1.Evaluation of Medium Preparations for Temporomandibular Joint Disc Chondrocytes.
Seung Kyu HAN ; Woo Kyung KIM ; Mark E MASON
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1999;26(4):683-688
Recent advances in cell culture and tissue engineering permit the successful treatment of deep articular defects with autologous chondrocyte transplantation. While chondrocyte culturing from articular cartilage is commonplace, in vitro growth of chondrocytes from temporomandibular joint fibrocartilage has not been defined. Likewise, the concept of autologous chondrocyte transplantation has not been applied to the temporomandibular joint. Since fibrocartilage differs structurally and functionally from articular cartilage, an effective culturing method for this tissue is essential as well. The ultimate goal of this project is to enable the use of autologous temporomandibular joint chondrocyte transplantation for the regeneration of damaged or missing components of the joint. The aim of this pilot study is to develop an effective cell culturing technique for chondrocytes harvested from the temporomandibular joint disc of dogs. Cartilage of the temporomandibular joint disc of drug-free mongrel dogs was dissected, dissociated, and centrifuged for chondrocyte collection. Blood specimen was collected from the same animal to produce the autologous serum. Chondrocytes were then dispersed in 24-well plates and incubated in one of four media, DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium), Ham's F-12, DMEM/F-12, or Iscove's MDM(modified Dulbecco's medium). Each medium was also mixed with either 10% fetal bovine serum or 10% autologous serum. Temporomandibular joint disc chondrocytic proliferation was tested in all the culture media with sera on the fifth day. The initial plating count was held constant throughout at 1 x 10(4) cells/well and eight samples were evaluated in each culture. The results demonstrated that fetal bovine serum worked much better than autologous serum in all evaluated media and that DMEM/F-12 mixed with 10% fetal bovine serum was the most optimal culture condition for expansion of temporomandibular joint disc chondrocytes.
Animals
;
Cartilage
;
Cartilage, Articular
;
Cell Culture Techniques
;
Chondrocytes
;
Culture Media
;
Dogs
;
Fibrocartilage
;
Joints
;
Pilot Projects
;
Regeneration
;
Temporomandibular Joint Disc*
;
Temporomandibular Joint*
;
Tissue Engineering
2.Effect of anti-rheumatic agents on periodontal parameters and biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ji Young HAN ; Mark A REYNOLDS
Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science 2012;42(1):3-12
PURPOSE: Anti-rheumatic agents target common molecular pathways of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effect of anti-rheumatic agents on the levels of inflammatory biomarkers and periodontal inflammation in RA patients with periodontitis. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of studies comparing periodontal parameters of inflammation, such as bleeding on probing, and biomarkers of inflammation in RA patients with periodontitis and healthy adults with and without periodontitis. The search included the electronic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar, inclusive through October 2011, with no language restrictions. Hand searches were conducted of the bibliographies of related journals and systematic reviews. Observational and interventional studies assessing the effects of antirheumatic therapy qualified for inclusion. Two reviewers performed independent data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment. Of the 187 identified publications, 13 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: When compared to healthy adults without periodontitis, RA subjects were found to have significantly higher levels of bleeding on probing and limited evidence of higher levels of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva. No consistent differences were found in periodontal parameters and inflammatory biomarkers between RA subjects and adults with periodontitis. Studies evaluating the effect of anti-TNF-alpha therapy in RA subjects with periodontitis have yielded inconsistent results. CONCLUSIONS: There are limited data, however, to suggest that anti-TNF-alpha agents can reduce local production of inflammatory cytokines and periodontal inflammation in RA patients with periodontitis.
Adult
;
Antirheumatic Agents
;
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
;
Biomarkers
;
Cytokines
;
Electronics
;
Electrons
;
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
;
Hand
;
Hemorrhage
;
Humans
;
Inflammation
;
Interleukin-1beta
;
Periodontitis
;
Saliva
;
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
4.Geographical Imbalances: Migration Patterns of New Graduate Nurses and Factors Related to Working in Non-Metropolitan Hospitals.
