Prostate cancer represents one of the most common cancer in men, and the treatment of castrate refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) is still a challenge in the clinical practice,as there are few effective therapies to lengthen patients life.Nowadays,with the expansion of knowledge regarding the biology of CRPC,many novel approaches which are currently in development yielded promising results in the clinical setting for patients.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology for the polysaccharides from Rhizoma Bletiliae.METHO-DS:The impacts of grinding particle size,the extraction time and temperature on the extraction technology was studied by orthogonal experiment with the extracting rate of striata polysaccharides as markers.RESULTS:The optimum extraction condition was to add 8,6 and 4 times purified water respectively to Rhizoma Bletiliae powder and extract at 90 ℃ for 3∶2∶2 hours respectively.CONCLUSION:The extraction technique is stable and feasible and the quality of the polysaccharides is controllable.

The National Health and Family Planning Commission of China together with State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued Regulations on Cost Accounting for Public Hospitals at County Level in order to promote the comprehensive reforms of county level public hospitals and regulate cost accounting.The issu-ance of the Regulations provides operation guidance on cost accounting at county level public hospitals, specifies divi-sion of responsibility for cost accounting, lays out details of implementation, and emphasizes the importance of achie-ving cost accounting through the use of information technologies.The Regulations incorporates many impressive terms, forming the foundation for effective cost accounting at county level public hospitals.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological data of the minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of the cervix, and to provide evidence based medicine for diagnosis and treatment. Methods Clinical case reports about MDA or malignant adenoma during 1980-2014 published on CNKI, WanFang, CBM, WeiPu and Medline were retrieved and combined with 2 case with the same diagnosis and treatment. Results Age of onset was 20-86 years old, and the average age was 44.8 years, with median age of 44.5 years. Clinical symptoms of MDA showed massive vaginal apocenosis or irregular bleeding. Gynecological examination common showed cervical hypertrophic and harden. The positive rate of cervical cytology examination was 9.73% (11/113). MDA diagnosed by cervical biopsy and conization accounted for 58.38% (108/185). Immunohistochemical showed that the positive rates of carcinoembryonic antigen, P53 and Ki-67 were 93.91%(108/115), 75.44%(43/57)and 100.00% (42/42). Main operation assisted with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, early diagnosis, clinical stage and operation methods played important roles in the prognosis. Conclusions The clinical symptoms and physical signs are not obvious for MDA which is difficult to diagnose, so it is easy to diagnose mistakenly and misdiagnose also. The positive rate of cervical cytology is usually lower, repeated and deep cervical biopsy or conization combined with immunohistochemistry can improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The individualized treatment should be selected according to clinical stage for the patients who were confirmed preoperatively.

Objective To discuss and analyze the reliability and validity of the application Chinese version of Caregiver Grief Scale (CGS) on caregivers of patients with advanced hepatocarcinoma. Methods To translate the original English scale into Chinese and adapt it to the culture of China, forming a Chinese CGS. Totally 330 patients were selected with advanced hepatocarcinoma who were hospitalized in a gradeⅢ, class A hospital by the convenient sampling method. They were carried out exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis respectively. Results For Chinese CGS, the critical value of every purpose has statistical significance (P < 0.05) by comparison. Exploratory factor analysis showed:KMO value was 0.923;Bartlett's sphericity test value was 794.31;cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.532%;four common factors can be extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the structural model of the scale was good: χ2/d?=1.11<3.0,goodness of fit index=0.995,root mean square error of approximation=0.021,adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.968,normed fit index=0.973, comparative fit index=0.957,Tucker-Lewis index=0.993,incremental fit index=0.943. Each correlation coefficient of the scale has statistical significance and expert validity is between 0.832 and 0.973. Reliability analysis shows that the total Cronbach'sαof the scale was 0.908;Cronbach'sαcoefficient of every dimension was between 0.896 and 0.913; Guttman's split-half reliability was 0.917; test-retest reliability was 0.831. ROC curve showed that when the total score of the scale ≥24.5, specificity and sensitivity were good. Conclusions Chinese version of CGS has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for preliminary screening grief emotion of caregivers of patients with advanced hepatocarcinoma.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of combined acupuncture and Chinese medicine for reflux esophagitis.Methods:120 cases with reflux esophagitis were randomly allocated into 4 groups,30 in each group,a group of combined acupuncture and Chinese medicine,a group of Chinese medicine,a group of acupuncture and agroup of Westem medication(Omeprazole Enteric-coated Capsules).Cases in the four groups were treated 60 d as one course of treatment.The plasma gastrin and motilin levels in all groups were measured before and one course after treatment for effect evaluafion.Results:There were no inter-group statistical differences of plasma gastrin and motilin levels before treatment.The plasma gastrin and motilin levels in all groups were significantly elevated after treatment(P<0.01).The group of combined acupuncture and Chinese medicine showed a significantly higher level than the Western medication and Chinese medicine group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Combined acupuncture and Chinese medicine can remarkably elevate the plasma gastrin and motilin levels in those with reflux esophagitis,regulate the gaslro-esophagus motility,increase the lower esophageal sphincter pressure and thus prevent regurgitation of food.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (length 21 to 25 nt).They can complement and bind to 3' non-coding region of their target genes,directly degrade target genes or inhibit the translation of encoding proteins,and extensively participate in development,metabolism,apoptosis,and a variety of disease processes.Studies have shown that miRNAs play important roles in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke,and participate in post-stroke protection and regulation of repair mechanisms.

In recent years, interventional radiology has effectively solved lots of difficult clinical problems related to airway disorders, and has rapidly developed with the technique being widely practiced in the clinical work. However, the complications caused by airway stent have occurred more and more common, one reason for it is that there are few necessary fundamental studies in animal model. The paper aims to summarize the current situation and progress in animal experiment with regard to airway stent both at home and abroad in order to lay a foundation for promoting relevant basic researches.

Atrial structural remodeling and electrical remodeling are the core of atrial fibrillation.Oxidative stress directly activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ), and induces electrical remodeling and atrial structural remodeling characterized by reduced atrial effective refractory period, which becomes the pathological basis of atrial fibrillation.Therefore, the study of the relationship between the oxidative CaMKⅡ and atrial remodeling will help to elucidate the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and to prevent or reverse atrial remodeling by lowering CaMKⅡ phosphorylation to reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVE:To compare different prescription strategies of antibiotics in the management of acute upper respiratory tract infection(AURTI).METHODS:A total of 984 patients with AURTI were divided into three groups:antibiotic group(treated with antibiotics throughout the course),delayed group(delayed use of antibiotics),and none-antibiotic group(receiving no antibiotics).The course of diseases,rate of return visits,incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADR)and total trea-tment costs were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:Course of diseases was the longest in the antibiotic group(P