1.Botulinum Toxin A Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the MPTP and 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Models
Hyeon Joo HAM ; In Jun YEO ; Seong Hee JEON ; Jun Hyung LIM ; Sung Sik YOO ; Dong Ju SON ; Sung-Su JANG ; Haksup LEE ; Seung-Jin SHIN ; Sang Bae HAN ; Jae Suk YUN ; Jin Tae HONG
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2022;30(1):90-97
Recently, increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may be a critical factor in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in addition to the ratio of acetylcholine/dopamine because dopaminergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to inflammatory attack. In this study, we investigated whether botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) was effective for the treatment of PD through its anti-neuroinflammatory effects and the modulation of acetylcholine and dopamine release. We found that BoNT-A ameliorated MPTP and 6-OHDA-induced PD progression, reduced acetylcholine release, levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as GFAP expression, but enhanced dopamine release and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. These results indicated that BoNT-A had beneficial effects on MPTP or 6-OHDA-induced PD-like behavior impairments via its anti-neuroinflammation properties, recovering dopamine, and reducing acetylcholine release.
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