Sung Hyun CHO ; Ji Yun LEE ; Barbara A MARK ; Han Yi LEE
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2012;42(7):1019-1026
PURPOSE: To examine geographical imbalances by analyzing new graduate nurses' migration patterns among regions where they grew up, attended nursing school, and had their first employment and to identify factors related to working in non-metropolitan areas. METHODS: The sample consisted of 507 new graduates working in hospitals as full-time registered nurses in South Korea. Migration patterns were categorized into 5 patterns based on sequential transitions of "geographic origin-nursing school-hospital." Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with working in non-metropolitan hospitals. RESULTS: Nurses who grew up, graduated, and worked in the same region accounted for the greatest proportion (54%). Sixty-five percent had their first employment in the region where they graduated. Nurses tended to move from poor to rich regions and from non-metropolitan to metropolitan areas. Working in non-metropolitan hospitals was related to older age, the father having completed less than 4 years of college education, non-metropolitan origin, non-capital city school graduation, and a diploma (vs. baccalaureate) degree. CONCLUSION: Admitting students with rural backgrounds, increasing rural nursing school admission capacities, and providing service-requiring scholarships, particularly for students from low-income families, are recommended to address geographical imbalances.
Adult
;
Attitude of Health Personnel
;
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate
;
Employment
;
Female
;
Hospitals, Rural
;
Hospitals, Urban
;
Humans
;
Logistic Models
;
Male
;
Nursing Staff, Hospital/*psychology
;
Poverty
;
Professional Practice Location
5.Fluoride Induces a Volume Reduction in CA1 Hippocampal Slices Via MAP Kinase Pathway Through Volume Regulated Anion Channels.
Jaekwang LEE ; Young Eun HAN ; Oleg FAVOROV ; Mark TOMMERDAHL ; Barry WHITSEL ; C Justin LEE
Experimental Neurobiology 2016;25(2):72-78
Regulation of cell volume is an important aspect of cellular homeostasis during neural activity. This volume regulation is thought to be mediated by activation of specific transporters, aquaporin, and volume regulated anion channels (VRAC). In cultured astrocytes, it was reported that swelling-induced mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation is required to open VRAC, which are thought to be important in regulatory volume decrease and in the response of CNS to trauma and excitotoxicity. It has been also described that sodium fluoride (NaF), a recognized G-protein activator and protein phosphatase inhibitor, leads to a significant MAP kinase activation in endothelial cells. However, NaF's effect in volume regulation in the brain is not known yet. Here, we investigated the mechanism of NaF-induced volume change in rat and mouse hippocampal slices using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) recording, in which we measured relative changes in intracellular and extracellular volume as changes in light transmittance through brain slices. We found that NaF (1~5 mM) application induced a reduction in light transmittance (decreased volume) in CA1 hippocampus, which was completely reversed by MAP kinase inhibitor U0126 (10 µM). We also observed that NaF-induced volume reduction was blocked by anion channel blockers, suggesting that NaF-induced volume reduction could be mediated by VRAC. Overall, our results propose a novel molecular mechanism of NaF-induced volume reduction via MAP kinase signaling pathway by activation of VRAC.
Animals
;
Astrocytes
;
Brain
;
Cell Size
;
Endothelial Cells
;
Fluorides*
;
GTP-Binding Proteins
;
Hippocampus
;
Homeostasis
;
Mice
;
Phosphotransferases*
;
Rats
;
Sodium Fluoride
6.Fluoride Induces a Volume Reduction in CA1 Hippocampal Slices Via MAP Kinase Pathway Through Volume Regulated Anion Channels.
