Rapid development of personalized medicine in cancer treatments needs urgent support of proper tumor biomarkers.Comparing to tissue tests,serum/plasma tumor biomarkers show advantages in easy sample collection and flexibility of detecting methods.Nowadays,large scales of investigations have discovered sufficient blood tumor biomarkers for preclinical diagnosis and evaluation of clinical treatment or prognosis,with the development of screening techniques and strategies.Moreover,tremendous promotion would appear in cancer diagnosis and treatment with future profound investigation and rigorous verification from clinical practice.

As a new identified help T cell lineage different from Th1 and Th2 cells, Th17 cell has been found played important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and inflammatory disease. To further identify their roles, the differentiation and regulation of Th17 cells has been widely explored recently. Now it has been confirmed that TGF-beta, combined with IL-6 or IL-21, play critical roles in the differentiation of Th17 cells. While IL-23 mainly contribute in promoting the secretion of IL-17 and maintaining the function of Th17 cells. Corresponding with the Th1,Th2, and Treg cells, which has special transcription factors T-bet、GATA3、Foxp3 respectively, now it has been confirmed that ROR-?t(retinoid-related orphan receptors-?t) is the special transcription factor which specially regulate the differentiation of Th17 cells. Th17 cells function through their secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-6, TNF-?. Among them IL-21,which act as a autocrine cytokine of Th17 cells, play critical roles in promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells while inhibiting the differentiation and function of Th1 and Treg cells. On the other hand, IL-2, which is obligatory for the growth of Th1,Th2,Treg and CD8+T cells, now has been found negatively regulate the differentiation of Th17 cells. In all, differentiation of Th17 and Treg,Th1 cells are exactly regulated in vivo, in which TGF-beta played critical roles. As both Th1 and Th17 cells participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases, are they play synergistic roles or function at different time point or location? How TGF-? regulate Th17 and Treg cells?Can Th17 cells be used as a target for immune tolerance induction? All above questions will certainly be of continuing interest.

Objective To study the effect of laparoscopic surgery on the quality of life in patients with middle and low rectal cancer.Methods 108 cases with middle and low rectal cancer in accordance with the number table,were randomly divided into two groups.54 patients in the observation group were operated through laparoscopic surgery and 54 patients in the control group received traditional open surgery.The patients were followed up for 6 months,the patients' quality of life were assesed.Results The operative time,blood loss and length of hospital stay in the observation group were less than the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The lymph node dissection between the two groups had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).47 patients in the observation group were rectal sphincter preservation,the rate was 87.0％,37 patients in the control group with rectal sphincter preservation,the rate was 68.5 ％,the difference between the two groups was significant (x2 =4.92,P ＜ 0.05).The patients'quality of life after surgery in two groups was increased than before surgery,and the observation group increased more significantly than the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery can significantly improve the quality of life in patients with middle and low rectal cancer.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poisoning ; epidemiology ; prevention & control

