Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in gallstones.Methods: Seventy-three patients with gallstones were examined with MRCP. Results: MRCP showed the lesions directly in69 patients,of which 58 patients were proved by surgery. The characteristic imaging appearance included a round,oval ormultifaceted area of filling defect and crateriform depression within the lumen of the bile ducts. MRCP could show false-positive result caused by air within the bile ducts. In the other 4 patients with tiny intra-hepatic stones ( ＜4 mm) ,MRCP couldnot show the lesions except for the proximal bile duct dilation. Conclusion:MRCP is a safe,non-invasive and reliable examination and may act as substitute method for patients unsuitable for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ER-CP).

Background C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse is considered to be an idea model for the study of the pathogenesis of Sj(o)gren syndrome,but the cause of dry eye in these mice is unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the histopathological change of the ocular surfaces of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice,and to determine whether dry eye is developed spontaneously in these mice.Methods Forty-five clean C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1 Aec2 mice were used as the experiment group and forty-five C57BL/6J mice(both male and female)were used as the control group in this study.Detection of fasting blood-glucose,Schirmer' s test Ⅰ (S Ⅰ t),lissamine green staining and scoring of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium in the mice were performed at the age of 4,8,12,16 and 20weeks.Five mice from each group were sacrificed and their corneas were obtained to measure the central corneal epithelium thickness and to count the number of conjunctival goblet cells.In addition,lymphocyte infiltration in the lacrimal gland of the mice was examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining.The uhrastructure of the corneal epithelial cells and microvilli were assessed by scanning electron microscopy.The use and care of the mice were approved by the Experimental Animal Care Committee of the Third Military Medical University.Results No sign of dry eye was seen in both the 4-week-old C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice and 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice.The S Ⅰ t values in 8-week-old,12-week-old,16-week-old and 20 week-old mice from the experiment group were (2.7 ±0.9) mm,(2.5 ±0.8) mm,(1.8±0.6) mm and (1.9± 0.1) mm,respectively,showing a significant reduction in comparison with those of the control mice of the same age(all P＜0.01).The amount of lissamine green staining in the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice gradually increased with age,showing elevated scores in 12-week-old,16-week-old and 20-week-old mice in the experiment group(all P＜0.01).The central corneal epithelium thicknesses were(20.18±3.75)μm,(17.01 ±5.25) μm,(14.19±5.72) μm and(12.00±3.25) μm in the 8-week-old,12-week-old,16-week-old and 20-week-old C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the C57BL/6Jmice of the same age (all P＜0.01).The numbers of conjunctival goblet cells were (8.2±2.4),(6.2±2.1),(6.1 ±2.2) and (4.1 ± 2.0) in the 8-week-old,12-week-old,16-week-old and 20-week-old C57 BL/6.NOD-Aec 1Aec2 mice,respectively,showing a gradual decrease with age and a significant decline in comparison with those of the C57BL/6Jmice of the same age(all P＜0.01).Lymphocyte infiltration in the lacrimal gland and destruction of gland ducts were seen by hematoxylin-eosin staining,and acinar abnormality aggravated with aging.Reduction of corneal epithelial cells and the number of microvilli were distinguished with aging under the scanning electron microscope.The fasting bloodglucose levels of the two groups were both less than 6.0 mmol/L,and no significant difference was found between them at any age(P=0.637,0.610,0.163,0.086,0.938).Conclusions C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice develop dry eye spontaneously with aging.The course of disease and characteristics of dry eye in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2mice is similar to human dry eye.The C57BL/6NOD-Aec1 Aec2 mouse is the perfect model to study the pathogenesis of dry eye.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; therapy

Objective To observe the influence of standardized deep well water on mortality and morbidity of esophageal cancer (EC) in Linzhou. In order to test the hypothesis of "nitrogenous compound metabolised cycling" in etiology of EC. Methods Based on the investigation data collected in 1999 among which some data were from Linzhou Institute of Prevention and Treatment of EC. Three kinds of water were included, standardized deep well water(SDWW) from the well with the depth exceeding 100 meters ,finished time exceeding 6 years; unstandardized deep well water(UDWW) and mountain spring water(MSW). The mortality and morbidity of EC in the the related population. Results There were 281 458 villagers of 165 villages to drink SDWW, 183 289 villagers of 129 villages to drink UDWW and 45 274 villagers of 50 villages to drink MSW. The morbidity and mortality of EC significantly decreased in residents who drank the SDWW compared with those who drank the UDWW and MSW, P

Objective To study a new method of opening prostatectomy.Methods 71 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients were divided into three group at random;treating group:prostatectomy by transfixing inferior vesical artery and reserving posterior urethra(n=21),control group Ⅰ:Millin operation(n=18) and control group Ⅱ:cystoprostatectomy through superior pectineus(n=32),the clinical effect was studied and observated.Results All 71 cases of patients were BPH according to pathology reports.Treating group had lower incidence than that of control group in injury of urethra,bleeding after operation,the times of irrigation of urinary bladder,urinary incontinence in the near future,secondary bleeding,urinary tract infection,bladder spasm,urethral stricture,and so on.Conclusions Prostatectomy by transfixing inferior vesical artery and reserving posterior urethra has many virtues such as simple,soon to discharge,cheapness of medical cost,and easy to spread.

Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disease of unknow n etiology. Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) is a non -invasive ultrasonic examination that can detect the hemodynamic characteristics of intracranial large vessels. At present, there are more applications in screen, auxiliary diagnosis, and surgical outcome assessment in moyamoya disease. This article review s the current applications of TCD in moyamoya disease.

