No abstract available.
Biopsy*

Psychiatry has progressed with neurobiological basis, providing individually tailored treatment, preventing mental illness, and managing public mental health. Foundational knowledge that may contribute to the development of psychiatry and neuroscience has been attained through continual national and international investment in research. However, this knowledge obtained from neurobiological research is not being applied to clinical practice proactively. This may be due to a lack of support for translational research connecting neuroscience with clinical practice, and a lack of development and availability of educational programs for clinical psychiatrists. To solve these problems, it is essential to support translational research conducted by clinicians and to establish an appropriate reward system. Considering the direction of progress in psychiatry and the demand from clinicians, appropriate investment in research and education programs that provide neurobiological knowledge applicable to clinical practice is required. Researchers and educators must also communicate and collaborate to deliver neurobiological findings effectively.
Education ; Education, Medical ; Investments ; Mental Health ; Neurosciences* ; Psychiatry ; Public Health ; Reward ; Translational Medical Research

Fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis (FICRD) is a cutaneous disorder that results from prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation during interventional procedures. With the expanded use of interventional procedures, there is increased fluoroscopic exposure. However, diagnosis and treatment of such disorder remain difficult. Herein, we report on a case of FICRD that occurred in the right subscapular area.
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Dermatitis ; Radiation, Ionizing

Balloon cell melanoma, an uncommon histopathological variant of malignant melanoma, was first described by Gardner and Vazquez in 1970. This condition is histopathologically characterized by the presence of balloon cells with varying sizes and atypical nuclei. An 84-year-old woman presented with a solitary, dome-shaped, walnut-sized, brownish nodule on the posterior aspect of the left ear with bleeding, having only detected the nodule 2 weeks prior. Histopathologically, the lobulated tumor mass revealed copious melanin pigment and many balloon cells with clear cytoplasm, atypical nuclei, and variable size. Immunohistochemically, the tumor mass showed positive reaction to S-100 protein and HMB 45 staining. We herein report a typical case of balloon cell melanoma, which developed primarily on the skin.
Aged, 80 and over ; Cytoplasm ; Ear ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Melanins ; Melanoma ; S100 Proteins ; Skin

