1.The Economic Impact of a Rural Hospital to local Economy.
Im Ok KANG ; Sun Hee LEE ; Han Joong KIM
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 1996;29(4):831-842
Demand for high quality medical care has recently been increasing in step with high level of income and education. Patients prefer the use of large general hospitals to small community hospitals. Large hospitals, usually located at urban area, expand their capacities to cope with the increasing demand, therefore, they easily secure revenue necessary for growth and development of hospitals. However, small community hospitals are facing with serious financial difficulties caused from the reduction of patients in one hand and the inflation of cost in another. If small rural hospitals were closed, the closure would have negative impacts on local economies in addition to the decrease in access to medical care. Community leaders should have an insight on the contribution of community hospitals to local economies. They could make a rational decision on the hospital closure only with the understanding of hospital's contribution to the community. This study is designed to develop an economic model to estimate the contribution of rural hospital to local economies, and also to apply this model with a specific hospital. The contribution of a hospital to local economies consists of two elements, direct effect and multiplier effects. The direct impacts include hospital's local purchasing power, employee's local purchasing power, and the consumption of patients coming from outside the community. The direct impact induces multiplication effect in the local economy. The seed money invested to other industries grows through economic activities in the economy. The seed money invested to other industries grows through economic activities in the region. This study estimated the direct effect with the data of expenditure of the case hospital. The total effect was calculated by multiplied the direct effect with a multiplier. The multiplier was drown from the ratio of marginal propensity of income and expenditure. Beside the estimation of the total impacts, the economic effect from the external resources was also analyzed by the use of the ratio of patients coming outside the region. The results are as follows. 1. The direct economic contribution of the hospital to the local economy is 1,104 million won. 2. The value of multiplier in the region is 2.976. 3. The total economic effect is 3,286 million won, and the multiplication effect is 2,182 million won. 4. The economic contribution from the external resources is 245 million won which is 7.5% of the total economic effect.
Education
;
Growth and Development
;
Hand
;
Health Expenditures
;
Health Facility Closure
;
Hospitals, Community
;
Hospitals, General
;
Hospitals, Rural*
;
Humans
;
Inflation, Economic
;
Models, Economic
2.Complications and patency of internal arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis
Han Hong YANG ; Won Hyun CHO ; Joong Shin KANG
Journal of the Korean Society for Vascular Surgery 1991;7(1):124-133
No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Fistula
;
Renal Dialysis
3.Extramedullary Plasmacytoma: One Case
Chi Joong KANG ; Sang Keun OH ; Han Kyu KIM
The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association 1983;18(4):817-820
No abstract available in English.
Plasmacytoma
4.The Role of Initial Relative Renal Function in Unilateral Hydronephrosis.
Sang Won HAN ; Min Joong KWON ; Tack LEE ; Seon Jung KANG ; Dae Joong KIM ; Seung Kang CHOI
Journal of the Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology 1999;3(2):203-208
Glassy cell carcinoma is an unusual neoplasm of the uterine cervix with highly aggressive clinical behavior. On cervico-vaginal smear examination, the tumor has well confused of atypical repair cell of the endocervix. Recently, we have experienced two cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, diagnosed on cervico-vaginal smears and confirmed on following histologic sections. The cervico-vaginal smears revealed abundant clusters with well defined boarders. The cell clusters were composed of large tumor cells. The tumor cells had distinct granular cytoplasm and eosinophilic macronucleoli. Characteristic cytologic features of this tumor were discussed in view of differential diagnosis.
Adenocarcinoma
;
Breast
;
Cervix Uteri
;
Cytoplasm
;
Diagnosis, Differential
;
Eosinophils
;
Female
;
Hydronephrosis*
5.An Analysis on Factors Relating to Fiscal Deficit for Regional Health Insurance Program in Korea.