Objective Toinvestigatetheclinicalfeaturesandsurgicalprognosisofmoyamoya syndromeinchildren.Methods Theclinicaldataof12childrenwithmoyamoyasyndromeadmittedto the 307th Hospital of People′s Liberation Army from December 2002 to October 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Eleven of them underwent encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS). A total of 550 children with moyamoya disease in the same period were used as a control group. The clinical characteristics and surgical efficacy of the children with moyamoya syndrome were summarized and concluded by comparing the clinical data of the two groups,including sex,age of onset,initial symptom,progress symptoms, Suzukiinstallments,imagingfeatures,andsurgicalefficacy.Results Themaleandfemaleratioof the children with moyamoya syndrome was 1∶2. Their mean age of onset was 12 ± 5 years old. There were significant differences in the initial symptom (cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage )and disease progress between the children with moyamoya syndrome group and the control group (5/12 vs. 14. 5%[80/550], 3/12 vs. 61. 8%[340/550],and 5/12 vs. 8.7%[48/550],respectively;all P<0. 05). Within the follow-up period,of the 11 children underwent EDAS,7 cases had no further attack,and 4 cases were improved significantly. There was significant difference in the modified Rankin scale (mRS)between the beforeandaftersurgery(0[0,1]vs.2[1,2];P<0.05).Conclusions Theclinicalfeaturesofthe children with moyamoya syndrome have some differences with those with moyamoya disease. Timely and effective EDAS treatment may effectively prevent disease progression and improve the prognosis of patients.

The preparation method, serum stability, efficiency of cellular uptake and apoptosis induction of the cell penetrating peptide TAT and cleavable PEG co-modified liposomes loaded with paclitaxel (C-TAT-Lipo) were investigated. The best preparation procedure was performed by orthogonal test based on single factor screening method. First, the paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded liposomes were prepared by filming-rehydration method, evaluated with entrapment efficiency and polydispersity index. The morphology of C-TAT-Lipo was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Turbidity variations were monitored in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to evaluate the serum stability of the liposomes developed here. Next, the efficiency of cellular uptake of different Rho-PE-labeled liposomes on B16F1 cells in vitro was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry. The quantitative analysis of apoptosis induced by different PTX-loaded liposomes was performed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The optimal formulation was as follows: Chol : lipid: 1 : 8 (molar ratio); drug : lipid: 1 : 40 (mass ratio); lipid concentration: 3 mmol x L(-1); temperature of hydration: 25 degrees C. The mean size and polydispersity index of C-TAT-Lipo were about (97.97 +/- 3.68) nm and 0.196 +/- 0.037, the zeta potential was (-0.89 +/- 0.45) mV, the entrapment efficiency of paclitaxel was (90.16 +/- 1.53)%. The particle sizes did not exhibit significant variations in 50% FBS over 24 h at 37 degrees C. The efficiency of cellular uptake of the C-TAT-Lipo increased 1.40 fold following the cleavage of PEG. Apoptosis analysis showed 59.3% increase of the apoptosis and necrosis profile of C-TAT-Lipo after the detachment of PEG shells, which was markedly higher than that of N-TAT-LP with or without glutathione and SL, respectively. The results indicate that the C-TAT-Lipo is successfully prepared by filming-rehydration method and shows significant antitumor activities.
Animals ; Annexin A5 ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; pharmacology ; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate ; analogs & derivatives ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Melanoma, Experimental ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Paclitaxel ; pharmacology ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry

Objective To investigated the application value in the efficacy evaluation of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) for moyamoya disease. Methods The patients with moyamoya disease treated with EDAS conducted digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and TCD examinations before procedure and at 6 months after procedure respectively. The pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and mean flow velocity (MFV) before and after the superficial temporal artery surgery were measured respectively. The correlation between the TCD parameter variation rate and DSA efficacy grading was evaluated. Using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve to calculate the optimal cut-off value of the TCD parameters for predicting the operation efficacy. Results A total of 46 patients with moyamoya disease were enroled, 40 patients were bilateral hemisphere involvement and 6 were unilateral involvement. A total of 86 hemispheres were treated with EDAS. According to the results of DSA reexaminations, the grades of efficacy were as folows: grade 0, 18 sides, grade 1, 37 sides, grade 2, 18 sides, and grade 3, 13 sides. When the DSA grade was 0, there were no significant differences in PI, RI and MFV before and after procedure, and there were significant differences in the postoperative change of other TCD parameters at al levels (al P < 0. 001). At 6 months after procedure, the change rates of PI, RI and MFV were - 30. 83% ± 21. 71% , - 19. 64% ± 14. 45% and 96. 08% ± 100. 76% , respectively, and they had good correlation with the results of DSA efficacy grading. Their Spearman correlation coefficients were- 0. 879, - 0. 891 and 0. 715, respectively (al P < 0. 001). ROC curve analysis showed that the best cutoff values of the TCD parameter change rates for predicting good operative effect were as folows: PI decrease rate, 36% (area under the curve, 0. 966; sensitivity, 0. 968, specificity, 0. 891; P < 0. 001), RI decrease rate, 27% (area under the curve, 0. 973; sensitivity, 0. 903, specificity, 0. 946; P < 0. 001), and MFV increase rate, 111% (area under the curve, 0. 879; sensitivity, 0. 742, specificity, 0. 927; P < 0. 001). Conclusions TCD can detect hemodynamic parameter changes of superficial temporal arteries after EDAS. It has higher application value in the long-term postoperative efficacy evaluation.