Jaekwang LEE ; Young Eun HAN ; Oleg FAVOROV ; Mark TOMMERDAHL ; Barry WHITSEL ; C Justin LEE
Experimental Neurobiology 2016;25(2):72-78
Regulation of cell volume is an important aspect of cellular homeostasis during neural activity. This volume regulation is thought to be mediated by activation of specific transporters, aquaporin, and volume regulated anion channels (VRAC). In cultured astrocytes, it was reported that swelling-induced mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation is required to open VRAC, which are thought to be important in regulatory volume decrease and in the response of CNS to trauma and excitotoxicity. It has been also described that sodium fluoride (NaF), a recognized G-protein activator and protein phosphatase inhibitor, leads to a significant MAP kinase activation in endothelial cells. However, NaF's effect in volume regulation in the brain is not known yet. Here, we investigated the mechanism of NaF-induced volume change in rat and mouse hippocampal slices using intrinsic optical signal (IOS) recording, in which we measured relative changes in intracellular and extracellular volume as changes in light transmittance through brain slices. We found that NaF (1~5 mM) application induced a reduction in light transmittance (decreased volume) in CA1 hippocampus, which was completely reversed by MAP kinase inhibitor U0126 (10 µM). We also observed that NaF-induced volume reduction was blocked by anion channel blockers, suggesting that NaF-induced volume reduction could be mediated by VRAC. Overall, our results propose a novel molecular mechanism of NaF-induced volume reduction via MAP kinase signaling pathway by activation of VRAC.
Animals
;
Astrocytes
;
Brain
;
Cell Size
;
Endothelial Cells
;
Fluorides*
;
GTP-Binding Proteins
;
Hippocampus
;
Homeostasis
;
Mice
;
Phosphotransferases*
;
Rats
;
Sodium Fluoride
7.Loss of Red Cell A Antigen in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Jin Hee CHO ; Mina HUR ; Hee Won MOON ; Yeo Min YUN ; Mark Hong LEE ; Sung Hee HAN
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion 2011;22(3):277-283
Red cell antigens, A, B, and H can be weakened or lost especially in patients with hematologic malignancies. We report a 42-year-old female patient with acute myeloid leukemia, who showed loss of A antigen on her red cells. She showed the persistence of leukemia in spite of three cycles of induction chemotherapy. Her ABO blood group showed a discrepancy: the cell type was O and the serum type was A. Adsorption/elution test could not identify the presence of A antigen on her red cells, and the test for A and B transferases was negative. ABO genotyping using PCR/restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene demonstrated 467 C>T substitution in exon 7 and confirmed the genotype of A102/O01. She was transfused with leukapheresis products collected from donors with blood group A, but expired of severe sepsis. This is the first Korean case, in which red cell A antigen loss was genetically proven using sequencing, and underscores the necessity of ABO genotyping to solve the ABO discrepancy and to transfuse effectively.
Adult
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Exons
;
Female
;
Genotype
;
Hematologic Neoplasms
;
Humans
;
Induction Chemotherapy
;
Leukapheresis
;
Leukemia
;
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
;
Sepsis
;
Tissue Donors
;
Transferases
8.The effect of diabetes and prediabetes on the prevalence, complications and mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Cheng Han NG ; Kai En CHAN ; Yip Han CHIN ; Rebecca Wenling ZENG ; Pei Chen TSAI ; Wen Hui LIM ; Darren Jun Hao TAN ; Chin Meng KHOO ; Lay Hoon GOH ; Zheng Jye LING ; Anand KULKARNI ; Lung-Yi Loey MAK ; Daniel Q HUANG ; Mark CHAN ; Nicholas WS CHEW ; Mohammad Shadab SIDDIQUI ; Arun J. SANYAL ; Mark MUTHIAH
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2022;28(3):565-574
Background/Aims:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with diabetes. The cumulative impact of both diseases synergistically increases risk of adverse events. However, present population analysis is predominantly conducted with reference to non-NAFLD individuals and has not yet examined the impact of prediabetes. Hence, we sought to conduct a retrospective analysis on the impact of diabetic status in NAFLD patients, referencing non-diabetic NAFLD individuals.
Methods:
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 was used. Hepatic steatosis was defined with United States Fatty Liver Index (US-FLI) and FLI at a cut-off of 30 and 60 respectively, in absence of substantial alcohol use. A multivariate generalized linear model was used for risk ratios of binary outcomes while survival analysis was conducted with Cox regression and Fine Gray model for competing risk.
