No abstract available.
Polyhydramnios*

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome* ; Meconium*

This study was carried out to understand the relationship between specific chromosome changes and their phenotypic consequences at the tissue level of human lung cancers. Then paraffin-embedded human lung squamous cell carcinoma samples were investigated for in evidence of genetic alterations, using chromosome 7 and 17-specific repetitive alpha-satellite DNA probes. In situ hybridization procedure with chromosome-specific DNA probes was optimized for use on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections. The chromosome index ranged from 1.10 to 1.88(median, 1.49) for chromosome 7 and 1.20 to 1.98(median, 1.69) for chromosome 17. Normal lymphocytes and stromal cells showed one or two chromosome signals per cell in most cases. All tumors showed three or more chromosome signals per cell with range of 16.0% to 80.6% of cancer cells(median, 50.9%) for chromosome 7 and 32.7% to 84.7%(median, 69.9%) for chromosome 17. The chromosome index did not correlate with the DNA content in most cases. Chromosomes 7 and 17 were either overrepresented or underrepresented when they were compared with corresponding DNA index determined by FCM. An increase in copy number, particularly of chromosome 7 was associated with a less favorable phenotype, including high nuclear grade. In addition, chromosome alterations were differentially expressed in the different areas of the same tissue section, correlating with histologic heterogeneity. These results suggest that chromosome polysomy can be reliably detected in tissue sections using in situ hybridization. There is a strong correlation between genotypic abnormalities and tumor phenotype in human lung cancer. This capability will prove to be an important tool for determining the underlying genetic basis for tumor development, tissue phenotype heterogeneity and progression by allowing genetic determination to be made on paraffin-embedded tissue sections where tumor histologic architecture is preserved.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyalin* ; Hyaline Membrane Disease* ; Infant, Newborn

No abstract available.
Fingers* ; Joints* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle*

To determine the incidence of prenatal brain damage, and evaluate the clinical and neurosonographical characteristics, we prospectively examined 508 newborn infants with intracranial ultrasound within the first day of life who admitted to the NICU of Severance Hospital from June 1990 to January 1992 and reviewed maternal or neonatal medical records. We found 12 cases (2.4%) of fetal brain lesions and ten of which had antenatal periventricularintraventricular hemorrhage and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. One of 10 infants had focal parenchymal hemorrhage, 1 had diffuse parenchymal hemorrhage with a porencephalic cavity, 1 had multicystic periventricular leukomalacia with spongiform cerebromalacia, and 1 had multicystic periventricular leukomalacia. Another 2 infants showed multicystic periventricular leukomalcia and multicystic encephalomalacia with ventriculomegaly respectively. Of 12 infants with prenatal brain damage, 7 were full-term, 5 were preterm, 9 were appropriate-for-gestational age, 2 were small-for-gestational-age, 7 were male, and 9 were delivered vaginally. Ten of 12 infants had perinatal asphyxia and five of which showed severe asphxia. Ten of 12 cases had significant materanl histories (three of which had preterm labor, three had premature rupture of amniotic membrane, one had preeclampsia, one had frequent upper respiratory tract infection and influenza, one had herb medication, and one had mental retardation). Only one infant with prenatal brain damage was asymptomatic and ll infants exhibited a few clinical signs during the neonatal period (all 5 infants had respiratory distress symptom, 4 infants had multiple congenital anomalies, 2 infants showed janudice and one infant had seizure). Of 9 infants who were taken electroencephalogram, 7 infants showed abnormal findings and four of 9 infants taken brainstem auditory evoked potential test exhibited abnormal response. Cerebral palsy and mental retardation were documented in two infants, 5 infants were lost on follow-up examination, and 5 infants were discharged against doctor's advices and died. This study confirms that some drain damage is prenatal and these lesions are associated with the development of cerebral palsy. therefore, prenatal brain damage can not be attributed to obstetrical events and neonatal care, We recommend that a fetal neurosonographic examination should be done in the last trimester of all pregnancies, especially in the presence of significant obstetric history or suspected fetal malformations and neonatal brain sonogaraphy be done within the first week of life. These examination are justified because they would allow early intervention to help offset possible neurologic deficits, would help prepare parents and pediatricians for possible limitations, and would prevent lawsuits and protect against malpractice allegations. But, it is not clear that every newborn infants need an ultrasound scan, since detection of prenatal brain damage would be of little benefit to the patients and enormous cost of routinely examining all pregnancies would be required.
Amnion ; Asphyxia ; Brain* ; Cerebral Palsy ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Electroencephalography ; Encephalomalacia ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza, Human ; Intellectual Disability ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Male ; Malpractice ; Medical Records ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Parents ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Prospective Studies ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Rupture ; Ultrasonography

