Injuries and pains of musculoskeletal joint in human body is common onset in industrialized world. However, muscle fatigue plays a very significant role in contributing causes of many pains associated with musculoskeletal joints. Based on this hypothesis, degree of muscle fatigue was investigated using electromyography measurement technique during isometric and concentric/eccentric muscle contractions. Different response of the muscle fatigue between two different muscle contractions (isometric and concentric/eccentric contractions) was examined by comparison of parameters which were median frequency, median power and RMS value. Healthy 16 young persons without previous musculoskeletal diesease history were tested with Noraxon Myosystem 2000 EMG measurement system. In this study, two different exercises were performed. First exercise was concentric/eccentric exercise. Second exercise was isometric muscle contraction. In the case of the isometric exercise, median frequency was decreased, but median power and RMS were increased. However, during the concentric/eccentric exercse, median frequency was increased, but median power and RMS were decreased. Both of those revealed that the pattern of the median frequency was W type, but median power and RMS were M type as time passed. In this study, the patterns of the muscle fatigue during concentric/eccentric exercise as well as isometric exercise were identified. It will be helpful to prevent musculoskeletal injury from over-working andexercising.
Electromyography* ; Exercise ; Human Body ; Humans ; Joints ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Fatigue*

We experienced one case of tuberous sclerosis occurred in brothers. Case 1 is 8-year-old male patient who presented seizure, mild mental retardation, subependimal nodule and Shagreen patch. Case 2 is 9-year-old male patient who presented adenoma sebaceum, Shagreen patch, subependymal gient cell astrocytomas. Diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT and biopsy. Brief review and related literatures were also presented.
Astrocytoma ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Male ; Seizures ; Siblings* ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN), synonymous with acute lobar nephronia (ALN) or focal pyelonephritis, is an inflammatory mass without liquefaction caused by severe acute bacterial infection of kidney. Unless treated effectively, progression to a renal abscees may ensue. Clinically, AFBN presents as acute pyelonephritis, and radiologically, as focal swelling or mass. The distinction between AFBN and renal abceess or even tumor may be confusing and difficult. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography(CT) aid in establishing the correct diagnosis. However, the appearance of AFBN on sonography and CT is by no means pathognomonic. Benign or malignant renal tumors may have a similar appearance. With the clinical history, a high index of suspicion, and follow-up studies after institution of medical treatment may further aid in the differentiation. Herein we report 2 cases of AFBN, which were presented as renal masses.
Bacterial Infections ; Diagnosis ; Kidney ; Nephritis* ; Pyelonephritis ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis* ; Humans* ; Rotavirus*

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is a benign ossifying diathetic disorder characterized by hyperostosis and soft tissue ossification of the clavicles, anterior portion of the first ribs, and manubrium, with variable hyperostosis or ankylosis in the spine and sacroiliac joints. A review of the literature and our own case describes the clinical findings and its characteristic features in RI, CT, and plain film.
Ankylosis ; Clavicle ; Hyperostosis ; Hyperostosis, Sternocostoclavicular* ; Manubrium ; Ribs ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Spine

To investigate the effect of lidocaine on the intraocular pleasure during induction of general anestheaia, intraocular pressure (lOP) was measured together with mean arterial pressure (MAP) , pulse rate, before and after intratraoheal intubation under several condit-ions (saline 5cc, lidocaine, 2 mg/kfr, lidocaine 2 mg/kg plus succinlrcholine 1 mg/kg). The results were as follows 1) Changes in mean arterial Preesure was not significantly different between lidocaine-treated group and non-treated group (p <0.05), 2) Changes in pluse rate was also not significantly different between lidocaine-treated group and non-treated group (p<0.05). 3) A decrease in lOP was net statistically significant after either lidocaine or saline administration comparing with the control baseline level. 4) lOP was markedly increased above the control baseline level after succinylcholine (S.C.C.) administration.5) A increase in lOP produced by intratracheal intubation wart reduced significantly by pretreatment with lidocaine comparing with non-treated group (P<0.01). 6) Simultaneous administration of lidocaine and succinylcholine did not prevent increase in lOP produced by intratracheal incubation. The abode data suggest that it would be most preferable to intuhate the patients under the general anesthesia with lidocaine pretreatment without using succinlycholine in the patients with eye hall Perforation or the patients who have recent surgical ocular incision.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Lidocaine ; Pleasure ; Succinylcholine ; Warts

BACKGROUND: It has been well known that absolute and interpeak latencies of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) are usually prolonged in diabetics. However, Its etiology is still controversial. We tried to identify whether the cause is structural or metabolic in origin by performing BAEP and brain MRI in the diabetic patients. METHODS: BAEP were performed in both the diabetic patients (DM) group (16 males and 15 females) and the normal control group (25 males and 33 female). A brain MRI was performed in the DM group on those who showed abnormal BAEP and com-pared the results of BAEP of the DM group with those of the control group. RESULTS: 7 patients (22.6%) showed abnor-mal BAEP (male; 6, female; 1, unilateral; 4, bilateral; 3) when abnormal BAEP was defined as being larger than two and a half standard deviations of the control group BAEP results. Two males of the DM group who showed abnormal structural lesions of the pons in their brain MRI were not included in the statistical analysis. The remaining 14 diabetic male patients (mean age: 58.7 +/-9.1 years, mean disease duration: 6.1 +/-4.7 years, mean hemoglobin (Hb) A1C: 7.7 +/- 2.0%) and 15 diabetic female patients (mean age: 60.6 +/-10.8 years, mean disease duration: 5.4 +/-5.1 years, mean HgA1C: 7.8 +/-2.1%) were stastistically analyzed. Interpeak latencies of I-III, III-V, and I-V were found to be signifi-cantly prolonged in the DM group. The prolongation of interpeak latencies of I-III and I-V were found to be signifi-cantly correlated with the disease duration only in the diabetic female patients, but not with age and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that both metabolic derangement and structural lesion contribute to prolonging the central conduction time on BAEP pathway in diabetics.
Brain ; Brain Stem* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pons

No abstract available.
Animals ; Glycerol* ; Rats*

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and social psychological factors among dental practitioners. METHODS: A total of 497 dental practitioners who worked in 20 dental clinics and hospitals between June 9 and June 30, 2011 were enrolled in this study. The participants' stress level was measured using the PWI-SF (Psychosoical Well-Being Index-Short Form), a psychosocial health measurement tool, and their musculoskeletal pain was measured using a table that was revised and supplemented by the Korea Occupational Safety Health Agency. Statistical analysis was carried out through frequency analysis, chi-square test, and correlation analysis, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 18.0. RESULTS: Analyzing the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and social-psychological factors of dental practitioners revealed satisfaction has a significant effect on the level of musculoskeletal pain experienced (P<0.05). Notably, salary satisfaction showed a significant influence on the degree of leg musculoskeletal pain (r=−0.140) and lower back pain (r=−0.204; P<0.05) experienced. Satisfaction in their own welfare (r=−0.157) and amount of time spent working (r=−0.135) showed a significant influence on the degree of leg musculoskeletal pain experienced (P<0.05). The level of pain experienced was higher as the level of stress risk increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The level of musculoskeletal pain experienced by dental practitioners was highly related to social-psychological factors. In order to reduce the human and economic losses due to musculoskeletal diseases, continuous preventive care must be provided. Social psychological factors, such as details of job satisfaction and stress, should be taken into account along with physical management of musculoskeletal disorders.
Dental Clinics ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Korea ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Musculoskeletal Pain* ; Occupational Health ; Psychology ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Social Sciences