No abstract available.
Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Oral and maxillofacial infection is the oldest and most common disease in human history. The infection ranges from the low-grade infection that only requires minimal treatment to the high-grade and life-threatening fascial space infection. In this study, the data on oral and maxillofacial infections were analyzed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment, and to predict the prognosis. This report was based on data from 831 patients with oral and maxillofacial infection (394 males and 437 females) who were hospitalized in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery of Chosun University Dental Hospital from January 1998 to May 2005. The ratio of males to females was 0.9:1. By age, patients between 60 and 70 years old were the greatest in number (17.1%), while only 5.9% of the patients were between 10 and 20 years old. The most common cause of infection was odontogenic origin (84.4%), followed by post-extraction infection (6.2%), unknown (5.9%), and trauma (3.5%). The most common fascial space involved was the buccal space (39.4%), followed by the canine (20.6%), submandibular (15.9%), pterygomandibular (9.5%), submental (7.6%) and sublingual (2.8%) space. The number of the involved fascial space was one (75.2%), two (19.8%), or more than three (5.0%). In terms of the treatment duration, the hospitalization period of 6 to 10 days was the greatest in number (49.9%). All patients had uneventful recovery without major complication. There are statistically significant correlations between age and treatment period, and the involved space and treatment period, but no correlations between the variables of sex and treatment.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Surgery, Oral

BACKGROUND: High risk myelodysplastic syndrome has various clinical courses and refractoriness to various therapies. It is important to analyze clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses in high risk myelodysplastic syndrome. METHODS: Sixty nine cases of primary high risk myelodysplastic syndrome at diagnosis were enrolled in this study at Kyungpook National University Hospital and Taegu Hyosung- Catholic University Hospital from January 1987 to June 1996. We have investigated the clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes after low dose cytarabine chemotherapy. RESULTS: 1) The median age of the patients was 48 years. Male to female ratio was 2.1:1. The each numbers of RAEB, CMML and RAEB-T patients were 38, 11 and 20, respectively. 2) The most common chief complaint was dyspnea on exertion. General weakness, fever and dizziness were also observed. The most common physical finding was pallor. 3) The peripheral blood findings showed anemia in 65 cases (94.2%), thrombocytopenia in 64 cases (92.8%), leukopenia in 32 cases (46.4%) and pancytopenia in 26 cases (37.7%). 4) Twenty two cases transformed to acute myelogenous leukemia during the follow-up periods. Chemotherapy was done in 18 cases among 22 cases of transformed acute myelogenous leukemia. Complete remission was achieved in 3 cases (16.7%), partial remission in 4 cases (22.2%) and no response in 11 cases (61.1%). 5) Forty seven cases were treated by low dose cytarabine chemotherapy. Complete response was achieved in 11 cases (23.4%), partial response in 13 cases (27.7%) and no response in 23 cases (48.9%). Median duration of complete response was 12 weeks. 6) We made score system, which based on Sanz score and Gattermann score, according to age, hemoglobin, platelet and bone marrow blast. Overall survival was higher in group A (score< or = 5) than group B (score> or = 6). Complete response of low dose cytarabine chemotherapy was higher in group A than group B but overall survival according to low dose cytarabine chemotherapy was not different in group A and group B. CONCLUSION: Low dose cytarabine chemotherapy was not effective in survival benefit. Score system according to prognostic factors was important to predict therapeutic response and prognosis. In the future, more intensive therapeutic plan and analysis of prognostic factors should be considered.
Anemia ; Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Cytarabine* ; Daegu ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Leukopenia ; Male ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes* ; Pallor ; Pancytopenia ; Prognosis ; Thrombocytopenia

