PURPOSE: Recently, vitamin D insufficiency has increased and has been correlated to growth and puberty in children. This study was conducted to find the prevalence of subclinical vitamin D insufficiency and its influence on school-aged children in Korea. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 397 children aged 7 to 15 years who had been tested for 25-OH vitamin D3 among the outpatients of the Department of Pediatrics in Eulji General Hospital from March 2007 to February 2011. Data for age, sex, comorbidities, serum 25-OH vitamin D3, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and sunlight exposure time were collected before and after 3 months of vitamin D administration, retrospectively. RESULTS: Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 343 (86%) of the subjects. In the vitamin D insufficient group, chronological age was 8.96+/-1.72 years, mean height (z-score [z]) was 0.51+/-1.26, mean BMI (z) was 0.81+/-2.20, and bone age was 10.26+/-1.75 years. In the vitamin D sufficient group, chronological age was 9.61+/-1.77 years, mean height (z) was-0.66+/-0.98, mean BMI (z) was-0.01+/-1.16, and bone age was 9.44+/-2.12 years. A paired t-test showed that three months after vitamin D administration, the mean 25-OH vitamin D3 level in the insufficient group increased to 24.38 +/-10.03 ng/mL and mean BMI (z) decreased to 0.67+/-1.06. CONCLUSION: In Korean school-aged children, vitamin D insufficiency were relatively higher and may be closely related with higher BMI. Insufficient rise of the level of vitamin D after supplementation suggest the new supplementation guidelines, especially for Korean children.
Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Cholecalciferol ; Comorbidity ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Puberty ; Retrospective Studies ; Sunlight ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

BACKGROUND: Though K-ras mutation and aberrant p53 have been considered the event of the oncogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, it is controversial that these have been attributed to difference of survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We investigated for presence of a K-ras mutation, K-ras expression and p53 expression in carcinogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Also their correlation with tumor grade, stage and survival was investigated. METHODS: We examined 48 patients surgically resected, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pancreatic adenocarcinoma. By using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we detected K-ras mutation at codon 12. An aberrant K-ras and p53 expression was stained using an immunohistochemical staining (IHC) method. RESULTS: Thirty-one of 48 cases (64.6%) showed K-ras mutation. K-ras expression was showed in 68.8% (33/48). p53 expression was showed in 47.9% (23/48). There was no correlation between a presence of K-ras mutation or K-ras expression and tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage or survival rate. A positive correlation between p53 expression and clinical stage was found (p<0.05). The patients with p53 expression had shorter survival than the patients without p53 expression (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Mutation of the K-ras gene and aberrant p53 might play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. But mutation of K-ras gene and K-ras expression is not considered to relate to progression of pancreatic carcinoma. It is suggested that p53 expression seems to be associated with a progression of pancreatic carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Codon ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms* ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: The estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer specimens has traditionally been assessed using a biochemical ligand binding assay (LBA). Recently, the application of an immunohistochemical method (IHC) for formalin-fixed breast carcinoma tissue has greatly increased. Controversy exists over the accuracy of IHC compared with that of LBA in determining ER. METHODS: Breast-carcinoma tissues were obtained from 247 patients. ER was determined within 1 week or at 4 weeks after surgery by using the traditional LBA and by using IHC with monoclonal antibodies. The ER status was assessed with respect to age, size of tumor, and stage according to the two methods. RESULTS: The concordant rate of ER status was 75% between IHC and LBA. IHC-negative/LBA- positive results occurred in 31 cases (13%) and IHC-positive/LBA-negative were observed in 30 cases (12%). ER-positive cases were more common in older patients. The disconcordant rate was much higher in premenopausal females. There was a significantly lower ER positivity in tumors of larger than 5 cm. ER positivity was significantly lower at 4 weeks compared to within 1 week in both methods, but this did not change the concordance rate between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: The ER-IHC method appears to be a reasonable substitute for a biochemical ligand binding assay. This is based on a 75% concordance of the method as well as on the findings in the disconcordant cases. The appropriate measured time for ER was within 1 week after the cancer tissues were obtained.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biochemistry ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry

Some circulating cancer cells in the blood play a central role in the metastatic process and may have a major influence on patient progress. Their numbers can be very small and techniques for their detection need to be both sensitive and specific. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been successfully used to detect small numbers of tumor cells in cancer. We used a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect circulating breast cancer cells in venous blood samples before operations and assessed cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) and cytokeratin-20 (CK-20) as target mRNA markers in the blood of healthy donors (n=6) and breast cancer patients (n=30) with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages 0 to IIIa. CK-19 mRNA was expressed in all blood samples of healthy donors and patients. But CK-20 was the only mRNA marker not detected in the blood from healthy donors. Seven of 30 (23%) venous blood isolates of breast cancer patients yielded a CK-20 mRNA with positive results. There was no correlating CK-20 mRNA expression with stage and axillary lymph node status. In conclusion, CK-19 showed no diagnostic value as a mRNA marker in the detection of circulating cancer cells by RT-PCR assay because this was expressed in the blood of healthy donors. CK-20 mRNA was an useful marker to detect circulating cancer cells in breast cancers.
Breast Neoplasms/pathology* ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Markers ; Human ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics ; Keratin/genetics ; Neoplasm Circulating Cells* ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; RNA, Neoplasm/analysis* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics

