Delayed emergence of speech or language are frequent causes for concern about development during early childhood. Delay in evaluation and proper management until school entry in more likely to result in frustration, anxiety and school failure. Many language disturbances and their attendant behavior disorders respond to intensive language therapy. Authors analyzed the medical records of 52 children with delayed language development evaluated during 30 months from January 1986 through June 1988. The results were as follows: 1. The majority of cases were evaluated at the age of 2-2.9 year old (16 cases, 30.8%) and 3-3.9 year old (11 cases, 21.2%) 2. Male to female ratio was 3:1 3. The most common cause was mental retardation (53.8%), followed by developmental language disorder (23.1%) and autism (13.5%) 4. The most common associated condition was dysarticulation (17.3%), followed by strabismus (9.6%) and seizures (7.7%) 5. Special education was recommended in cases of 23 (44.2%), speech therapy in 12 cases (23.1%) and consultation to child psychiatry in 7 cases (13.5%) Making diagnosis of underlying disorders in not simple because assessment of intelligence in young children in difficult and only a few tests are standardized. More detailed study on children with delayed language development and development of psychometric tests for handicapped children are necessary, especially in Korea.
Anxiety ; Autistic Disorder ; Child Psychiatry ; Child* ; Clinical Study* ; Diagnosis ; Disabled Children ; Education, Special ; Female ; Frustration ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Intelligence ; Korea ; Language Development Disorders ; Language Development* ; Language Therapy ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mental Disorders ; Psychometrics ; Seizures ; Speech Therapy ; Strabismus

To make better clinical diagnosis, authors reviewed 9 patients of nonchromosomal multiple malformation disorders with psychomotor retardation, who were evaluated at pediatric department of Yeungnam University hospital for recent 2 years. We could make clinical diagnosis in 5 patients out of 9 as Aarskog syndrome, BeckwithWiedemann syndrome, Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, Rubinstein Taybi syndrome and Weaver syndrome. But even in diagnosed cases, there were many discrepant findings in comparison with typical cases of reference literatures and family history was positive in only one case. Moreover we could not make diagnosis in 4 patients. Therefore we think it is necessary to make a survey of unique pattern, incidence, distribution and etiologic factors of malformation disorders in our country by geneticist and pediatrician as well as to improve the laboratory aids for better diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Diagnosis ; Genetic Counseling ; Hallermann's Syndrome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

Neonatal and obstetrical problems related to the low birth weight infants were evaluated by a retrospective review of the medical records of the 186 low birth weight infants born at Yeungnam University Hospital during 3 years and 8 months from May 1, 1983 to February 28, 1987. The results were as follows: 1. The incidence of the low birth weight infants was 4.98% among 3,803 live births. 2. Male to female ratio was 1.02:1. 3. The incidence of the low birth weight infants was lowest in mothers of 25 to 29 years, increased in mothers of 19 years of less and 30 to 39 years significantly. 4. There was no difference in the incidence of low birth weight infants between primiparous and multiparous mothers. 5. Common obstetrical complications associated with low weight infants were multiple pregnancy, toxemia and premature rupture of membrane in order of frequency. 6. Common neonatal problems in low birth weight infants were jaundice, idiopathic respiratory, distress syndrome, asphyxia and metabolic derangement such as hypocalcemia and hypoglycemia in order of frequency.
Asphyxia ; Clinical Study* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Live Birth ; Male ; Medical Records ; Membranes ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Toxemia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the meaning of pregnant women's experiences with drinking alcohol during first trimester of pregnancy METHODS: The data were collected through in-depth interviews of 7 pregnant women who drank alcohol in the first trimester. Giorgi's phenomenological method was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Findings included 6 main themes and 14 themes. The main themes concerning pregnancy and drinking were: ‘Open attitude in drinking, History of drinking in family or spouse, Seeking information in how drinking affects pregnancy, Regret not doing planned pregnancy and not quitting drinking before pregnancy, Willing to stop drinking until the child birth, Awareness about importance of preconception care. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide a deeper understanding of pregnant women's experiences of drinking alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy. These results can be used in the development of strategies to prevent drinking alcohol during first trimester and to support preconception care and prenatal care.
Binge Drinking ; Child ; Drinking* ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Parturition ; Preconception Care ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women* ; Prenatal Care ; Spouses ; Statistics as Topic