Relapsing peritonitis are major limitation of CAPD, a common reason for discontinuation of this form of therapy. Inappropriate treatment of previous peritonitis often leads to relapsing peritonitis, especially in patients with catheter-related infections. Although a multitude of therapeutic approaches have been tried, there is a controversy over the optimal antimicrobial treatment. The purposes of this study were: 1) to analyze the causative pathogen; 2) to determine the appropriate treatment regimen and duration; and 3) to evaluate the role of catheter replacement in recurrent peritonitis. Follow-up data were obtained in 43 CAPD patients who experienced 104 episodes of reucrrent peritonitis. 1) Among 104 episodes of recurrent peritonitis, 70 (67%) were culture-positive. The distribution of isolates was as follows : coagulase negative Staphylococci, 39 (38%); Enterococcus, 9 (9%); Staphylococcus aureus, 8 (8%); Pseudomonas, 4 (4%); Serratia, 4 (4%); Xanthomonas, 3 (3%); Klebsiella, 2 (2%); and fungus, 1 (1%). 2) Peritonitis recurred in 46 (50%) and did not recur in the other 46 (50%) of the 92 catheter- maintained peritonitis. After catheters were removed in 12 patients, new catheters were inserted in 3 patients without any more peritonitis. 3) There was no significant difference of recurrence between Gram-positive and Gram-negative peritonitis (56 vs. 50%). 4) Five (29%) of 17 peritonitis treated with vancomycin and amikacin, and 22 (73%) of 30 peritonitis treated with cefazolin and tobramycin experienced recurrence. Compared with cefazolin, initial therapy with vancomycin decreased the recurrence rate (P<0.05). 5) In Gram-positive and Gram-negative peritonitis, there was no reduction of recurrence in peritonitis treated for more than 2 weeks (63 vs. 51%, 40 vs. 60%). In coagulase negative Staphylococcal peritonitis, treatment for more than 2 weeks reduced the recurrence without statistical significance (59 vs. 30%, P=0.10). 6) In Gram-positive and Gram-negative peritonitis, there was no reduction of recurrence in peritonitis treated for more than 10 days after resolution (59 vs. 53%, 40 vs. 69%). In coagulase negative Staphylococcal peritonitis, treatment more than 10 days after resolution reduced the recurrence without statistical significance (50 vs. 26%, P=0.08). In conclusion, treatment with vancomycin and a longer treatment duration seem to be beneficial in relapsing CAPD peritonitis. Moreover, removal and replacement of catheter should be considered in cases unresponsive to antibiotic treatment.
Amikacin ; Catheter-Related Infections ; Catheters ; Cefazolin ; Coagulase ; Enterococcus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fungi ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Pseudomonas ; Recurrence ; Serratia ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Tobramycin ; Vancomycin ; Xanthomonas

Occurence of lactic acidosis with adequate tissue oxygenation(type B lactic acidosis) has been described in association with leukemia, lymphoma, small cell carcinoma and breast cancer. However, no such case has been reported in Korea. Therefore, we report a case of type B lactic acidosis in a man with rapidly progressing acute lymphoblastic leukemia which had been transformed from lymphoma.
Acidosis, Lactic* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Lymphoma ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

Proteasomes are the primary degradation machinery for oxidatively damaged proteins that compose a class of misfolded protein substrates. Cellular levels of reactive oxygen species increase with age and this cellular propensity is particularly harmful when combined with the age-associated development of various human disorders including cancer, neurodegenerative disease and muscle atrophy. Proteasome activity is reportedly downregulated in these disease conditions. Herein, we report that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, mediates intermolecular protein cross-linkages through oxidation, and the resulting protein aggregates potently reduce proteasomal activity both in vitro and in cultured cells. Cellular models overexpressing aggregation-prone proteins such as tau showed significantly elevated levels of tau aggregates and total ubiquitin conjugates in the presence of DHA, thereby reflecting suppressed proteasome activity. Strong synergetic cytotoxicity was observed when the cells overexpressing tau were simultaneously treated with DHA. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine significantly desensitized the cells to DHA-induced oxidative stress. DHA significantly delayed the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins in a cellular atrophy model. Thus, the results of our study identified DHA as a potent inducer of cellular protein aggregates that inhibit proteasome activity and potentially delay systemic muscle protein degradation in certain pathologic conditions.
Atrophy ; Cells, Cultured ; Cysteine ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal* ; Muscle Proteins ; Muscular Atrophy* ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Oxidative Stress ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex* ; Protein Aggregates* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Ubiquitin

