PURPOSE: Analyzing different patterns of maxillary sinus septa in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and predicting maxillary sinus membrane perforations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 222 patients ranging from 20 to 81 years old were evaluated. One hundred fifty-two patients (93 females and 59 males) who had maxillary sinus septa in axial views were included in this study. Cross-sectional images were used to determine classifications of sinus septa and the risk of membrane perforation using a method modified from Al-Faraje et al. Variables of sex, age, and dental status were considered. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis (P < .05). RESULTS: In this study, 265 maxillary sinus septal patterns were found. The mean age of the patients was 44.1±14.7 years old. The Class I and VII-div II patterns had the greatest and least prevalence, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the location of septa and the frequency of membrane perforation risk (P < .05). In this study, the relationship of different patterns of septa with dental status did not differ significantly (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: A higher prevalence of moderate risk of membrane perforation in the molar region relative to the premolar region was observed. Furthermore, maxillary sinus septa occur most frequently in the molar region, demonstrating the importance of paying attention to this region during sinus lift surgery. This study did not show any relationship between tooth loss and the presence of septa.
Bicuspid ; Classification ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lifting* ; Maxillary Sinus* ; Membranes* ; Methods ; Molar ; Oral Surgical Procedures ; Prevalence ; Statistics as Topic ; Tooth Loss

Objective: To assess the color stability and translucency of full cubic stabilized zirconia (FSZ) following orthodontic bonding with different surface treatments and coffee thermocycling (CTC). Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 120 disc-shaped specimens of FSZ. Thirty specimens were selected as the control group and remained intact. The remaining specimens were randomly divided into three groups based on the type of surface treatment (n = 30): airborne particle abrasion (APA), silica-coating (CoJet), and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. After metal bracket bonding in the test groups, debonding and polishing were performed. Subsequently, all specimens underwent CTC (10,000 cycles). Color parameters, color difference (ΔE00), and translucency parameter (TP) were measured three times at baseline (t0), after debonding and polishing (t1), and after CTC (t2). Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). Results: Significant difference existed among the groups regarding ΔE00t0t2 (p < 0.001). The APA group showed minimum (ΔE00 = 1.15 ± 0.53) and the control group showed maximum (ΔE00 = 0.19 ± 0.02) color stability, with no significant difference between the laser and CoJet groups (p = 0.511). The four groups were significantly different regarding ΔTPt0t2 (p < 0.001). Maximal increases in TP were noted in the CoJet (1.00 ± 0.18) and APA (1.04 ± 0.38) groups while minimal increase was recorded in the control group (0.1 ± 0.02). Conclusions Orthodontic treatment makes zirconia restorations susceptible to discoloration and increased translucency. Nonetheless, the recorded ΔE00 and ΔTP did not exceed the acceptability threshold.