The purpose of this study was to analyze and identify the higher-grade primary school children's needs for sexual education. We got the data with open question from 481 children from March to July 1999. We analyzed them according to the framework suggested by the Sex Information and Education Council of USA. The framework involves the six domains such as human development, relationship, personal skills, sexual behavior, sexual health, and society & culture. In the analysis of need for sexual education according to domain, need for human development was highest (79.2 %), after that followed society & culture (8.3 %), sexual health (5.8%), sexual behavior (3.6%), and relationships (3.1%). There was no need for personal skills. By topics, there were needs for puberty (38.0%), reproduction (32.5%), gender roles (6.0%), body image (4.9%), sexual abuse (2.4%) and reproductive health (2.4%). Girls and boys all mostly wanted to know human development 41.0 % and 38.2 % each. Society & culture (3.4 %), sexual behaviour (2.7%), sexual health (2.6%), relationship (2.4%) were domains selected by boys. Girls wanted to know society & culture (4.9%) and 'sexual health (3.2%). Comparing by grade, fourth, fifth and sixth grade children are commonly interested in development, society & culture. Fourth grade children scarcely show attention on the relationship, sexual behaviour and sexual health; meanwhile sixth grade children would like to know sexual behaviour and sexual health. When their grade became higher, they would like to know more precise, concrete and deep information. We suggest that the textbook/guidebook for sexual health for the higher-grade primary school children should be developed considering the sex and grade.
Adolescent ; Body Image ; Child* ; Education* ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Human Development ; Humans ; Puberty ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sex Offenses ; Sexual Behavior ; Child Health

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between disease progression and expression of c-erbB-2 and S-100 protein positive dendritic cells in Cervical cancer. STUDY DESIGN: Tissues were analyzed from 100 patients. Each of them had invasive carcinoma(44), microinvasive(12), CIS(33), CIN(II) before treatment, c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell were confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. (Avidin-biotin complex method) RESULTS: C-erbB-2 immunostaining was significantly associated with disease progression (p<0.05). In case of CIN I, there was not noted stained specimen but in case of invasive carcinoma, 24 cases of stained specimen were noted. S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.(p>0.05) CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, c-erbB-2 is possible factor in Carcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma with progression of it. and S-100 protein positive dendritic cell was not associated with disease progression of cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Dendritic Cells* ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; S100 Proteins* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Tatbion is a tripeptide, reduced form of Glutathione(GSH or p-glutamyl-cysteiny1 -glycine). Glutathione(SH compound)is believed to inhibit melanin formation by combining witb the copper in tyrnsinase whicb is essential in the conversion of tyrosine to DOPA (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and DOPA to DOPA-quinone or by forming cornplex with the intermediate in the tyrosine-to-melaa.in reaction. The effect of Tathion in the treatment of melasma has not been reported in Korea. We have observed the effect of Tatbion in 150 patients with melasma. After the average duration of Gwks of treatment(50-100mg tree tirnes/daily), we were abIe to grade the results as follow. Excellent(Pigmentation almost disappeared): 17. 4 % Good (Pigmentation markedly improved): 56. 7% Fair (Pigmentation slightly improved: 7. 3% None (No effect) : 18.6% The result showed relatively good effects of Tathion in the treatment of 122pts (81.4%) with melasma in total. The brief review of literature on the treatment of melasma was undertaken.
Copper ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Glutathione* ; Humans ; Korea ; Melanins ; Melanosis* ; Tyrosine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promotion behavior of fire officers in Korea. METHODS: It was a descriptive study. The subjects were comprised of 104 fire officers by self-reported questionnaires from January to February 2012. The instruments used for this study were a health belief, self-efficacy and health promotion lifestyle profile II. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: The scores of health promotion behavior of fire officers were 2.76 (on a 4-point scale) and of health belief were 2.98 (on a 4-point scale), followed by perceived benefits at 3.45, perceived seriousness at 3.02, perceived sensitiveness at 2.82, perceived barriers at 2.23, and self-efficacy at 3.04 (on a 4-point scale). The health promotion behavior was very closely correlated with the health belief (r=0.49, p<.001). In the sub region, perceived benefit was correlated (r=0.28 p=.005) and the perceived seriousness (r=0.38, p<.001), the perceived sensitiveness (r=0.36, p<.001), and self-efficacy (r=0.55, p<.001) were correlated. Two significant variables influencing health promotion behavior of fire officer were self-efficacy and perceived seriousness (explained 41.0%). CONCLUSION: It suggested that self-efficacy and perceived seriousness should be considered when developing a fire officers's health promoting program.
Fires ; Health Promotion ; Life Style ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Lipoma is one of the unusual benign breast neoplasms and usually manifests at fatty breast of women at the age of 40 to 60. We experienced a case of large breast lipoma nearly replacing the whole left breast parenchymal tissue with mammographic finding of well-defined radiolucent mass, sonographic finding of hyperechoic mass with disorganized echopattern and computerized tomographic finding of very low attenuation mass, characteristic to adipose tissue, in a young woman of her dense breast.
Adipose Tissue ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify body image changes and physical suffering during radiotherapy among breast cancer patients following breast conserving operations and establish correlations between the two. METHODS: Twenty seven patients were recruited in this survey design. Patient interviews and patient-reported questionnaires were used to collect data from March 1 to July 30, 2013. The questionnaire included 18 items about body image and 10 items about physical suffering. RESULTS: Patients' body image during radiotherapy following breast conserving operation turned significantly negative. Likewise, patients' physical suffering increased significantly during radiotherapy. Body image and physical suffering were inversely correlated (p=.031). CONCLUSION: Breast cancer patients receiving radiotherapy following breast conserving operations go through changes in body image. Timely and proper interventions for physical suffering during radiotherapy would help to set up and maintain a positive body image.
Body Image* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Radiotherapy* ; Surveys and Questionnaires