BACKGROUND: The cerebral vascular response to CO2 has been reported to be preserved during isoflurane and propofol anesthesia. This study compared the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio during normoventilation versus hyperventilation in propofol anesthesia and isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: 28 patients undergoing cerebral aneurysmal surgery were studied following informed consent. In the isoflurane group (n = 14), anesthesia was induced with thiopental 5 mg/kg, and maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide (N2O) in oxygen (FiO2 0.33). In the propofol group (n = 14), anesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg, and maintained by infusion of propofol and N2O-O2 (FiO2 0.33). Monitoring included measurement of mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, end-tidal CO2 (PetCO2), jugular bulb O2 saturation (SjO2) and arterial O2 saturation (SaO2). Mechanical ventilation was adjusted to achieve PetCO2 levels of 40 and 25 mmHg. Ten minutes of equilibration were allowed at each PetCO2 level. Blood was sampled from the jugular bulb and radial artery at each PetCO2 level (40 and 25 mmHg). The cerebral oxygen extraction ratio was calculated as (CaO2 CjO2) / CaO2 (CaO2; arterial oxygen content, CjO2; jugular bulb oxygen content). RESULTS: The cerebral oxygen extraction ratio was higher in hyperventilation (PetCO2 25 mmHg) compared to normoventilation (PetCO2 40 mmHg) in each group (P < 0.05) and higher in the propofol group compared to the isoflurane group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The increased cerebral oxygen extraction ratio in hyperventilation during both isoflurane and propofol anesthesia showed that cerebral vascular CO2 reactivity was maintained during both isoflurane anesthesia and propofol anesthesia. The cerebral oxygen extraction ratio was higher during propofol anesthesia compared to isoflurane anesthesia in both normoventilation and hyperventilation, therefore this data showed that cerebral blood flow was lower during propofol anesthesia compared to isoflurane anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Arterial Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Informed Consent ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Isoflurane* ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Radial Artery ; Respiration, Artificial ; Thiopental

To determine whether pinworm infections and head lice infestations spread among children in orphanages, 117 children from 4 orphanages in Busan-si and Ulsan-si, Korea, were examined for enterobiasis and head lice infestation between January and February 2014. The overall rate of Enterobius vermicularis egg positivity was 0.85%, whereas none of the children had head lice infestations. The rate of pinworm infection was much lower among the orphanage children compared to the rates observed in previous studies among kindergarten and primary school students. Moreover, the risk factors for enterobiasis were less frequent among these subjects than previously reported. The personal hygiene and health of the orphanage children were supervised by a regular, employed nurse through a health education program. In conclusion, pinworm infection was efficiently controlled among the children in orphanages, and this might be related to good personal hygiene practices in Korea.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterobiasis/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Enterobius/genetics/*isolation & purification/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Lice Infestations/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Male ; Orphanages/statistics & numerical data ; Pediculus/genetics/*physiology ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can involve the female genital tract usually as a manifestation of systemic disease, the vast majority of cases being B cell lineage. We report here one case of nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma arising in the uterus, of a 45-year-old Korean woman. The endometrium and myometrium showed diffuse infiltrative mass with hemorrhage and necrosis. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed medium-sized atypical lymphoid cells. The tumor cells were positive for cytoplasmic CD3 and CD56, and were negative for vimentin, CD10, smooth muscle actin and desmin. Furthermore, In situ hybridization analysis for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) RNA was positive. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with extranodal nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma. We report this case to illustrate that NK/T cell lymphomas can involve, and rarely arise in, the gynecologic tract.
Actins ; Animals ; Cell Lineage ; Cytoplasm ; Desmin ; Endometrium ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myometrium ; Necrosis ; RNA ; Uterus ; Vimentin

The ascarids, Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, are probably the most common gastrointestinal helminths encountered in dogs. In order to understand biological differences of 2 ascarids, we analyzed gene expression profiles of female adults of T. canis and T. leonina using CLC Genomics Workbench, and the results were compared with those of free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A total of 2,880 and 7,949 ESTs were collected from T. leonina and T. canis, respectively. The length of ESTs ranged from 106 to 4,637 bp with an average insert size of 820 bp. Overall, our results showed that most functional gene annotations of 2 ascarids were quite similar to each other in 3 major categories, i.e., cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Although some different transcript expression categories were found, the distance was short and it was not enough to explain their different lifestyles. However, we found distinguished transcript differences between ascarid parasites and free-living nematodes. Understanding evolutionary genetic changes might be helpful for studies of the lifestyle and evolution of parasites.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/*parasitology ; Dogs ; Female ; *Genomics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Toxascariasis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Toxascaris/*genetics/metabolism ; Toxocara canis/*genetics/metabolism ; Toxocariasis/*parasitology