This study was conducted to investigate the causes of burn and emergency cares taken on the spot for the burn patient. study population included 161 burn patients admitted to 2 university hospitals and 1 general hospital in Taegu from November 1, 1987 to April 30, 1988. Patients or guardians were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Out of 161 burn patients 111(69.8%) were males and 50(31.1%) females. Preschool children of 1-4 years old accounted for 29.8% of the total patients. Burns of children under 15 years of age took place at home in 91.0%, while 48.3% of burns of adult (15 years and over) males occurred at the working place, and 68.0% of adult females occurred at the home. Out of total burns occurred at home 39.8% took place at kitchen/dining room and 24.1% in the room. The most common cause of burns in children was the boiling water or hot food (74.3%). In adults the common causes were electrical burn(22.4%), hot water or food(19.0%) and explosion(12.1%) for males, and hot water or food(32.0%) and explosion(20.0%) for females. Common emergency cares for the burn taken on the spot were undressing(64.6%), pouring Soju(liquor)(13.7%), and pouring cold water(5.0%). There were a few cases who applied ash, soy or salt. To prevent burn, it is recommended to remodel the traditional kitchen and coal-briquet hole, to strengthen the safety control of LP Gas and LN Gas supply, to educate the public for the handling method for such gases, to strengthen the occupational safety control, to improve the safety device for the electric wire and socket, and to limit the temperature of hot water at home and public baths.
Adult ; Baths ; Burns* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Daegu* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services* ; Female ; Gases ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Protective Devices ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Water

China ; Health Status ; Humans ; Occupational Health ; Shoes

Aim To explore the vasodilative effect on rat thoracic aortic ring of total flavonoids of Buckwheat flowers and leaves(TFBFL) and the underlying mechanisms.Methods Isometric tension measurements were used to study the effect of TFBFL on isolated rat thoracic aorta rings.Laser scanning confocal microscope was employed to measure the concentration of intracellular free calciums.Results In aorta rings precontracted with phenylephrine or potassium chloride,TFBFL caused a dose-dependent relaxation in both endothelium-intact and denuded rings and the relaxant effect of TFBFL was more potent on endothelium-intact aorta rings than that on endotheliumdenuded aorta rings(P

0.05) . Four weeks after culture,both transcription factor NKX-2.5 and GATA4 were expressed in the 5-azacytidine group. Additionally,?-mysion heavy chain but not ?-mysion heavy chain expression was observed. CONCLUSION:5-azacytidine induced the differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into myocardial-like cells;in addition,simulated biological microenvironment in both indirect contact group and myocardial cell lysate group also induced the same differentiation. The differentiated cells were cardiac possesses which were between mature cells and cardiac progenitor cells.

BACKGROUND: Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins is involved in the complications of diabetes mellitus. Previous experiments have demonstrated that total flavones of buckwheat flower (TFBF) could improve carbohydrate tolerance. However, it is little known whether TFBF inhibit the non-enzymatic glycation of proteins.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influences of TFBF on the non-enzymatic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) of proteins in vivo and in vitro.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, North China Coal Medical College.MATERIALS: Totally 75 adult SD rats , of clean grade, weighing (200±20) g, including 38 female rats and 37 male rats, were provided by the institute of experimental animals, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Certification No. SCXK11-00-0006). TFBF was extracted by our laboratory from flowers of buckwheat. The blood glucose kit was purchased from Beijing Biosino Biotechnology Company Ltd. Penicillin (Batch No.031020, 8×105 U) and streptomycin (Batch No. 030920, 1×106 U) were purchased from North China Pharmaceutical Company. Streptozotocin and BSA were purchased from Sigma Company. Fructosamine kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, and the other chemicals were analytical pure produced domestically.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, North China Coal Medical College from March to October 2004.In the first experiment, in vivo macromolecular AGEs was measured: ①Modeling and grouping: Rats were divided into 3 groups according to body mass: Normal control group (n=15), the rats were treated with 8 mL/kg normal saline intraperitoneally. Streptozotocin-treated group (n=45), the rats were fasted for 16 hours and then treated with 80 mg/kg streptozotocin of 8 mL/kg intraperitoneally. Twenty-two hours later, the blood of all rats was harvested from vena caudalis to measure the level of blood sugar.Those with fasting blood glucose ≥ 15 mmol/L were acted as diabetic rats.Streptozotocin-treated group were divided into 3 subgroups, 15 rats in each subgroups. Each rat was given intragastric administration of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg TFBF. Model group (n=1S): Rats were only treated with 80 mg/kg streptozotocin of 8 mL/kg . The rats in normal control group and model group were given the same volume of salt water. The administration was once a day for 12 weeks successively. ②Measurement of fasting blood glucose: After the last administration, the rats of streptozotocin-treated group were fasted for 12 hours and the blood was harvested from vena caudalis. The fasting blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. ③The levels of blood plasma and nephridial tissue fructosamine and macromolecular AGEs were measured: The rats of each group were anesthetized with ethyl ether on the second day following the last administration. Blood was chosen from carotid artery, and plasma was separated.Kidneys were taken at the same time, prepared into 100 g/L tissue homogenate and centrifuged at low temperature. The levels of fructosamine in plasma and the supernatant fluid of kidney homogenate were measured according to the instructions of the kit. AGEs in plasma and renal tissue were determined by fluorospectrophotometer. The products of macromolecular AGEs were calculated. In the second experiment, in vitro macromolecular AGEs were measured as below: 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 mg/L TFBF of 6 mLrespectively was prepared with solution A (0.2 mol/L glucose, 2×l06 U/Lpenicillin, 2×106 U/L streptomycin , PBS containing 20 g/L bovine serum albumin). Control groups were set: ① without TFBF, ② without TFBF and glucose, ③ without BSA, ④ without glucose. Five parallels of each sample were sterilized by filtration and incubated in the attemperator at 37 ℃. The fluorescence of AGEs (F) in the culture was determined at the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. Inhibition ratio (IR) was calculated and the inhibition of TFBF on AGEs was observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In the first experiment, the levels of fasting blood glucose, fructosamine in kidney and plasma, and AGEs were measured. In the second experiment, the inhibition of TFBF on AGEs in vitro was measured.RESULTS: In the first experiment, 75 rats were involved, and 56 successful rats entered the stage of result analysis. The levels of blood glucose,fructosamine in kidney and plasma of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those of rats in the normal control group (t=7.572,10.186, 5.794,P ＜ 0.01 ). The level of blood glucose of rats in the 3 subgroups was significantly lower than that of rats in the model group (t=3.357,4.382,3.938,P ＜ 0.05-0.01); The levels of fructosamine in kidney and plasma of rats in the 0.2 and 0.4 g/kg TFBF groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (t=5.109, 4.605, 3.731,3.097,P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ). The levels of AGEs in plasma and kidney of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group (t=6.463, 12.704,P ＜ 0.01 ), while the levels of AGEs in plasma of rats in the streptozotocin-treated group were similar to those in the model control group (P ＞. 0.05), and those in kidney of rats in the streptozotocintreated subgroups were significantly lower than those in the model group (t=9.845, 12.799, 12.899,P ＜ 0.01 ). In the second experiment, the level of macromolecular AGEs of each group was gradually increased with ime.TFBFcould inhibit the formation of macromolecular AGEs in dose- and time-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: TFBF obviously inhibited the formation of AGEs of proteins in vivo and in vitro.

