many constituents in the body fluids, the determination of postmortem chemical changes and relation among body fluids is very important in medicolegal community. A laboratory result is not useful if appropriate data for comparison are lacking. The aim of this paper is to determine the reference ranges and the postmortem changes for chemical constituents in postmortem specimen. We examined 17 clinical laboratory parameters in cadaveric blood and vitreous humor obtained from 51 autopsy cases. The mean, standard error, standard deviation and confidence interval of all measured constituents were shown in Table 2 & Figure 1. The postmortem blood level of amylase, phosporus, LDH, ALT, AST and CPK are very higher than those of antemortem blood. The postmortem vitreous level of total bilirubin, triglyceride, GGT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, total protein and cholesterol are very low and is not reliable. The ratio of vitreous/blood in calcium, BUN, creatine and uric acid are 0.74, 0.68, 0.29 and 0.23 in decreasing orders(Table 3,4). For the medical examiner or pathologist, routine chemical examinations of the vitreous humor can provide evidence of abnormality not apparent in gross or microscopic examination of the tissue. A more extensive study will be required, using a larger number of subjects, to establish the full range of variability.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Amylases ; Autopsy ; Bilirubin ; Body Fluids ; Cadaver ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Confidence Intervals ; Coroners and Medical Examiners ; Creatine ; Humans ; Postmortem Changes ; Reference Values ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid ; Vitreous Body

Prostatic carcinoma continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men. Unfortunately, most patients with prostatic carcinoma present to the clinician with established disseminated disease. Earlier detection of prostatic carcinoma is essential of the number of potentially curable patients is to be increased. It is the purpose of this study evaluated a screening program for the early detection of carcinoma of the prostate by transrectal fine needle aspiration cytology. A total of 52 transrectal fine needle aspiration cytology of the prostate compared with histological diagnosis by operation in 41 patients with abnormal prostate by digital rectal examination. Of the 51 prostatic aspirations that could be given a definite cytologic diagnosis, there was histological correlation in 43. The sensitivity was 84.0 percent, specificity 81.5 percent. The false negative rate was 15.4 percent, false positive rate 12.5 percent. There was no apparent complication by transrectal aspiration of the prostate. Our results suggest that transrectal fine needle aspiration of the prostate is an easily performed, diagnostically reliable procedure without complication.
Aspirations (Psychology) ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Prostate* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To assess the ability of scrotal Doppler ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis of clinical varicoceles and detect subclinical varicoceles. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Sixty patients with clinically evident varicocele were examined by scrotal doppler ultrasonography(gray scale: 60 patients, spectral Doppler: 35 patients, color Doppler: 22 patients). A control group of 21 patients with no suspected scrotal pathology also were studied. The age range of the varicocele group was 12-49 years. The normal group consisted of 21 subjects aged 19-23 years. Ultrasonographic measurement of scrotal vein diameter of patients before and during Valsalva maneuver, and scrotal vein blood flow reversal with Valsalva maneuver was compared with the findings of varicocele by physical examination. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in scrotal vein diameter before and during Valsalva maneuver between normal and varicocele testicular units. Cut-off points were selected in an arbitrary fashion on the basis of scattergram. Using this cut-off points and blood flow reversal, we found that 12(23%) of 53 patients with a clinically palpable left unilateral varicocele had an ultrasonographically positive subclinical right varicocele. 8(38%) of 21 patients without a clinical varicocele had a positive scrotal ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that scrotal doppler ultrasonography is a reliable means of confirming the clinical varicocele and screening the subclinical varicoceles.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Pathology ; Physical Examination ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler* ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Varicocele* ; Veins

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrom is an acute febrile disease which is caused by Hantanvirus and several other viruses that belong to the genus Hantavirus. Gl and G2 glycoproteins of Hantanvirus have been thought to be involved in protective immunity against Hantanvirus infection. In this study, the antigenicity of G1 and G2 glycoproteins in cell mediated immune response was investigated. When peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction from recovered hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patient was cultivated with a recombinant protein containing amino-terminal 78 amino acids of G2 glycoprotein, these cells were activated to proliferate and secreted significant amount of interleukin-2 and interferon-r. These results suggest that T cell epitope exists in the amino-terminal region of G2 glycoprotein.
Amino Acids ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; Fever ; Glycoproteins* ; Hantavirus ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Humans ; Interleukin-2

