No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Policy Making*

This study was aimed to analyze the dynamic accumulation of active ingredients of Echinacea purpurea. Contents of cichoric acid and total polyphenols in different parts through the whole growth process were determined by HPLC and colorimetry. The results showed that the content of total polyphenol changed little in annual plant. There were differences in content of cichoric acid of different parts in different periods. And the content reached the maximum at flowering stage. It was concluded that the harvest stage depended on the content of cichoric acid. The results provided theoretical basis for induced plant in Shandong province.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators of both innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing and eliciting responses to invading pathogens. The activation of TLRs must be stringently controlled in order to avoid exaggerated expression of signaling components as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines that can devastate the host,resulting in chronic inflammatory diseases,autoimmune disorders and aid in the pathogenesis of TLR-associated diseases. Therefore,it is essential that negative regulators act at multiple levels within TLR signaling cascades in order to synchronize the activation and negative regulation of signal transduction to limit potentially harmful immunological consequences. A summary of the various mechanisms employed by negative regulators of TLRs signaling to ensure the appropriate modulation of both immune and inflammatory responses was provided.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between BMD based on DR and DEXA. Methods: A total of 30 cadaver hand specimens were measured by bone mineral density measurement software based on RA developed by us and Hologic QDR-2000. Results: The overall results of F test were significant so that the data were analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software(r=0.7798, P<0.05). It is moderately and highly correlated between RA and DEXA. Conclusion: Self-developed software has a bright future because it is accurate and cheaper compared to foreign software.

Objective:To study and analyze the quality assurance(QA) and quality control(QC) in chest radiography based on X-ray digital radiography (DR).Methods:600 cases ( 320 male cases, 280 female cases, age range from 2 to 68 years old, with an average 48.2 years old) chest radiography based on DR were random sampling from database during the period from Oct., 2015 to Dec., 2015. In accordance with chest imaging criteria, these images were graded, and calculated the share rate. After analyzing the causes that produced the bad images, a number of measures were provided to improve the quality of image.Results:The patients can be examined in short time, and there are a large number of information with high resolution and rich layers. The qualified rate was 100% (Grade A with 525, accounting for 87.5%,Grade B with 63, accounting for 10.5%; Grade C with 12 , accounting for 2%), and the rate of waste film was zero.Conclusion: DR produced by computer digital image processing technology combined with X-ray radiation technology has powerful post-processing function. This function can combine a series of quality control measures to improve image quality as reducing radiation dosage, and finally, to realize the target of QA and QC.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine on serum leptin contents and the expression of leptin receptor in the hypothalamus in simple obesity rats so as to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 120 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group and high grease group, which was established by fed with high fat forage for 16 weeks. 60 successful rat models were divided into shilianyin+electro-acupuncture group, fatness model group, and control group with random digits table. Electro-acupuncture was applied to Zusanli and Zhongwan, and Shilian-yin 22.4 g/kg was administered, once daily, for 14 days in the shilianyin + electro-acupuncture group; Fatness model group was lavaged with isotonic Na chloride 2 ml/kg; while the control group was lavaged with sibutramine 1.6 mg/kg. The body weight, body length and Lee's index were measured once every 10 days. Serum leptin contents were measured by radioimmunoassay, and leptin receptor expression was detected with immunohistochemistry. Results In comparison with fatness model group (13.401 ± 6.138) ng/ml, the serum leptin content of shilianyin+electro-acupuncture group decreased significantly (9.467+ 3.587) ng/ml (P<0.01) , and the number of leptin receptor expression increased considerably (leptin-acceptor masculine cell was 52.30±21.35piece/mm2) (P<0.01). Conclusion The benign regulation of acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine on hypothalamus and serum leptin of obesity body is a significant joint of improving leptin-counteract and abnormal internal hormone metabolism.

Galectin-9 is a novel eosinophil chemoattractant,which belong to Galectin family.Galectin-9exhibits a variety of biological functions,such as cell differentiation,maturation,adhesion and aggregation,cell chemotaxis,activity,and cell death.Galectin-9 may play important roles in the development of acute inflammation as well as chronic inflammation associated with allergies,autoimmune diseases,infectious processes.This review summarizes the advances in Galectin-9 study.

ObjectiveTo analyze the expression and clinical significance of Maspin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometrioid adenocarcinoma tissue samples. MethodsForty-nine cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 12 cases of atypical hyperplasia of endometrium and 15 cases of normal endometrium were selected. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of Maspin,as well as VEGF. ResultsThe expression of Maspin was none in normal endometrium,while the positive rates of Maspin in atypical hyperplasia of endometrium (41.7％, 5/12 ) and endometrioid adenocarcinoma (59.2％,29/49) were ascending, there was statistical significance among the three groups (P＜0.01 ). The positive rates of VEGF in normal endometrium ( 13.3％, 2/15 ), atypical hyperplasia of endometrium ( 33.3％, 4/12 ),endometrioid adenocarcinoma (67.3％ ,33/49) also were ascending (P＜ 0.01 ). The expression of Maspin was related with the FIGO stage in endometrioid adenocarcinoma (P=0.034), and the expression of VEGF was related with the myometrial invasion(P = 0.036). There was positve correlation between the expression of Maspin and VEGF (r = 0.307,P＜0.05). ConclusionsThe expression of Maspin, VEGF in tumor tissue has a significant correlation with the level of invasion of endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The expressions of Maspin,VEGF apparently play an essential role in the development and invasion of endometrioid adenocarcinoma.