BACKGROUND: Most of the displaced fractures of calcaneus reed operation treatment. Because early postoperative dirigation is sometimes ignored,most patients receive only good anatomic reduction but less pleased functional reduction.OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of different starting time of the postoperative dirigation on the functional recovery of the joint of the foot after the operation of the fracture of calcaneus with joint surface displacement.DESIGN: Non-randomized and concurrently controlled retrospective analysis with blind evaluation.SETTING: Orthopedic Department of Renji Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University.PARTICIPANTS: Cases with the fracture of the calcaneus with joint surface displacement, in the Orthopedic Department of Renji Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University were chosen from October 2000 to June 2003. There were totally 64 cases(72 sides), male 40 sides and female 32sides, whose ages varied from 22 to 68 years old. According to the starting time of the postoperative dirigation, the cases were divided into two groups,the 1-week dirigation group with 34 cases(38 sides), male 20 sides and female 18 sides, and the 6-week dirigation group with 30 cases(34 sides), male 20 sides and female 14 sides.METHODS: Totally 64 cases were involved in the result analysis. In the two groups, the same operative therapeutic methods and postoperative dirigation were taken except the starting time of the dirigation. The dirigation was started respectively 1 or 6 weeks after the operation and lasted for 6weeks. Six months later, follow-ups were done according to the Maryland Grade(excellent 90-100, good 75 -89, moderate 50 -74, poor ＜ 50) to evaluate the activity of the talocrural joint and the stability of the anterior half of the foot and the gait as well.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary results: the postoperative function of the injured foot of the two groups. Secondary results: the adverse events and side effect.Maryland Grade: In the 34 cases(38 sides) of the 1-week dirigation group,the average mark was 87. 8, and in the 30 cases(34 sides) of the 6-week dirigation group, the average mark was 73.2, and the difference had signifigroup, 3 cases had poor healing of the incision, and achieved the healing after 2-week medication. And 2 cases had injury of the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot. In the 6-week dirigation group 2 cases had poor healing of the incision and achieved the healing after 2-week medication, and 1 case had injury of the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot. There was no significant difference between the two groups.CONCLUSION: After the operation of the fracture of calcaneus with joint surface displacement, early application of dirigation is beneficial to the functional recovery of the foot and talocrural joint without unsafety.

Minimally invasive treatment of liver cancer plays a very important role in clinical practice in China, because most patients had the background of hepatitis or cirrhosis and were prone to recurrence after radical resection of the tumor. In the past four decades, much progress has been made in controlling liver cancer, which is well consistent with the trends of minimally invasive treatment. Minimally invasive therapy is also the main goals of our practice and has a great potential developing future, although a good outcome is the prerequisite. Nowadays, minimally invasive treatment for liver cancer includes percutaneous transarterial chemotherapy or embolization (TAE or TACE), percutaneous ethand injection (PEI), and ablation with radiofrequency, micromave, cryosurgery or high intensity focused ultrasound.

1.5). The mean intakes of riboflavin were 1.05 mg/day in the 2nd trimester and 1.03 mg/day in 3rd. The correlation of BGRAC value and riboflavin intake (riboflavin per day, ridoflavin per 1000 kcal/day) demonstrated a significant negative correlation. The cord blood BGRAC values were in normal range, indicating that placenta may transport riboflavin from mother to fetus actively. The mean riboflavin content of colostrum was 22.9ug/dl.

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a multistep pathophysiological process involving a complex of multi-factors.To alleviate the IRI is of great importance in clinical liver transplantation,especially for marginal donor livers.This article overviewed the protective strategies and the latest progress for alleviation of IRI in three stages of liver transplantation,which includes liver procurement,preservation and reperfusion.

Based on the pathogenic mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD),tremendous preclinical and clinical trials have demonstrated that cell transplantation which aim to replace impaired retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with healthy RPE cells is a promising approach to treat AMD.So far,choices of cell sources mainly are autologous RPE,iris pigment epithelium,fetal RPE,human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE,and some of them are undergoing clinical researches.Grafting manners in cell-based therapies are various including RPE sheet or RPE-choroid complex transplantation,RPE cell suspension injection,and RPE sheet transplantation with scaffolds.This review is limited to cell-based therapies for RPE that damaged first in the progress of AMD and focus on recent advances in cell sources,transplantation methods,preclinical and clinical trials,and the obstacles that must be overcome.

As the precision medicine has been proposed , personalized therapy in cancer steps into a new stage.Since the development of gene molecular biology in lung cancer , numerous molecular targets were discovered.However, selecting patients who will be the most likely to benefit from the therapy is still a great challenge in clinical practice .Companion diagnosis could help evaluate the status of patients , which may provide better suggestions for health care professionals during treatment decision , in order to benefit the patients and decline the side effects risk together .Besides, high-throughput sequencing technics and diverse detection samples has provided a novel direction to understand the tumorigenesis and find more potential gene targets.