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have suggested an increased frequency of cardiovascular (CV) diseases in patients with psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we assessed the awareness among psoriasis patients and dermatologists in private primary clinics about the increased CV risk linked to psoriasis, and examined the screening behaviors of dermatologists for CV risk factors in psoriasis patients. METHODS: We distributed questionnaires to dermatologists in primary clinics and to psoriasis patients about their awareness of the increased CV risk factors related with psoriasis. RESULTS: One hundred four patients and 50 dermatologists were included. 64.4% of patients and 92% of dermatologists answered that they know about the increased risk of CV diseases in psoriasis patients. However, far fewer dermatologists than expected followed the screening guidelines for CV risk factors. We found that the duration (p<0.0001) and severity (p<0.0001) of psoriasis were related to patient's awareness. A significant correlation between dermatologists' awareness and the number of psoriasis patients they treated each month was also observed (p<0.024). CONCLUSION: This study may help promote the idea that psoriasis patients require education about their increased CV risk factors and that dermatologists require further education about screening practices to detect CV risk in psoriasis patients.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Education ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Psoriasis* ; Risk Factors* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: The most of typical seborrheic keratoses (SKs) can be clinically differentiated with ease from other dermatoses. However, its differential diagnosis can sometimes be difficult and recently reported cases clinically suggest that SKs with the skin biopsy result being some other diseases can bring on the need for further evaluations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic yield in submitting clinically diagnosed SKs which showed single discoid lesions of the face for routine microscopic examinations. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of cases for histological examinations with a clinical diagnosis of SKs or with a differential diagnosis that includes SKs which shows single discoid lesion of the face. A total of 94 pathology reports containing a diagnosis of SKs in the clinical information field were identified. The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis and clinic histopathological correlations were studied. RESULTS: In this study, 45.7% of patients was clinically assumed to have SKs but turned out to be some other diseases according to the histopathology test results - a total of 19 cases (44.2%) with some considered to be precancerous (actinic keratosis 25.6%, benign lichenoid keratosis 16.3% or cancerous (basal cell carcinoma 9.3%, squamous cell carcinoma 4.7%). CONCLUSION: Lesions suggested to be SKs need more examinations and lesions of atypical clinical appearances which cannot completely exclude the possibility of precancerous or malignant lesions are strongly recommended for skin biopsies.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome is defined as multiple endocrine gland insufficiencies accompanied by autoimmune diseases of the endocrine and nonendocrine system. After Schmidt introduced a case of nontuberculosis adrenal gland dysfunction with thyroiditis in 1926, Neufeld defined polyglandular autoimmune syndrome by I, II, and III subtypes in 1980 by their presentation of occurrence age, heredity methods, relationship with human leukocyte antigen, and accompanying diseases. We report a case of a 32-year-old female with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome III accompanied by type 1 diabetes mellitus that was treated with insulin (36 units per day) for 11 years. She had insulin deficiency and Hashimoto thyroiditis as an autoimmune disorder. In addition, she had several features similar to Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy including short stature, truncal obesity, round face, short neck, low intelligence (full IQ 84), and decreased memory. Although Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy is morphological evidence of pseudohypoparathyroidism or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, she had primary hypoparathyroidism on laboratory results. Here, we report a case of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome III with type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroiditis, and primary hypoparathyroidism, accompanied by clinical features similar to Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy.
Adrenal Glands ; Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Endocrine Glands ; Female ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic ; Hashimoto Disease ; Heredity ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Insulin ; Intelligence ; Leukocytes ; Memory ; Neck ; Obesity ; Pseudohypoparathyroidism ; Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Blue nevus is a neoplasm composed of pigmented dendritic dermal melanocytic cells in the reticular dermis. The lesion clinically presents as a well dermacated cerulean-blue or bluish black colored papule or plaque that usually measure less than 1 cm in diameter. Pilar sheath acanthoma is a rare, benign follicular hamartoma commonly affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. It is characterized by a small, solitary, skin colored papule situated on the head and neck, particularly around the upper lip. We report a rare case of a blue nevus associated with a pilar sheath acanthoma in a 26 year-old man presented with a bluish papule on the neck.
Acanthoma* ; Aged ; Dermis ; Hamartoma ; Head ; Humans ; Lip ; Neck* ; Nevus, Blue* ; Skin

Insomnia is a common sleep-related symptom which occurs in many populations, however, the neural mechanism underlying insomnia is not yet known. The hyperarousal model explains the neural mechanism of insomnia to some extent, and the frontal cortex dysfunction has been known to be related to primary insomnia. In this review, we discuss studies that applied resting state and/or task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate the deficits/dysfunctions of functional activation and network in primary insomnia. Empirical evidence of the hyperarousal model and proposed relation between the frontal cortex and other brain regions in primary insomnia are examined. Reviewing these studies could provide critical insights regarding the pathophysiology, brain network and cerebral activation in insomnia and the development of novel methodologies for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.
Brain ; Diagnosis ; Frontal Lobe* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

As the prevalence and life expectancy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continue to increase, the importance of effective detection and intervention for the complications of T2DM, especially neurocognitive complications including cognitive dysfunction and dementia, is receiving greater attention. T2DM is thought to influence cognitive function through an as yet unclear mechanism that involves multiple factors such as hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and vascular disease. Recent developments in neuroimaging methods have led to the identification of potential neural correlates of T2DM-related neurocognitive changes, which extend from structural to functional and metabolite alterations in the brain. The evidence indicates various changes in the T2DM brain, including global and regional atrophy, white matter hyperintensity, altered functional connectivity, and changes in neurometabolite levels. Continued neuroimaging research is expected to further elucidate the underpinnings of cognitive decline in T2DM and allow better diagnosis and treatment of the condition.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Cognition Disorders ; Dementia ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Life Expectancy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Neuroimaging ; Prevalence ; Vascular Diseases