Han Joong KIM ; Woo Hyun CHO ; Sun Hee LEE ; Hyung Kon KANG ; Yang Kyun KIM
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 1992;25(4):399-412
This study was designed to investigate factors relating to fiscal deficit for regional health insurance. The financial statements for the fiscal year 1990 of nationwide 254 regional medical insurance societies were analyzed. Important findings are summarized below: 1. There were differences in the main reason for the financial deficit among regions when deficit and surplus societies were compared by regions. The total revenue per enrollee, especially revenue from the premium contribution of a deficit society was significantly smaller than that of a surplus society in large cities and counties. On the other hand, the total expenditure per enrollee of a deficit society was larger than that of a surplus society in small cities. 2. Both low premium irate at the beginning of health insurance program and less effort to increase the premium rate were main factors for the smaller revenue from the contribution of a deficit society in large cities and counties. 3. Larger expenditures per covered person of a deficit society in small cities were explained with larger medical expenditures especially for out-patients services rather than larger administrative expenses. 4. A regression analysis showed that utilization rates in out-patient services were significantly associated with income and numbers of total medical care institution per capita within a region where a health insurance society located. Also expenses paid by insurer per visit were associated with the proportion of utilization for tertiary care hospitals as well as the proportion of utilization of public health centers.
Hand
;
Health Expenditures
;
Humans
;
Insurance
;
Insurance Carriers
;
Insurance, Health*
;
Korea*
;
Outpatients
;
Public Health
;
Tertiary Healthcare
6.Experiences in the treatment of orbital hypertelorism secondary to frontoethmoidal meningoencephaloceles and Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.
Ki Hwan HAN ; Sung Geun PARK ; Joong Won SONG ; Jin Sung KANG
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1991;18(2):287-300
No abstract available.
Acrocephalosyndactylia*
;
Hypertelorism*
;
Orbit*
7.A clinical study of donor site care in the split thickness skin graft with thrombin application.
Kang Won LEE ; Hong Mi YOUCK ; Chin Ho YOON ; Han Joong KIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1991;18(3):528-532
No abstract available.
Humans
;
Skin*
;
Thrombin*
;
Tissue Donors*
;
Transplants*
8.Bone graft using a mixture of bone dusts and hydroxyapatite particles in rabbits.
Jin Sung KANG ; Jae Hoon OH ; Joong Won SONG ; Ki Hwan HAN ; Geon Young KWON
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1992;19(1):18-30
No abstract available.
Durapatite*
;
Dust*
;
Rabbits*
;
Transplants*
9.Changes of phospholipase D activity in TNF-alpha and anti-Fas/Apo1 monoclonal antibody induced apoptosis in HL-60 and A20 cells.
Jin Ho KANG ; In Cheol SHIN ; Joong Soo HAN
Experimental & Molecular Medicine 1998;30(1):21-27
The changes of phospholipase D (PLD) activity were investigated during the courses of apoptotic process induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or anti-Fas/Apo1 antibody in human premyelocyte HL-60 and murine B cell lymphoma A20 cells. The treatment of recombinant TNF-alpha to HL-60 cells resulted in the increased PLD activity as determined by the phosphatidylethanol formation in the presence of 1% ethanol. The enhancement of PLD activity was also observed in the anti-Fas/Apo1 monoclonal antibody-treated A20 cells. However, the activity of PLD was maximized when HL-60 and A20 cells were treated with either TNF-alpha or anti-Fas/Apo1 monoclonal antibody for 6 h. Both TNF-alpha and anti-Fas/Apo1 monoclonal antibody increased PLD activity in a dose-dependent manner up to 200 U/ml and 200 ng/ml, respectively. When the intracellular activity of protein kinase C (PKC) was interrupted by treatment of calphostin-C, both the PLD activation and the apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha and anti-Fas/Apo1 monoclonal antibody appeared to be inhibited. Since PKC is reported to activate PLD, the results indicate that the intracellular signaling cascade via PLD may play a role in the induction of apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha and anti-Fas/Apo1 monoclonal antibody.
Animal
;
Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
;
Antigens, CD95/metabolism*
;
Antigens, CD95/immunology
;
Apoptosis*
;
DNA Fragmentation
;
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
;
Enzyme Activation
;
HL-60 Cells
;
Human
;
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
;
Lymphoma, B-Cell
;
Mice
;
Naphthalenes/pharmacology
;
Phospholipase D/metabolism*
;
Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
;
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism*
;
Signal Transduction
;
Tumor Necrosis Factor/pharmacology*
10.Primary repair of the transected facial nerve.
Jae Hoon OH ; Joong Won SONG ; Ki Hwan HAN ; Jin Sung KANG
Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1991;18(4):640-653
No abstract available.
Facial Nerve*