OBJECTIVE To investigate the nosocomial infection management,prophylaxis and control in delivery room and then to prevent the nosocomial infection events in delivery room. METHODS Concluding and analyzing the risk factors of nosocomial infection in delivery room,the management methods,prophylaxis and controlling measures were formulated. RESULTS The risk factors of nosocomial infection in delivery room were controlled by means of carrying out management and prophylaxis measures strictly. CONCLUSIONS Doing well in management,prophylaxis and control of risk factors in delivery room are the key to prevent the nosocomial infection event in delivery room.

Background and purpose: Brain metastases are common occurrences in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib is a specific inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, which has been commonly used in the treatment for advanced NSCLC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of gefitinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. Methods: Fifty NSCLC patients with brain metastases were reviewed retrospectively. All of them were treated with gefitinib, given orally at a daily dose of 250 mg. These patients discontinued administration of gefitinib when disease progression, death or intolerable side effects appeared. X~2 test was applied in response analysis. Survival analysis was compared with Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test respectively. The multivariate analysis was perfonned with Cox's proportion risk model. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Results: In terms of intracranial lesions, partial response (PR) was observed in 5 patients (10%), stable disease (SD) in 37 patients (74%) and progressive disease (PD) in 8 patients (16%), objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 10% and 84%, respectively. As for systemic disease, PR was observed in 5 patients (10%), SD in 30 patients (60%) and PD in 15 patients (30%), overall ORR and DCR were 10% and 70%, respectively. Overall DCR was related to the patients' PS score and the number of brain metastases (P=0.004, P=0.022), but there was no statistical difference in overall DCR among different subtypes of age, gender, smoking history, histology, the onset of brain metastases, chemotherapy, brain radiotherapy and side effects (P>0.05). The median time to disease progression (MTTP) was 7.0 months, which was related to the patients' PS score and smoking history (P=0.000, P=0.045). The median survival time (MST) was 10.8 months, and 1-and 2-year survival rates were 44% and 6% respectively. The univariate analysis showed that the survival time was related to the patients' PS score. smoking history and the number of brain metastases (P=0.011, P=0.028, P=0.044). The multivariate analysis indicated that both the patients' PS score and smoking history were two independent prognostic factors (P=0.005, P=0.006) and the relationship of the survival time and the number of brain metastases was near to statistical significance (P=0.075). Conclusion: The patients with non-smoking history and favorable performance status(PS 0-1) may have better survival benefit and those with single brain metastasis have a trend to survive longer. Gefitinib may be effective on brain metastases in NSCLC patients and appears to be a possible new treatment option.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of mycoplasma infection and antifungal resistance to guide the clinical reasonable usage.METHODS Mycoplasma was isolated and its antibiotic susceptibility was detected by Mycoplasma IES test kit.RESULTS Among the 1103 samples,418(37.8%) were positive,including 268 with Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)(64.1%),13 with Mycoplasma hominis(Mh)(3.1%),and 137 with mixed infection(Uu and Mh)(32.8%),Young people with the age from 20 to 45 were the highest group of infection(80.1%),Sensitive antibiotics to mycoplasma in precedence order were doxycyline,minocycline,tetracycline,josamycin,and clarythromycin.CONCLUSIONS Mycoplasma is a common pathogen resulting in urogenital tract infection.We should pay more attention to monitor mycoplasma infection and use antibiotics properly and to guide clinically antibiotics usage.

Objective To analyze the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer patients with brain metastases.Methods The clinical data of 352 lung cancer patients with brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed.According to the treatment modalities,patients were divided into palliative therapy group(n=28),simple whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT)or chemotherapy group(n=49)and comprehensive treatment group(n=275).Comprehensive treatment group was subdivided into WBRT plus chemotherapy group(n=192),stereotactic radiosurgery(?knife)plus chemotherapy/WBRT group(n=72,n=16 for?knife plus chemotherapy and n=56 for?knife plus WBRT and chemotherapy)and neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group(n=11).In comprehensive treatment group,111 patients received chemotherapy≤3 cycles,and the other 164≥4 cycles.Survival curves of each group were drawn respectively,and both survival time and survival rates were compared among groups.Results The median survival time of palliative therapy group,simple WBRT or chemotherapy group,WBRT plus chemotherapy group,?knife plus chemotherapy/WBRT group and neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group was 1.7,3.2,9.0,11.6 and 17.1 months,respectively.It was revealed by survival analysis that WBRT plus chemotherapy group was better than simple WBRT or chemotherapy group (P=0.0000),?knife plus chemotherapy/WBRT group was better than simple WBRT or chemotherapy group(P=0.0000),and neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group was better than simple WBRT or chemotherapy group and WBRT plus chemotherapy group(P=0.0001,P=0.0229).There was no significant difference in survival rates between neurosurgical resection plus chemotherapy/WBRT group and?knife plus chemotherapy/WBRT group(P=0.2543),and there was no significant difference in survival rates between those with?knife plus chemotherapy and those with?knife plus WBRT and chemotherapy(P=0.3804).In comprehensive treatment group,the survival rates of those with chemotherapy≥4 cycles was significantly higher than that of those with chemotherapy≤3 cycles(P=0.0000). Conclusion Both WBRT plus chemotherapy and?knife plus chemotherapy and WBRT are effective modalities for the treatment of lung cancer patients with brain metastases,and the latter has the tendency to gain more survival benefit.There is no significant difference in the survival time between patients receiving?knife with WBRT and those without.It is proper for the patients to have no less than 4 cycles of chemotherapy.

