The mammalian TOR ( mTOR ) pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation which is also a fundamentally important player in a large variety of human diseases. The pathway regulates many key cellular processes and is implicated in a large number of pathological conditions, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, age - related diseases and other proliferative disease. It integrates signals from nutrients, energy status and growth factors to regulate many processes, including autophagy, ribosome biogenesis and metabolism. Our article reviews the advancement of laboratory results on mTOR pathway in proliferative diseases in ophthalmology.

Objective To investigate the levels of interleukin 1? (IL 1?) and tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF ?) in both serum and CSF in patients with Alzheimer's disease Methods Eleven patients with Alzheimer's disease,13 patients with vascular dementia (VD) and 13 healthy controls were analyzed by using commercial ELISA kits Results The average serum level of IL 1? was found higher in AD patients(60 13?17 81 pg/ml) than in VD patients(38 51?14 39 pg/ml) and in healthy controls(33 98?16 31 pg/ml)( P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of Weimaining capsule and XELOX regimen (oxaliplatin plus capecitabine) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients.Methods A total of 62 patients with advanced gastric cancer who fulfilled all predetermined criteria were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The 31 patients in observation group received a combination of Weimaining capsule and XELOX regimen,the 31 patients in control group received only XELOX regimen at the same dose intensity.Each patient received at least two cycles (1 cycle =21 days) of treatment,the efficacy was assessed after two cycles.Results The median time-to-progression (TTP) of observation and control groups were 5.5 and 4.8 months,respectively.The difference had no statistical significance (P =0.238).The disease control rates (DCR) of observation group was significantly improved compared with control group [67.7 ％ (21/31) vs 41.9 ％ (13/21),P ＜ 0.05],the difference was statistically significant,while the objective response rate (ORR) of the 2 groups had no statistical difference [(32.3 ％ (10/31) vs 25.8 ％ (8/31),P ＞ 0.05].In drug safety aspects,there was no Ⅴ grade adverse reactions (deaths caused by drug) among all the patients.Rates of grades Ⅱ-Ⅳ neutrocytopenia and nausea,vomiting in observation group were obviously lower than control group [16.13 ％ (5/31) vs 38.71％ (12/31),P ＜ 0.05;12.90 ％ (4/31) vs 35.48 ％ (11/31),P ＜ 0.05],other adverse reactions between the 2 groups had no statistical difference.Conclusions A combination of Weimaining capsule and XELOX regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer patients can improve DCR significantly and reduce part of adverse reaction induced by chemotherapy with satisfactory safety.This method is worthy of application widely.

Objective To study the effect of rehabilitation in stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods 31 cases with dysphagia were randomly divided into rehabilitation group (17 cases) and control group (14 cases). Two groups were given same basic therapy on the whole, while the early rehabilitation was performed on the patients in rehabilitation group three times a day for 3 weeks. We compared assessment score of dysphagia by VFSS (videofluoroscopic swallowing study), and observed serum potassium, sodium, albumin levels and the incidence of inhalation-pneumonia in two groups before and after treatment. Results VFSS score (7.2?2.1) of rehabilitation group was markedly higher than before treatment (4.0?1.9) and control group (4.7?2.1)(all P0.05).Conclusions Rehabilitation has a remarkable effect on stroke patients with dysphagia.

Objective:To explore the humanistic care model and its effects in emergency nursing.Methods:Through literature research,analysis process and interviews,we constructed the humanistic care model,formulated corresponding humanistic care nursing measures,and implemented them in clinical practice.The humanistic care satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate the effectiveness.Results:The satisfaction rate of humanistic care was improved,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion:The construction of humanistic care model can significantly improve the satisfaction of emergency patients,and the standardized process should be established in the implementation of humanistic care.

Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is defined as a kind of cardiomyopathy with cardiac dilatation and dysfunction secondary to sustained or recurrent tachyarrhythmia.Myocardial dysfunction can wholly or partially recover after control of the responsible tachyarrhythmia.TIC,a reversible acquired cardiomyopathy with generally benign prognosis,can occur at any age;however,it often proves to be unrecognized by most of pediatricians in clinical practices.Now,the clinical criteria,pathogenesis,characteristics,therapy and prognosis of pediatric TIC were summarized,so as to provide a clinical basis for early recognition and prompt therapy.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, research on tendinopathy is becoming a hot topic in the sports medicine and rehabilitation, and the extracelular matrix plays a considerable role in the occurrence, development and healing of tendinopathy.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between tendinopathy and the extracelular matrix.
METHODS: CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang, PubMed and Embase were retrieved for articles related to colagen, protein, glycoprotein and matrix remodeling published since 2000.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After tendinopathy, there are obvious changes in colagen, proteoglycans, glycoprotein and related enzymes; and these changes also affect the reconstruction and repair of tendinopathy. Currently, most of researches focus on the tendon rather than the bone-tendon junction. This means that there are no in-depth studies on the correlation between many important proteins and tendinopathy, and the effects of exercise intervention.

