No abstract available.
Olfactory Mucosa*

Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissue is a well-defined and characteristic entity histologically, but cytomorphological studes are lacking. A correlaive cytological study of 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma is presented. The smears from case 1 were rich in tumor cells and most cells were arranged in large sheets or clusters. The cells showed round to oval nuclei containing fine chromatin and small promiment nucleoli. The smears from case 2 were moderate in cellularity with loose clusters or isolated cells. The characteristic blunt-ended and cigar-shaped nuclei containing coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli were identified in case 2. Nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli and high cellularity permit diagnosis of malignancy, although the atypia is generally less pronounced than in the histology. The cytological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma may be auxiliary in the diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis in the patients with alleged leiomyosarcoma.
Child* ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Dialysis* ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Lipoproteins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

This study was designed to investigate effectiveness of fragmentation during lithotripsy using 103 intrahepatic stones collected from 10 patients. Who had previously undergone biliary surgery. The size of each stones was measured and sonography was performed for the evaluation of the sonographic type of the stones. In vitro lithotripsy was performed on individual stones using piezoelectric lithotriptor to evaluate the fragmentation rate and average number of shock waves for fragmentation. Chemical analysis of each stone was done to determine chemical composition including calcium, bilirubin, and cholesterol. The size of the stones was from 5mm to 20 mm in diameter. Sonographic type I(echo of whole stone with posterior acoustic shadow) was 68, and type II(are-like strong surface echo of stone with clear posterior acoustic shadow) was 35 in number. The majority(78%) of stones I group 1 (5-9mm in diameter) showed sonographic type I characteristics, and 62% of stones in group 3(larger than 15mm in diameter) showed sonographic type Ii characteristics. There was a positive correlation between the size and sonographic type of stones. Fragmentation rates of stones were 100% in group 1. 71.9% in group 2 (10-15 mm in diameter), 43.8% in group 3. Respectively. Fragmentation rates of stones with sonographic type I and II were 91.2%, 65.7%. respectively. The average number of shock waves for partial and complete fragmentation was 2753±4937 and 6219±10133. Respectively. There was a positive correlation between the number of shock waves for fragmentation and diameter of stones (r=0.618. p<0.05). There was no correlation between the number of shock waves for fragmentation and chemical composition of stones. In conclusion, the most important variable determining the degree of fragmentation of intrahepatic stones using ESWL is not their chemical composition but their size and sonographic characteristics.
Acoustics ; Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease are the main causes of death and platelets are responsible for the formation of arterial thrombi. Platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) associated with coagulation pathway are GPIb/V/IX, GPIa/IIa, and GPIIb/IIIa. We evaluated genotype and allele frequencies of seven platelet glycoprotein genes associated with arterial thrombosis. METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 300 unrelated Korean and single nucleotide polymorphism of platelet glycoproteins was analyzed. PCR with sequence specific primers was used to investigate GPIa C807T and GPIbalpha VNTR polymorphism. PCR-RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) was used to investigate GPIa G1648A and C2531T, GPIbalpha C524T and T-5C, and GPIIIa T1565C polymorphism. RESULTS: The allele frequencies of GPIa C807T were 807C 0.733, 807T 0.267; GPIa 1648G 0.975, 1648A 0.025; GPIa C2531T, 2531C 1.000, 2531T 0.000; GPIbalpha C524T, 524C 0.927, 524T 0.073; GPIbalpha VNTR, A 0.017, B 0.015, C 0.558, D 0.410; GPIbalpha T-5C, -5T 0.726, -5C 0.274; GPIIIa T1565C, 1565T 0.995, 1565C 0.005. CONCLUSION: The genotype and allele frequencies of GPIa G1648A, GPIbalpha C524T, and GPIIIa T1565C were similar to established data. GPIa 807T and -5T allele of Kozak polymorphism showed low frequency compared with other ethnic group. Allele frequencies of GPIbalpha VNTR A and B alleles were very alike (0.017 vs 0.015). In this study, we firstly evaluated the genotype and allele frequencies of GPIa C2531T and GPIbalpha VNTR, T-5C polymorphisms in Korean population. This study will serve as a basic data for the study of platelet glycoproteins associated with arterial thrombosis in Korean.
Alleles* ; Blood Platelets* ; Cause of Death ; DNA ; Ethnic Groups ; Gene Frequency* ; Genotype* ; Glycoproteins* ; Humans ; Integrin alpha2 ; Integrin beta3 ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Thrombosis*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: After the bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) surgery, soft tissue problems have frequently been reported. To solve this problem, a surgical procedure that routinely involves so-called skin thinning using BAHA dermatome has been utilized. But, this procedure includes many peri-implant complications and cosmetic trouble. Recently, a single vertical incision technique that does not involve skin thinning has been reported with favorable results. In this study, we evaluated the benefits of performing this procedure without skin thinning compared with the dermatome technique. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We evaluated 10 patients who were operated on without skin thinning using longer (8.5 mm) abutments (the test group) and 5 patients with the routine skin thinning and 5.5-mm abutments (the control group). A mean follow-up time was 11.3 months, the mean age was 34.2 years in the test group, the mean follow-up time was 54.5 months and a mean age is 24.5 years in the control group. RESULTS: The mean time required for surgery was 25 minutes and 55 minutes for the test and control groups, respectively. The wound healing time was 28 days and 56 days for the test and control groups, respectively. Fixture extrusion, skin infection and skin overgrowth were not observed in the test group but fixture extrusion case, two skin infection cases and two skin overgrowth cases were observed in the control group. Two cases of abutment loosening were observed in the test group. CONCLUSION: The single vertical incision technique without skin thinning has many benefits when compared with the BAHA dermatome. With this technique, infection and skin overgrowth could be reduced, and a more rapid procedure and a more short healing time could also be possible. Moreover, the aesthetic outcome was far better when no skin thinning was involved.
Bone Conduction ; Cosmetics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hearing ; Hearing Aids ; Humans ; Osseointegration ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin ; Suture Anchors ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene polymorphisms have been found associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and lipid levels, but their impact is less clearly established. The analysis of associations of LPL gene polymorphisms with CAD and lipid levels in Koreans was investigated. METHODS: Analysis of PvuII (intron 6), HindIII (intron 8), and Ser447-Ter (exon 9) polymorphisms of LPL gene were performed using restriction enzyme digestion of amplified DNA products and lipid levels were analyzed in healthy control subjects (n=228) and patients with CAD (n=166). RESULTS: PvuII, HindIII, and Ser447-Ter sites were in strong linkage disequilibrium. No statistical differences in the genotypic frequencies of PvuII, HindIII, and Ser447-Ter polymorphisms were observed between control and CAD groups. P2P2 genotype had higher triglyceride level in CAD group and lower HDL-cholesterol level in control group than the other genotypes (P1P1, P1P2). H2H2 genotype had higher triglyceride level in CAD group and lower HDL-cholesterol level in control group than the other genotypes (H1H1, H1H2). CONCLUSIONS: Genotypes of LPL PvuII, HindIII, and Ser447-Ter polymorphisms were not associated with CAD. Individuals with P2P2 and H2H2 genotypes, however, had higher triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol levels that is known to be the most commmon dyslipidaemia in CAD patients.
Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Digestion ; DNA ; Genotype ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Lipoprotein Lipase* ; Lipoproteins* ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the performance of multiplex tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in newborn screening for detection of 6 lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), namely, Niemann-Pick A/B, Krabbe, Gaucher, Fabry, and Pompe diseases and Hurler syndrome. METHODS: We revised the conditions and procedures of multiplex enzyme assay for the MS/MS analysis and determined the precision of our enzyme assay and the effects of sample amounts and incubation time on the results. We also measured the degree of correlation between the enzyme activities in the dried blood spots (DBSs) and those in the leukocytes. DBSs of 211 normal newborns and 13 newborns with various LSDs were analyzed using our revised methods. RESULTS: The intra- and inter-assay precisions were 2.9-18.7% and 8.1-18.1%, respectively. The amount of product obtained was proportional to the DBS eluate volume, but a slight flattening was observed in the product vs. sample volume curve at higher sample volumes. For each enzyme assay, the amount of product obtained increased linearly with the incubation period (range, 0-24 hr). Passing and Bablok regression analysis revealed that the enzyme activities in the DBSs and those in the leukocytes were favorably correlated. The enzyme activities measured in the DBSs were consistently lower in patients with LSDs than in normal newborns. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of our revised techniques for MS/MS detection and enzyme assays was of the generally acceptable standard. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of MS/MS for newborn screening of LSDs in an Asian population.
Dried Blood Spot Testing ; Enzyme Assays ; Enzymes/blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukocytes/enzymology ; Lysosomal Storage Diseases/*diagnosis ; Republic of Korea ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/*methods ; Time Factors