The diagnosis of breast disease relies primarily on histopathological diagnosis of hematoxylin-eosin stained specimens. Recently, the histopathological diagnosis has been complemented to an extent by analyses of a growing array of immunohistochemical and molecular markers. Prohibitin is an evolutionarily conserved gene with homologues found in organisms ranging from yeast to man. Prohibitin has anti-proliferous activity and available data suggest a role in such diverse processes as normal cell cycle regulation, replicate senescence, cellular immortalization, and the development of sporadic breast tumors. In this study, the prohibitin protein was immunohistochemically stained in representative samples from 10 patients with fibrocystic diseases, 10 with fibroadenomas, 10 with ductal carcinomas in situ, and 33 with infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast. There were weaker expressions throughout the tissue in benign breast diseases, but there was stronger staining in the glandular epithelium of breast cancers than with the stromal components. The epithelial and the stromal prohibitin expressions were elevated in carcinomas in situ and in infiltrating ductal carcinomas. However, the expression was most notable in infiltrating ductal carcinomas. There was no correlation between the prohibitin protein and the histologic grade or the TNM stage in breast cancer(p<0.05). These results show that imunohistochemical staining of prohibitin can be used as a diagnostic biomarker in breast cancer.
Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle ; Complement System Proteins ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND: Although abnormalities of p53 gene and their relation to clinicopathologic parameters have been identified in some human malignancies, there is little published data on their prevalence and clinical significance in ampullary adenocarcinoma (AAC). The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of p53 abnormalities in AAC and to evaluate their relation to clinicopathologic features. METHOD:35 formaline-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of AAC were examined for detection of p53 abnormalities by both single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction- amplified DNA fragments corresponding to exons 5-8 and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using monoclonal antibody to p53 protein (Novocastra, DO7), and the association between the p53 abnormalities and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULT: In 22.9% of AAC, p53 gene muation was demonstrated by SSCP analysis, mainly at PCR-amplified exon 8 and exon 7. The p53 protein overexpression by IHC was 48.6% of AAC. Six SSCP and IHC-positive (17.2%) cases and 16 normal (45.7%) cases showed concordant results between the methods, although 13 cases (37.1%) showed discordance, including 11 IHC-positive (31.4%) and 2 SSCP-positive (5.7%) cases. Overall, the prevalence of p53 abnormalities was 54.3%. No significant associations between the p53 abnormalities and clinicopathological parameters such as clinical manifestations, histologic differentiation, and tumor stage were observed. CONCLUSION: The p53 abnormalities detected in 55% of AAC are not associated with prognostic factor, suggesting that abnormal p53 gene may play a role in the development of AAC, but not in its invasiveness.
Adenocarcinoma* ; DNA ; Exons ; Genes, p53* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Prevalence*

A 38-year-old woman presented with facial edema with neck vein engorgement for about 45 days. Chest roentgenography showed bulging soft tissue opacities in the right superoanterior mediastinum and a lobulated intraluminal mass was noted in the superior vena cava on the venacavogram. The superior vena cava was incised and the tumor located from the junction of the superior vena cava and internal jugular vein to the right atrial inlet was excised. Grossly, the tumor was myxoid or gelatinous in appearance. A combination of microscopic and immunohistochemical features showed myxoid leiomyosarcoma arising from the wall of the superior vena cava.
Adult ; Bays ; Edema ; Female ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Jugular Veins ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Mediastinum ; Neck ; Radiography ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome* ; Thorax ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior*

Castleman's disease is uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder as giant lymph node hyperplasia and angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. Multicentric variant of Cagtleman's disease, plasma cell type has been, described that has mort generalized lymph node involvement as well as involvement of other organ systems than localized type. Multicentric plasma cell type is frequently accompanied by systemic manifestations, such as weight loss, lowgrade fever and weakness. But the reported cases of pulmonary parenchymal involvement are rare and have almost consisted of hyalinized ganuloma adjacent 13 a bronchus. We report a patient with Castleman's disease of the lung, pathologically proven interstitial pulmonary involvement.
Bronchi ; Fever ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Plasma Cells ; Weight Loss

The prognosis of lung cancer is very poor. Patients with lung cancer have usually no symptom in early stage or some mild cough, sputum. When patient feel weight loss or dyspnea, majority of patients with lung cancer are advanced stage and inoperable. The growth rate of lung cancer is different according to cell type of tumor and related to prognosis. Generally, tumor. doubling time (TDT) of lung cancer has been known that small cell lung cancer is about 65 days, squamous cell carcinoma is about 90 days, and adenocarcinoma is about 185 days. There has been rarely reported of lung cancer with very fast or very slow growth. The prognosis of a slow growing lung cancer is relatively good but rapidly growing cancer is not. We report a very rare case that surgicallytreated early stage non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) with 4-year- TDT without invasion or distant metastasis
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; Sputum ; Weight Loss

Acute mercury inhalation poisoning is a rare cause of acute lung injury. It is usually fatal because of progressive pulmonary failure. We experienced a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after illicit use of mercury vapor for hemorrhoid treatment; he developed acute chemical pneumonitis following exposure to mercury vapor. Prompt treatment with corticosteroids and penicillamine for acute chemical pneumonitis was instituted; radiologic pulmonary infiltrates disappeared within a week, but late phase neurologic sequelae and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis progressed.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage ; Aged ; Antidotes/administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Human ; Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects* ; Male ; Mercury Poisoning/diagnosis ; Mercury Poisoning/complications* ; Penicillamine/administration & dosage ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/drug therapy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/chemically induced* ; Substances:Penicillamine ; Substances: Antidotes ; Substances: Adrenal Cortex Hormones