Two hundred and thirty-five patients of both sexes (123 male,112 female) aged 18-54 yr,weighing 35-62 kg underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot from January 1996 to July 2009 in Fuwai hospital.Direct BP, ECG,CVP,SpO2,naso-pharyngeal temperature and TEE were continuously monitored during operation.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam and/or etomidate, fentanyl and pipecuronium and maintained with isoflurane/sevoflurane inhalation and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and pipecuronium. The total amount of fentanyl administered ranged from 30-50 μg/kg. Cardiac function was supported and hemodynamic stability was maintained with vasoactive and inotropic drugs. Measures were taken to strengthen blood conservation and respiratory function support.Seven patients(2.9%) needed urgent CPB during operation because of serious cyanotic spells. Perfusion-induced lung injury occurred in 18 patients (7.6%). Circulation was assisted by ECMO in 2 patients (0.9%). Three patients (1.3%) died of serious low cardiac output and perfusion-induced lung injury.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in hypertensive patients aged 80 or over and associated risk factors at level A tertiary hospitals.Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among very old hypertensive patients (≥ 80 years) at 28level A tertiary hospitals by using questionnaire-based surveys.A total of 1298 hypertensive subjects aged between 80 and 101 years were enrolled in this study.Blood pressures was measured in the supine position and the upright position within three minutes of standing,and 316 patients were assigned to the orthostatic hypotension(OH) group and the other 982 patients to the non-orthostatic hypotension(NOH) group.Additional information was acquired through patients' medical records and the questionnaire.Results The prevalence of OH was 24.3％ (316 cases) There were no significan different betueen OH patienl with NOHones in gender and age.OH patients had higher supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P=0.003 and 0.000,respectively),lower standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure(P=0.000 and 0.000,respectively),and higher rates of past coronary heart disease,stroke and renal abnormalities (P =0.037,0.001 and 0.014,respectively) than NOH patients.Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of OH in the patients was positively correlated with supine systolic blood pressure(OR=1.196,CI:1.153-1.242,P=0.000) and supine diastolic blood pressure (OR =1.740,CI:1.602-1.885,P =0.000) and was negatively correlated with standing systolic blood pressure(OR =0.824,CI:0.795-0.855,P=0.000) and standing diastolic blood pressure (OR =0.584,CI:0.539-0.634,P =0.000).Conclusions The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension is high in hypertensive patients aged 80 years or over at level A tertiary hospitals.Poor blood pressure control may increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and related factors of nasal surgery combined with upper air way radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) with chronic nasal blockage. METHOD: One hundred and three mild or moderate OSAHS patients with chronic nasal blockage were recruited, all cases had nasal surgery and upper airway RFA. All patients were evaluated by body mass index (BMI), Epworth sleep scale (ESS), snoring scale, and nocturnal polysomnography (PSG). Eighty-nine patients were reevaluated at least 6 months after surgery with the preoperative methods. RESULT: After operation, the apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) decreased from (18.67 +/- 9.48)/h to (9.22 +/- 7.18)/h; the lowest artery oxygen saturation (LSaO2) increased from (0.83 +/- 0.08) to (0.92 +/- 0.06); the Epworth sleep scale(ESS) decreased from (8.74 +/- 5.67) to (5.12 +/- 3.74); the snoring scale decreased from (7.16 +/- 2.85) to (3.56 +/- 2.26), the percentage of time with oxyhemoglobin saturation below 0.90 (CT90) decreased from (18.64 +/- 12.98) to (10.73 +/- 8.29). All of the differences were obvious (P<0.01). Success was defined as a postoperative apnea-hypopnea in dex < 10 events per hour and at least 50% less than the preoperative value. The surgical success rate was 75.3% (67/89). No major perioperative complications occurred. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that nasal surgery combined with upper airway RFA can improve snoring and disease-specific quality of life in patients with anatomic na sal obstruction with mild or moderate OSAHS.
Adult ; Catheter Ablation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Septum ; surgery ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; surgery ; Snoring ; surgery ; Turbinates ; surgery