No abstract available.
Breast* ; Jaundice* ; Milk, Human*

This was designed to identify the relationship of perceived stress, ways of coping, and stress response in student nurses. The subjects of this study were 320 student nurses from two universities and three junior colleges located in Seoul. The data were collected from November 28 to December 10, 1997 by a questionnaire survey method. The instruments for this study were the perceived stress scale developed by Levenstein(1993), ways of coping scale developed by Lazarus and Folkman(1984), and the stress response scale developed by Choi(1991). The data were analyzed by SAS program, using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The mean score for the level of perceived stress was 2.55. 2. The mean score for the level of problem oriented coping was 1.61 and the mean score for the level of emotional oriented coping was 1.37. 3. The mean score for the level of stress response was 3.74. Stress was classified into nine factors and the order of scoring for the most frequent was; assignments(3.98), as a nurse(3.97), interpersonal relationship(3.88). 4. The relationship between perceived stress and stress response revealed a positive significant correlation(r=0.23, p=0.0001). 5. The relationship between emotional oriented coping and stress response revealed a positive significant correlation(r=0.22, p=0.0001). 6. The relationship between perceived stress and emotional oriented coping revealed a positive significant correlations(r=0.13, p=0.020). In conclusion, this study revealed that the level of perceived stress and ways of coping were important factors influencing the stress response of student nurses. Therefore, in consideration of perceived stress, ways of coping should be included in the development of a stress management program for student nurses. Further research with an expanded area and subjects is recommended.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Physicians, Family*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Tuberculosis*

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes. The lifetime prevalence of DPN is thought to be >50%, and 15%–25% of patients with diabetes experience neuropathic pain, referred to as “painful DPN.” Appropriate treatment of painful DPN is important because this pain contributes to a poor quality of life by causing sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression. The basic principle for the management of painful DPN is to control hyperglycemia and other modifiable risk factors, but these may be insufficient for preventing or improving DPN. Because there is no promising diseasemodifying medication for DPN, the pain itself needs to be managed when treating painful DPN. Drugs for neuropathic pain, such as gabapentinoids, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, alpha-lipoic acid, sodium channel blockers, and topical capsaicin, are used for the management of painful DPN. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved pregabalin, duloxetine, tapentadol, and the 8% capsaicin patch as drugs for the treatment of painful DPN. Recently, spinal cord stimulation using electrical stimulation is approved by the FDA for the treatment for painful DPN. This review describes the currently available pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for painful DPN.

We report a 18 years old man of brainstem encephalitis with acute ataxia, areflexia and gaze evoked vertical and horizontal nystagmus which is mimicking Miller Fisher syndrome. He had evidences of both peripheral neuropathy in nerve conduction studies and a brainstem encephalitis in MR findings. The possible relationship of the Miller Fisher syndrome and brainstem encephalitis are discussed with brief review of literature.
Adolescent ; Ataxia ; Brain Stem* ; Encephalitis* ; Humans ; Miller Fisher Syndrome* ; Neural Conduction ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

High dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy can improve the clinical course of several immune mediciated diseases. We evaluated clinical effects and side effects of IVIg in Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). 19 Patients with GBS were studied prospectively in a placebo-controlled trial. 11 Patients were received high dose IVIg (400mg/kg for 5 days) and controls received only conservative treatment. The disability scores using modified Rankin scores before and after treatment of each group were compared. Four weaks later, mean Rankin Score of IVIg group was 2.5 + 0.7 and control group was 3.3+ 0.5which showed significant difference(p<0.05). There were no serious advers effer of promote early improvement with safety in acute phase of Guillan-Barre syndrome.
Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Prospective Studies

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the knowledge and performance of sleep hygiene among nurses with shift work schedules and examine the influence on sleep disturbance. Methods: A total of 199 shift-work nurses from a tertiary hospital were included in the study. To examine the knowledge and performance of sleep hygiene, the participants were asked to respond to a self-reported survey. To assess sleep disturbance, the General Sleep Disturbance Scale was used. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were applied using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program to analyze the data. Results: Both the knowledge and performance of sleep hygiene among nurses with shift work schedules were measured at a moderate level. Nurses’ knowledge and the performance of sleep hygiene was not significantly associated with sleep disturbance, whereas age, experience with shift-working, and perceived health status were significantly associated. Conclusion Strategies for providing more accurate information and motivating better sleep hygiene would help to enhance sleep hygiene in nurses with shift work schedules. Further studies examining the association of knowledge and the performance of sleep hygiene with sleep disturbances in nurses with shift work schedules are needed.