No abstract available.
Fee Schedules* ; Fees and Charges* ; Insurance, Health*

To examine the result of the government Medical Aid Program which began in January, 1977 as a part of social security policy implementation, all the medical records of the clients and official statistics in the year were analyzed. The specific objectives this study pursues include the magnitudes and patterns of morbidity and utilization, and the characteristics of clients. One Korean rural area, Koje county was selected as the study area and subsequently all the clinics and hospitals assigned to work out the Aid Program are the subjects for the survey. A brief summary of the study results as follows: a. The clients of Koje county are 6.4% of the total population in the area, more than the average percentage of the clients in Korea. It reflects on low level of economic status of the residents of the area. b. The population structure of the clients indicates that the large proportions of young and old age group are overwhelming, while the middle age group share very small portions. 3c. The utilization rates for primary care are 2.0 persons, 11.6 visits and 22.6 treatment days per 100 persons per months. Annual hospitalization is rated as 13.7 cases and 164 days per 1,000 persons. The utilization rates are slightly lower than those expected rates during planning period but eventually become higher than those of general population in rural Korea. d. The factors which influence the utilization rates are identified with client group(low income vs indigent), age and sex. e. The utilization pattern for primary care demonstrates seasonal variation similar to the pattern of general rural population in the low income group, but none in the indigent group. f. The most common diseases revealed at the primary care clinics are the acute respiratory infection (26.9%), acute gastritis (10.8%), skin and subcutaneous infection (6.8%). The cases of acute conditions are outnumbered than the cases of chronic condition. g. The clinics, hospitals and other related health institutions are well cooperated in dealing health care services in their own capacities. Considering the above results Medical Aid Program generated satisfactory results at least in the utilization aspect.
Delivery of Health Care ; Gastritis ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea* ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged ; Poverty ; Primary Health Care ; Rural Population ; Seasons ; Skin ; Social Security

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Health Personnel* ; Humans ; Korea

The intrauterine retention time (IURT) after fetal death can be estimated from the loss of nuclear basophilia. We therefore attempted to derive an autolysis equation to estimate IURT in experimental rat fetuses and human fetal autopsy slides. The degree of loss of nuclear basophilia in various tissues was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. Fetal rat tissues showed different rates of autolysis, allowing for the construction of an experimental autolysis curve. We also reviewed the H & E stained slides obtained from 27 human fetal autopsy cases with well-documented death intervals. The degree of autolysis in various tissues was evaluated using percentile scores (PS). Using the findings from H&E staining, we derived the equation Ln (PS/[100-PS]) = 2.62716-0.02377 x IURT. However, this equation or autolysis scores showed some limitations. Owing to the inconsistency of PS, this equation is reliably applicable only within 24 hours of intrauterine fetal death. In the fetal autopsy review, fetal hydrops, local effusion, and sepsis also contributed to accelerated autolysis.
Animals ; Autolysis ; Autopsy ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fetal Death* ; Fetus ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis ; Rats ; Sepsis

No abstract available.

The distribution and type of the whorl on headhair and pubic hair were observed for Korean male youths at physical examination of freshman students of our university. I) In the observation on the whorl on headhair for 1293 male youths, following results were obtained. a) i) The single whorl was found 93.89% of the case. ii) The double whorl was found 5.49% of the case. iii) The triple whorl was found 0. 62% of the case. b) The most of the whorl situated on median sagittal line of the head. It occurs more often on the right side (30.4%.) than on the left (15.8%). c) The single whorl in the clockwise direction predominates over the counterclockwise. d) It is found in 52% of all cases that position double whorls had showed the one on the right side and the other on the left. And the double whorl showed the combination of spiral opposing directions in more than 80% II) In the observation on pubic hair of 6131 Korean male youths, following results were obtained. a) Below 18 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 78.6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 6.3% iii) The acuminate type was found in 11.0%. iv) The disperse type was found in 3.4%. b)Over 19 years old: i) The horizontal type was found in 71. 6% ii) The sagittal type was found in 8. 5% iii) The acuminate type was found in 14.7% iv) The disperse type was found in 4. 9% c) The 0,75% of all cases can not be found pubic hair below 19 years old, the 0, 25% of the case can not be found pubic hair between 20-24 years old and 0.34% of total case (6131) whose age are ranging 17 years old to 24 years old were found bald pubic hair.
Adolescent* ; Hair* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Postal Service* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Recently Malassezia (M.) furfur fungemia has been increasingly recognized in premature infants and adults receiving parenteral nutrition. Accordingly, analysis of nucleic acids in M. furfur serovars and strain typing methods based on genetic differences and similarities are required for epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to analyze nucleic acids in M. furfur serovars A, B and C and to adapt the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of DNA to differentiate the strains of M. furfur serovars for use in epidemiological studies. METHODS: Cellular nucleic acids were extracted from the strains of M. furfur serovars and electrophoresed, followed by digestion of DNA and electrophoresis of the resultant DNA fragmegments. RESULTS: Each of the six strains, grown both on solid medium and liquid medium, revealed a genomic DNA. Interestingly, unique extra bands of RNA were observed in four of the six strains which had grown on solid medium. These bands were also seen in three of them grown in broth. The size of these bands were from 0.5 to 5.0 kbp by comparison with a ‘1 kb DNA ladder’. The restriction patterns generated by EcoR I, Hae III, Hind III, and Hinf I were not unsuccessful. The DNA from serovar B was insensitive to the above restriction enzymes. CONCLUSIONS: Although DNA was extracted from the strains, the amounts were not thought to be enough for RFLP analysis and the DNA from the serovar B was insensitive to the above restriction enzymes. Thus, further development of an extraction method of DNA is required for obtaining enough DNA from M. furfur serovars, and other restriction enzymes would have to be investigated for their ability to differentiate strains of M. furfur in epidemiological studies. Also, further investigation of RNA bands might be able to adapt them for a typing method.
Adult ; Digestion ; DNA ; Electrophoresis ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Fungemia ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Malassezia* ; Methods ; Nucleic Acids* ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; RNA ; Serogroup*

No abstract available.