Results:
Of 32,234 patients, 28.92% were identified to have NAFLD. 36.04%, 38.32% and 25.63% were non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic respectively. Diabetic NAFLD significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, chronic kidney disease, all-cause and CVD mortality compared to non-diabetic NAFLD. However, prediabetic NAFLD only significantly increased the risk of CVD and did not result in a higher risk of mortality.
Conclusions
Given the increased risk of adverse outcomes, this study highlights the importance of regular diabetes screening in NAFLD and adoption of prompt lifestyle modifications to reduce disease progression. Facing high cardiovascular burden, prediabetic and diabetic NAFLD individuals can benefit from early cardiovascular referrals to reduce risk of CVD events and mortality.
9.Serum Prohepcidin Levels in Helicobacter Pylori Infected Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Sun Young LEE ; Eun Young SONG ; Yeo Min YUN ; So Young YOON ; Yo Han CHO ; Sung Yong KIM ; Mark Hong LEE
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2010;25(2):195-200
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection appears to subvert the human iron regulatory mechanism and thus upregulates hepcidin, resulting in unexplained iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). We evaluated serum prohepcidin levels before and after eradication of H. pylori in IDA patients to assess whether it plays a role in IDA related to H. pylori infection. METHODS: Subjects diagnosed with unexplained IDA underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy to confirm H. pylori infection and to exclude gastrointestinal bleeding. Blood was sampled before treatment to eradicate H. pylori and again 1 month later. Serum prohepcidin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS: Serum prohepcidin levels decreased significantly after oral iron replacement combined with H. pylori eradication (p = 0.011). The reduction ratio of serum prohepcidin levels after the treatment did not differ among the combined oral iron replacement and H. pylori eradication groups, the H. pylori eradication only group, and the iron replacement only group (p = 0.894). CONCLUSIONS: Serum prohepcidin levels decrease after both H. pylori eradication and oral iron administration, with improvement in IDA. Serum concentration of prohepcidin is related to the anemia status, rather than to the current status of H. pylori infection, in IDA patients.
Administration, Oral
;
Adult
;
Aged
;
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/*blood/drug therapy/*microbiology
;
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*blood
;
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
;
Female
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Helicobacter Infections/*blood/*complications/pathology
;
*Helicobacter pylori
;
Humans
;
Iron/administration & dosage
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Prospective Studies
;
Protein Precursors/*blood
;
Severity of Illness Index
10.Altered Renal Sodium Transporter Expression in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Yun Kyu OH ; Kwon Wook JOO ; Jay Wook LEE ; Un Sil JEON ; Chun Soo LIM ; Jin Suk HAN ; Mark A KNEPPER ; Ki Young NA
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2007;22(6):1034-1041
Hemodynamic factors play an important role in the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesized that renal sodium transporter dysregulation might contribute to the hemodynamic alterations in diabetic nephropathy. Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were used as an animal model for type 2 diabetes. Long Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats were used as controls. Renal sodium transporter regulation was investigated by semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry of the kidneys of 40-week-old animals. The mean serum glucose level in OLETF rats was increased to 235+/-25 mg/dL at 25 weeks, and the hyperglycemia continued up to the end of 40 weeks. Urine protein/ creatinine ratios were 10 times higher in OLETF rats than in LETO rats. At 40th week, the abundance of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) beta-subunit was increased in OLETF rats, but the abundance of the ENaC gamma-subunit was decreased. No significant differences were observed in the ENaC alpha-subunit or other major sodium transporters. Immunohistochemistry for the ENaC beta-subunit showed increased immunoreactivity in OLETF rats, whereas the ENaC gamma-subunit showed reduced immunoreactivity in these rats. In OLETF rats, ENaC beta-subunit upregulation and ENaC gamma-subunit downregulation after the development of diabetic nephropathy may reflect an abnormal sodium balance.
Animals
;
Blood Glucose/analysis
;
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism
;
*Disease Models, Animal
;
Epithelial Sodium Channel/*analysis
;
Hypertension/complications
;
Immunoblotting
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Kidney/*metabolism
;
Male
;
Rats
;
Sodium/*metabolism
;
Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/genetics
;
Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/genetics