Fifty-three full-term, preterm, term-SGA newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia and 16 full-term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were studied with color Doppler sonography to assess the postnatal change of the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) longitudinally. A control group of 81 healthy infants also had CBFV recordings during the lst week of life Pourcelot Resistance index (PI) and area under the velocity curve (AUVC) were calculated to quantitate changes in CBFV. PI values of full-term infants with perinatal asphyxia were within normal range, but AUVC values were higher on day 1 and 7 than those of normal full-term infants. In preterm and full-term SGA infants with perinatal asphyxia, PI and AUVC values were also within normal range during the lst week of life. Full-term and preterm infants with perinatal asphyxia showed no significant difference in PI and AUVC values according to the degree of asphyxia. The full-term infats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy showed significant decreased PI and increased AUVC values from the 2nd day of life of life compard with those of normal and asphyxiated infants reflecting high cerebral blood flow state. We also found a relationship between disturbances of consciousness and the PI. The prediction of occurrence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy by abnormal Doppler studies(PI< or =0.55) showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%.
Asphyxia* ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infant, Premature ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Incidence*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of accommodation-convergence parameters after implantation of Artisan phakic intraocular lens (PIOL). METHODS: Prospective study for the patients with the Artisan PIOL implantation was performed. A total of 37 patients (3 males and 34 females) enrolled the study. Preoperatively, convergence amplitude, the stimulus accommodative convergence per unit of accommodation (AC/A) ratio and the near point of convergence (NPC) were evaluated. After the Artisan PIOL implantation, the identical evaluations were repeated at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery. RESULTS: Mean age was 24.3 +/- 4.8 years old, and preoperative refractive error was -8.92 +/- 4.13 diopters (D). After the implantation, mean refractive errors significantly decreased to within +/-1.00 D, and noticeable complications were not found. The convergence amplitude and the stimulus AC/A ratio increased 1 month after the surgery, but progressively stabilized afterward to near preoperative values. NPC didn't show any significant change over follow-up period up to 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These results regarding implantation of the Artisan PIOL revealed the increase of accommodation-convergence relationship within first 1 month after the surgery, but progressive stabilization was noted during follow-up periods.
*Accommodation, Ocular ; Adult ; *Convergence, Ocular ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular/*methods ; Male ; Myopia/*diagnosis/*surgery ; *Phakic Intraocular Lenses ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies ; Refractive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

Intraventricular hemorrhage is a common hemorrhagic cerebral disorder in premature, but occurs much less frequently in the full-term newborn. In order to obtain documentation of clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of intraventricular hemorrhage in full-term, we performed cerebral ultrasonography on 602 newborn infants who had been admitted to neonatal intensive care unit at the Deppartment of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine between December 1989 and June 1991. 15 cases (2.5%) of intraventricular hemorrhage were analysed. The results were as follows: 1) Among 15 cases with intraventricular hemorrhage, there was no obstetrical and perinatal complication in 8 cases (53%) and 13 cases (87%) were neurologically normal at birth. 2) Sudden onset of dramatic neurologic abnormalitis inclued seizures, fever, bulging fontanel, irritability, lethargy, vomiting in cases (73%) and the remainder (27%) had no clinical symptoms and signs. 3) The age at diangosis of hemorrhage was before 72 hours in 5 cases (33%), between 4 and 7 days in 2 cases (13%), at 8 to 28 days in 8 cases (53%), 8 of 15 cases (53%) had Grade 1 IVH, four with Grade 2, cases with Grade 3, and 1 case of these infant demonstrated Grade IV IVH. The source of hemorrhage was subependymal germinal matrix in 12 cases (80%) and choroid plaxus in 3 cases (20%). 4) Precipitating factors were cerebral venous infarction in 7 cases, hypoxic injury in 5, and 3 other infants had no identifiable medical risk factors. 5) Among all 15 survivors, 2 of 3 infants with choroid plexus hemorrhage required placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, in the other case, ventriculomegaly decreased spontaneously.
Choroid ; Choroid Plexus ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Infarction ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Lethargy ; Parturition ; Pediatrics ; Precipitating Factors ; Risk Factors ; Seizures, Febrile ; Survivors ; Ultrasonography ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ; Vomiting