11?-hydroxylase deficiency is one of the main causes of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH),which is caused by the mutation of CYP11B1 gene that encodes the enzyme.Researches have shown that mutations of CYP11B1 gene would result in decreased activity or inactivation of the enzyme in classical 11?- hydroxylase deficiency,and their relationship between genotype and phenotype of 11?-hydroxylase deficiency is not clear.

Background and purpose:Brain is one of the most common sites for distant metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer,and the prognosis of patients with brain metastasis is usually dismal.The purpose of this retrospective study is to document the relationship between the prognosis of lung cancer patients with brain metastasis and the expressions of p53,nm23 and VEGF in resected lung cancer tissues.Methods:Ninety-two patients who were definitively treated with surgery for non-small cell lung cancer but lately developed brain metastasis between 1997 and 2005 were identified in our institution.Their clinical data were retrieved and retrospectively reviewed.All pathological specimens of their resected lung cancer were examined for the expressions of p53,nm23 and VEGF by immunohistochemical staining.The association between the treatment outcome and the expression of the above mentioned biomarkers were analyzed.Results:The median survival time(MST) of patients with p53(+) versus p53(-) was 11.0 versus 11.9 month,respectively.The 1,2,and 3-year overall survival rates were 45.71%,22.86%,and 18.29% respectively for p53(+) patients,and 49.55%,16.12%,and 8.89% respectively for p53(-) patients(P=0.5179);The MST of patients with nm23(+) versus nm23(-) was 13.0 versus 10.1 month,respectively.The 1,2,and 3-year overall survival rates were 54.20%,21.51%,and 16.45% respectively for nm23(+) patients,and 32.0%,12.0%,and 4.0% respectively for nm23(-) patients(P=0.1075);The MST of patients with VEGF(+) versus VEGF(-) was 10.5 versus 12.2 months,respectively.The 1,2,and 3 year overall survival rates were 42.20%,0,and 0 respectively for VEGF(+) patients,and 50.0%,25.41%,and 16.57% respectively for VEGF(-) patients(P=0.0231).Conclusions:VEGF was a significant adverse prognostic factor for patients with non-small cell lung cancer who developed brain metastasis.Lung cancer patients whose tumor tissue demonstrated positive VEGF expression had reduced overall survival rates at 1,2,and 3 years after surgery.The expression of p53 and nm23 are not significantly associated to the prognosis of this group of patients.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of the target controlled administration of sufentanil and intermittent sufentanil during awake craniotomy. Methods 40 patients were randomized into target controlled infusion of sufentanil group (n=20) and intermittent sufentanil group (n=20) and compared. Results The hemodynamic parameters were similar in the two groups. However, target controlled infusion of sufentanil was associated with significantly lower respiratory rate （P<0.05）, higher end tidal CO2 （P<0.05）, and higher dosage of sufentanil （P<0.01）, compared with those of intermittent sufentanil. Conclusion Intermittent sufentanil infusion is associated with less respiratory depression than target controlled administration of sufentanil in awake craniotomy.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that can infect skin and mucosal epithelial cells. It can establish latency in sensory neurons and sporadically reactivate from these cells. In order to reply to attacks of the host and evade the immunity surveillance during infection and reactivation, HSV has developed a multitude of clever strategies. Dendritic cells (DCs), one of the most important antigen-presenting cells (APC), can recognize pathogens at the infection sites and activate specific T cells, thus playing a crucial role in the host immunity against virus infection. This paper reviewed the mechanism of the host immunity against HSV, especially the role of DCs in HSV-induced immune responses and the future research perspective.

Cobalt or chromium alloys are the most common clinical materials of prosthesis and there have been some investigators at home and abroad have done related researches about the genotoxic effects of cobalt and chromium ions and nanoparticles. People have certain understanding about the mechanism of production of ions as well as their influence on cells. However, chromium or cobalt nanoparticles genotoxicity related research is still in its preliminary stage. In each stage, the mechanisms, from creating of the particles, through entering cells, until finally causing genotoxic, are still contained many problems to be solved. This article reviews the research progress in mechanisms of production and genotoxic effects of cobalt, chromium ions and nanoparticles.
Chromium ; toxicity ; Cobalt ; toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Ions ; Nanoparticles ; toxicity ; Prostheses and Implants

Objective To explore the possibility of repairing face rhombus defect after resection of pathological tissues on the special regions. Methods After rhombus resection of a pathological tissues on the special regions of the face, using four triangular flaps at the any sides of the defect to stagger suturing each other and to constitute peculiar "M" flap repairing defect in 26 patients (12 males and 14 females). Results The flaps were all survived. No straight line scars were seen at the repairing regions and no scars contraction for the face contour was occurred. Conclusion This is a simple and effective operation procedure that can be used for rhombus defect of the special regions of the face.