To improve practical skills and problem-solving ablihty of the medical students, authrs introduced unique teaching program composed of 10 laboratory tests, essential for primary care physicians and ar ound 200 problem-solving and actual questionaires which can be met in situations of the clinical setting. The program was applied to the two-week clerkship for the senior class of Seoul National University College of Medicine in 1992. The problem-solving questionaires were revised three times in 1992, according to the results of analysis for new questionaires made by teachers and students. Around 5% of practical problem-oriented questionaires were made by students themselves. Favorable responses from the students were 99.1% for overall program and 96.1% for problem-solving questionaires. The long-term impact of this clerkship should be re-evaluated when students educated by this program become primary care physicians including interns or residents.
Humans ; Pathology, Clinical* ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Seoul ; Students, Medical

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mechanical or chemical stimulation of the supraglottic mucosa may result in either or both of two responses: the laryngeal adductor reflex response (LAR), which causes glottic closure, and the laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR), which results in centrally mediated apnea, hemodynamic instability and swallowing. Exaggeration of this normally protective reflexes is thought to be responsible for several disorders, including the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The supraglottic laryngeal mucosa which was topically stimulated by saline, distilled water, cow's milk and acid at pH 1.0 was introduced in 14 anesthetized puppies of three different age groups. In group I, four puppies were 2-weeks-of-age, and in group II and III, five puppies were 4 and 6-weeks-of-age, respectively. RESULT: 1) Strong acid (pH 1.0) induced the LCR response.20) After stimulating, respiration was depressed initially, followed by later hyperventilation. We found strong contraction or laryngospasm of thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle after a short period of latency. 3) Respiration was not, or minimally depressed in group I. Moderate depression or apnea was elicited in group II and III. 4) After stimulating, the heart rate was reduced, but it had no statistical meaning. 5) We found 3 types of TA muscle contraction pattern. Type I showed no laryngospasm, but large contraction wave was noted by EMG. Type II showed no laryngospasm, but strong contraction was noted initially and followed by some large waves by EMG. Type III showed laryngospasm that was visible to the naked eye and by EMG. 6) Peak to peak amplitude differences of TA muscle were significantly increased statistically in all age groups. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the LCR is an age-dependent response which is absent in very young puppies before 2 weeks and appears after that age. Thus, it has important implications that postnatal neural maturation may influence laryngeal reflex to some extent.
Apnea ; Deglutition ; Depression ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperventilation ; Laryngeal Mucosa ; Laryngeal Nerves ; Laryngismus ; Milk ; Mucous Membrane ; Muscle Contraction ; Reflex ; Respiration ; Stimulation, Chemical ; Sudden Infant Death ; Water

No abstract available.
Humans