59 cases of pancreatic ultrasonography, proven by clinically, radiologically or pathologically, were analyzedand the results are as follows; 1. Enchogenecity of pancreatic cancer was low echogenic in 27 cases, highechogenic in 2 cases and had similar echogenecity in 3 cases, compared with liver. 2. There were 10 cases of livermetastasis of pancreas malignancy and the metastasis was demonstrated in 7 cases by ultrasonography. Theechogenecity of liver metastasis was low in 6 of 7 cases. 3. In 14 cases of pesudocyst, inflammatory changes inthe portion other than pseudocyst were demonstrated in 5 cases. 4. The localized enlargement of pancreas head wasdemonstrated in 3 cases of pancreatitis of 10 cases.
Head ; Liver ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatitis ; Ultrasonography

To describe a modified simple iris suture for pupillary dilation technique during vitrectomy in cases with a miotic pupil.Four translimbal incisions were created with a sharp straight blade at 1:30,10:30,4:30,and 7:30 o'clock,respectively.The straight needle of 10-0 polypropylene suture and a Sinskey IOL hook was used to displace the pupillary margin toward the limbus.In 3 cases,four sutures caused a 6-mm to 9-mm square-shaped pupil,and the pupil was allowed to return to a smaller size at the end of the operation.It is simple and may reduce postoperative complications.

BACKGROUND: Carboxymethyl chitosan is a water-soluble derivate modified from chitosan, with various biological activities. It is a good ligand of metal ion and can integrate Ca~(2+) to prepare a novel biological material. OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for preparing carboxymethyl chitosan calcium (CCC) and analyze its properties and structure. METHODS: CCC was produced by carboxymethyl ohitosan reacting with solution of calcium chloride. The solubility, carboxymethylation degree, rotational viscosity, and calcium content of CCC were determined, and infrared and ultraviolet spectral analyses were performed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The calcium content of CCC was approximately 15%. Compared with carboxymethyl chitosan, infrared spectrum and ultraviolet spectrum of CCC were changed. The prepared CCC is a new calcium compound through property and structural analysis.

Objective To observe the safety and efficacy of the SLIPA mask airway in the cesarean section operation under general anesthesia.Methods Fifty single birth pregnant women who underwent cesarean operation under general anesthesia were randomized into 2 groups.SLIPA mask group(group S,25 cases)and endotracheal intubation(ETT)group(group T,25 cases).Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),partial pressure of carbon dioxide in end expired gas(P_(ET)CO_2),peak airway pressure(Paw)were measured before induction of anesthesia,just before intubation,2min after intubation,just before extubation,2 min after extubation.Bucking,style,reflow,vomiting,aspiration were observed at inmbation or SLIPA mask airway insertion,before and after extubation and intraoperative.Umbilical arteries and veins blood were collected at delivery for the blood gas analysis.All delivery times,operation time and Apgar scores at 1,5 min were recorded.Results The successful rate ofthe first time intubation was 100% in group S,there was 2 cases by the second time intubation in group T.There Was 3 cases with gently air leak,but no influence on respiratory management.After intubation and extubation,MAP and HR increased significantly in group T (P<0.05),while group S had no significant change.There was no occurrence of bucking,style,reflow,vomiting,aspiration intmoperative,but 17 cages occurred at extubation in group T.The incidence and degree of sore throat in group T(10 cases after 2 hours and 6 cases after 24 hours) were significantly higher than those in group S(P<0.05).The Apgar scores at 1,5 min and delivery times were not significant between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion There is less adverse effects of SLIPA mask airway than ETT under general anesthesia in the cesarean section operation,SLIPA mask airway is safe and efficacious.