Aim To study the anticonvulsive and antiepileptic mechanism of ?-asarone.Methods ?-asarone was intraperitoneally injected (ip) in mice and acute epileptic mouse models were made after 30 min.Change of ATPase,index of antioxidation,and variation of amino acid (AA) contents in brain of epileptic mice were used to investigate ?-asarone′s anticonvulsive and antiepileptic mechanism.Results For ?-asarone treated epileptic mice,when compared with model group,glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid (Glu/GABA) was greatly decreased (P

Animals ; Arginine ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Hypertension ; etiology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVEThis paper aimed to determine the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12) p35, IL-12p40, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATcl), receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB (RANK), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in murine macrophages infected by a periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid. Another aim was to investigate the effects of a periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid on the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts.

METHODSInflammatory periodontal tissue samples of chronic periodontitis patients were taken during periodontal flap surgery, and healthy gingival tissue samples were taken from orthodontic patients during tooth extractions. Total RNA from periodontal tissue was extracted and reversely transcribed into cDNA and then cryo-preserved until further use. First, specific sequence oligodeoxynucleotide MT0I at a concentration of 1 µg · mL⁻¹ was added in murine macrophage RAW264.7, and the cells were incubated for 3 hours. Cells with PBS (1 µg · mL⁻¹) were used as negative controls. The inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA and healthy periodontal tissue cDNA (1 µg · mL⁻¹) was added subsequently. There were four experimental groups: healthy periodontal tissue cDNA+ RAW264.7, inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7, MT01+healthy periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7, and MT01+inflammatory periodontal tissue cDNA+RAW264.7. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors IL-6, IL-12p35, IL-12p4O, MMP-9, NFATcl, RANK, and TNF-α mRNA after 3, 6, 12, and 24-hours.

RESULTSThe mRNA levels of osteoclast-related factors NFATc1, MMP-9, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p35, and RANK in RAW264.7 were markedly upregulated with the treatment of periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid. However, the mRNA expression of osteoclast-related factors was inhibited by use of an immunosuppressant MT01.

CONCLUSIONThe periodontitis patient's own tissue nucleic acid could promote the differentiation of murine macrophage into osteoclasts.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 ; Interleukin-6 ; Macrophages ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; Mice ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; Periodontitis ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Objective:To investigate the purification of antibacterial effective fraction of Syringae folium by macroporous resins. Methods:Static adsorption and desorption tests were carried out to screen the macroporous resins. The desorption experiment was per-formed on the selected D101 resin to optimize the separation process. The effects of resin amount, diameter length ratio, elution flow rate, elution solution concentration and volume were studied. Results:The optimal conditions were as follows:the elution solution was 55% ethanol, the adsorption flow rate was 1 BV·h-1 , the elution flow rate was 5 BV·h-1 , 6 BV 25% ethanol was used to eliminate impurity and 8 BV 55% ethanol was used to elute to obtain the effective fraction. Conclusion: The content of antibacterial effective component is above 65% after purified by D101 resin, indicating that the present method is suitable for large-scale preparation of anti-bacterial effective fraction of Syringae folium.

Objective To investigate the expression of hepatic glucose transporter-2 ( GLUT-2 ) and glu-cokinase(GCK)after gastric bypass(GBP)in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)GK rats and to discuss the mecha-nism of GBP improving insulin resistance .Methods 30 male GK rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups:the operation group(10 rats), the sham operation group(10 rats)and the diet control group(10 rats), and 10 male SD rats aged 8 weeks were made as blank control group .The levels of fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and fasting insulin(FINS)were measured and compared among the 4 groups before and 1,2 and 4 weeks after the operation and then the rats were sacrificed to retrieve the liver .The expressions of GLUT-2 and GCK mRNA and protein were detected by PT-PCR and Western blot respectively .Results As for GK operation group ,FPG levels at the 1st, 2nd,and 4th week after surgery ((11.06 ±0.52) mmol/L,(7.49 ±0.34) mmol/L,(5.20 ±0.08) mmol/L)respectively)were all lower than that before surgery (all P<0.05),and FINS level at the 4th week after surgery increased from(11.90 ±0.75)mmol/L to(14.20 ±1.23)mmol/L(P<0.05).The expressions of GLUT-2 and GCK mRNA and protein significantly increased in GK operation group 4 weeks after surgery ( P<0.01 ) . Conclusion The expressions of hepatic GLUT-2 and GCK in insulin signal transmission in T2DM rats are up-regu-lated after GBP , which enhance the signal transmission of insulin receptor , and improves the insulin sensibility .

Objective:To investigate the effect of MT01 on the differentiation of osteoblasts under infected condition through determining the expression level of collagen Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ )mRNA in MG63 cells treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg).Methods:The cultured MG63 cells were divided into blank control,MT01,Pg, and MT01+Pg groups.MT01 at a concentration of 1 mg·L-1 was added into the MG63 cells,and the cells were incubated for 3 h.The cells treated with PBS (1 mg·L-1 )were used as control group.Then Pg (MOI=100∶1) was added.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of ColⅠ mRNA in MG63 cells at 2,4,6,8, 12 and 24 h after incubation.Results:Compared with blank control group,the levles of ColⅠ mRNA in the MG63 cells in MT01 and MT01 + Pg groups had no significant changes at 2 and 4 h (P > 0.05);the Col Ⅰ mRNA expression levels in MT01 group at 8,12 and 24 h were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with Pg group,the expression levels of ColⅠ mRNA in MT01+ Pg at 2 and 4 h were decreased,but the expression levels of ColⅠ mRNA were increased at 6,8,12 and 24 h (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Conclusion:MT01 can up-regulate the expression level of Col Ⅰ mRNA in the infected MG63 cells; MT01 could promot the differentiation of osteoblasts under infected condition.