No abstract available.
Child ; Child, Orphaned* ; Humans

Double primary cancer is defined as the case of primary malignant tumors in one person, which must be arisen in different sites and have a different histologic appearances in each other. The number of reported cases of multiple primary malignant tumors has increased in recent years, because of more developed diagnostic procedure and long survival of cancer patients, We have experienced 4 cases of double primary malignant tumors which were stomach cancer with colon, bronchus and esophagus cancer, and report these cases with review of literatures.
Bronchi ; Colon ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms

Double primary cancer is defined as the case of primary malignant tumors in one person, which must be arisen in different sites and have a different histologic appearances in each other. The number of reported cases of multiple primary malignant tumors has increased in recent years, because of more developed diagnostic procedure and long survival of cancer patients, We have experienced 4 cases of double primary malignant tumors which were stomach cancer with colon, bronchus and esophagus cancer, and report these cases with review of literatures.
Bronchi ; Colon ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUNDS: The molecular genetic characteristcs of cis-AB blood group have shown that its allele had C, G, C and C at nucleotide positions (nps) 526, 703, 796 and 803, respectively. And all cis-AB analysed and reported molecular genetically in Korea and Japan had T at np 467 (leucine at amino acid position 156). We report a first case of cis-AB with C at np 467 (proline at amino acid position 156). METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of cis-AB patient and amplified by DS1/DS2 and DS3/DS4 allele-specific primers. After PCR, we analysed nps 261, 467, 526, 646, 703, 796, and 803 by restriction digestion, autoradiography and automatic sequencing. RESULTS: PCR-RFLP with DS1/DS2 primers and restriction enzyme KpnI showed that cis-AB had an 0 allele. The results of genomic sequencing, autoradiography and restriction digestion showed that cis-AB allele at nps 467, 526, 646, 703, 796 and 803 had C, C, T, G, C and C, respectively. CONCLUSION: This cis-AB showed characteristic molecular genetic features at nps 526, 703, 796, and 803. And this is a first case of A(Pro) cis-AB with C at np 467. (Korean J Blood Transfusion 10(1): 13-19, 1999)
Alleles ; Autoradiography ; Blood Transfusion ; Cytosine* ; Digestion ; DNA ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Molecular Biology* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a distinct and rare autoimmune disease characterized by extensive and painful mucosal ulcerations and polymorphic desquamated skin lesions in the setting of an underlying neoplasm, typically of lymphoreticular origin. Thus difficulties in the management of anesthesia can be expected. A 66-years-old man was scheduled for removal of intraabdominal sarcoma associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Physical examination showed multiple erythematous bullae, crusts, plaques and target-like lesions on the whole body and desquamated erythematous skin lesions on the back and extremities. In the operating room, his right femoral artery was cannulated with a 20 G, 12.7 cm CVP catheter and left femoral and subclavian veins with 14 G, 20 cm CVP catheters, respectively. After application of 4 % lidocaine spray, his oropharynx and supraglottic area were evaluated under direct laryngoscopy and revealed multiple ulcerations on oral mucosa, but no distinct lesion on supraglottic area. Anesthesia was induced by rapid-sequence method with fentanyl, thiopental sodium and succinylcholine followed by endotracheal intubation. The endotracheal tube was held by a roll gauze around the neck and its cuff was minimally inflated to avoid overpressure against his tracheal wall. After the end of surgery, his oral cavity was suctioned with no remarkable bleeding, and tracheal wall including cuff-contacted area was evaluated under fiberoptic bronchoscopy, revealed intact wall without any bulla or ulceration. The patient was transferred to intensive care unit for proper postoperative management after extubation of endotracheal tube.
Anesthesia ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Bronchoscopy ; Catheters ; Extremities ; Femoral Artery ; Fentanyl ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopy ; Lidocaine ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Neck ; Operating Rooms ; Oropharynx ; Pemphigus* ; Physical Examination ; Sarcoma ; Skin ; Subclavian Vein ; Succinylcholine ; Suction ; Thiopental ; Ulcer