OBJECTIVEThis aimed to investigate the effect of specific sequence oligodeoxynucleotide MT01 on the biological properties of osteoblasts invaded by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis ) by evaluating proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis.

METHODSMG63 osteoblasts were recovered and incubated with MT01, CpG ODN, metronidazole (MNZ), and gentamicin (GEN) for 3 h. P. gingivalis (the multiplicity of infection was 100:1) was added subsequently and cocultured for another 24 and 48 h. Cells with PBS comprised the blank group, whereas cells with P. gingivalis comprised the negative controls. Six experimental groups were established: PBS group, P. gingivalis group, MT01+P. gingivalis group, CpG ODN+ P. gingivalis group, MNZ+P. gingivalis group, and GEN+P. gingivalis group. The proliferative ability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the percentages of apoptosis and cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, proliferation increased significantly in the MT01+P. gingivalis group (P < 0.05). The ratio of cells was lower at the G₁ phase and higher at the S phase in the MT01+P. gingivalis group compared with the results in the P. gingivalis group (P < 0.05). Early cell apoptosis in the MT01+P. gingivalis group was significantly lower than that in the P. gingivalis group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMT01 can promote the proliferation, reduce the ratio of the G₁phase, increase the ratio of the S phase, and inhibit the early apoptosis of osteoblasts invaded by P. gingivalis.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Gentamicins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; pharmacology ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; pharmacology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; pathogenicity

To research the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycinamide-bearing compounds that used as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), P32/98 and compound A were chosen as the leading compounds, heterocycles containing nitrogen atom were introduced to form amide, and different residues on a-position of carbonyl were designed. The nineteen designed compounds were synthesized by a simple route and were evaluated as inhibitors of DPP-IV. All of the structures were characterized by 1H NMR and HRMS. The preliminary SAR result was obtained.

Objective To investigate the inducing effect of acitrotin on the growth and apoptosis of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell line SCC13 and on caspases expression.Methods Human cutaneous squa-mous cell carcinoma cell line SCC13 was treated with five different concentrations of acitrefin [5×10-7,1×10-6,5×10-6,1×10-5,5×10-5mol/L].Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay.Apoptosis was assessed by en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry.The protein expressions of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were examined with Western blot.Results Acitretin inhibited the growth ( F = 83.64,96.34 and 123.17, respectively on the first, third and fifth day)and induced the apoptosis of SCC13 cells(F=74.45,107.37,and 64.28, respectively on the first, third and fifth day) in a dose- and time-dependent manner(P<0.05).Acitretin altered cell cycle distribution of SCC13 cells as compared with controls, the G1-phase population increased by 77.66% 72 hours after acitretin treatment, while the control increased only by 63.55%.An active fragment of caspase-8 occurred following 12 hours treatment of acitretin on SCC13 cells, whereas the caspase-9 active fragment occurred 24 hours after acitretin treatment, which increased time-dependently (P<0.01).Conclusion Acitretin plays an important role on the growth inhibition and apoptosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells, which may be affected through both Fas receptor way and mitochondria way.

Objective There is a huge demand for rehabilitative services in Chongqing whereas detailed information regarding local clinical services and rehabilitative professionals are unknown. Therefore, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to generate a profile of current rehabilitative status in Chongqing for reference of relevant local parties and peers in other provinces of China to create a larger picture of rehabil-itation in China. Methods The survey began in early January of 2015 and ended on October 20th of 2015. With two categories of information, including background of rehabilitation professionals and rehabilitative clinical services, the self-made questionnaire was sent via email to rehabilitation therapists working in local clinical settings which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The reminder was sent once a month to those who did not yet replied. The software SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the data descriptively. Results 7 out of 13 in-volved clinical settings responded with an overall response rate of 53.8%. 98 out of 122 copies were adopted based on filling requirement. The result revealed 68.4%(n=67) of the participants were junior practitioners, 57.1%(n=56) of them had less than 5 years experience and 45.9%(n=45) were holding a diploma with little research experience. As for clinical services, assessment of ROM (94.9%, n=93) and manual muscle testing (94.9%, n=93) were mostly used. The physical therapy service was more prevalent than occupational therapy services. The clinical field mostly involved was adult rehabilitation (77.6%, n=76). Bedside training in the acute phase (81.6%, n=80) and one-to-one treatment (92.9%, n=91) was the most commonly seen mode of service in the departments. Conclusion The local rehabilitative professionals were featured by their young age with comparatively low educational level, qualification and weak research skills. The clinical services they provided were yet quite basic and simple. Thus, a set of policies regarding education and profession in rehabilitation therapy should be facilitated instantly and it also calls for the establishment of local academic society for rehabilitation therapists, thus promoting an all-round development of rehabilitative profession.