No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: Several studies have shown that performance related musculoskeletal disorders present a significant and common health problem for instrument players. This study was conducted to investigate the symptom prevalence rate of performance-related musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors on symphony orchestra players. METHODS: The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders and related factors including demographic factors, occupational factors, psychosocial factors, practice and performance-related behaviors of on 156 symphony orchestra players in Taegu city were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Instrument players have performed for 14. 6 years in average and worked 4. 9 for years in average as a member of symphony orchestra. The subjects consisted of 106 string players, 48 wind players, and 8 percussion players. The symptom prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders according to the NIOSH surveillance criteria was 79. 6 % and operational criteria by authors was 45. 9 %. The prevalence rate of viola players was higher than violin players, and the prevalence rate of the bass players was higher than that of the cello players. In univariate analysis, job insecurity, irregular performance, stress from family problems, and performance related psychosomatic strains had a significant association with the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders. In multiple logistic regression, job insecurity, irregular performance, and stress from family problems were significant variables affecting the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders of instrument players. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggest that symphony orchestra players are high risk group of musculoskeletal disorders. Irregular performance schedule and psychosocial stress including job insecurity, and psychosomatic strain were important risk factors of players musculoskeletal disorders. An exercise program such as stretching before and after performance, regular performance schedule and reduction of psychosocial stress might be helpful for prevention of musculoskeletal disorders of instrument players.
Appointments and Schedules ; Bass ; Daegu ; Demography ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Percussion ; Prevalence ; Psychology ; Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Viola ; Wind

The authors studied depression in 5,869 college students (male: 3,893, female: 1,976) using Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The results are as follows: 1) Female college students showed significantly higher total depression scores than male college students (p<0.001). 2) The items of confusion, indecisiveness, and psychomotor retardation were scored higher in both groups and the items of suicidal rumination, psychomotor agitation, constipation and tachycardia were scored lower in both groups. 3) 18.2% of male college students showed rather serious depression level of score 50 or higher, while 33.1% of female college students showed the same scores. 4) The psychosocial factors relating to pessimistic views to past, present & future self-images showed significantly high depression scores. 5) The depression items of fatigue, anxiousness, tachycardia, apprehension, fear, and body aches & pain were correlated significantly over 0.40 of correlation coefficient.
Constipation ; Depression* ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychology ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Tachycardia

The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's SelfRating Anxiety Scale (SAS), in the subjects of 3,893 male and 1,976 female college students of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of SAS during the periods from October to November, 1984, and applied ANOVA and ttest on the anxiety scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results could be summarized as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety scores between male and female students; male students scored 36.92±7.07, female students scored 39.63±7.51, p<0.001. The anxiety scores relating to the items of sweating, apprehension, restlessness, insomnia, dyspnea were relatively higher in both groups. The anxiety scores in the items of paresthesias, mental disintegration, tremors, faintness, dizziness were lower in both groups. Two hundred and one male students (5.2%) showed seriously high anxiety scores of 50 or higher, while 201 female students (10.2%) showed the same scores. So the authors inferred that the features of anxiety symptoms were much the same in our country, but females showed more various symptoms and higher level of anxiety than males. In a comparison between male students in different school grades, freshmen showed the highest level of anxiety scores and as the grades of the students became higher, the levels of anxiety scores were lower. The female students who resided in dormitory or other residences, and whose educational fees were paid by brothers or sisters, showed higher level of anxiety scores. There was s strong tendency toward higher anxiety scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their colleges or departments, and who had pessimistic views of self-image in the past, present, or future, in both groups.
Anxiety* ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Fees and Charges ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Paresthesia ; Psychology ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Siblings ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tremor

In the implantation of intraocular lens, anterior chamber lenses are usually avoided in glaucoma patients. And because of its close anatomic proximity to the cornea, iris and outflow structures, anterior chamber lense may give rise to more complications as compared with posterior chamber lenses. Thus, the dramatic trend toward clear decrease in the number of anterior chamber lens implantations continues. But despite these complications, the anterior chamber lenses are most often implanted secondarily in the aphakic patients, who, after having had intracapsular cataract extraction or a complicated extracapsular cataract extraction, have lost posterior capsular support. To avoid the many potential complications associated with anterior chamber lenses, attention has shifted toward posterior chamber lens insertion in these cases and particularly in glaucoma patients. From January 1989 to June 1989, we performed newly developed surgical techniques for the implantation of posterior chamber lenses in 7 eyes, including 5 eyes with glaucoma, without posterior capsular support, This was done by securing both haptics of the posterior chamber lens to the sclera at the ciliary sulcus with 10-0 nylon suture. The patients have been followed from 3 to 8 months, all have achieved visual acuity of 20/30 or better without any serious complications, and the postoperative intraocular pressure was well controlled in all 5 eyes with glaucoma.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract Extraction ; Cornea ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Nylons ; Sclera ; Sutures ; Visual Acuity

We assessed the efficacy of trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in the management of congenital glaucoma of which prognosis is known to be poor. Twelve consecutive eyes of 7 primary congenital glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age was 3.2 years(ranging from 1 to 10 years) and the mean follow-up period was 31.6 months (ranging from 15 to 42 months). The mean postoperatie intraocular pressure (IOP) at the end of follow-up period was 11.0 +/-3.0mmHg, significantly lower than the mean preoperative IOP which was 25.4 +/-6.3mmHg (P<0.01). The overall success rate was 50% after a single procedure. All the 6 failed eyes underwent the same operation again and the overall success rate was 83%. The complications included hypotony in 4 eyes (33.3%) and shallow anterior chamber in 2 eyes (16.6%), and they were all resolved spontaneously. There was no evidence of hypotonic maculopathy and endophthalmitis. Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C successfully lowered the IOP in congenital glaucoma patients without serious complication and further investigation will be required to determine ling-term effects in terms of successful filtration and possible late complications.
Anterior Chamber ; Endophthalmitis ; Filtration ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy*

Background: Bone tumors can cause severe pain and poor quality of life due to recurrence and non-achievement of complete remission after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be considered for minimally invasive treatment of bone tumors that are difficult to radically excise. In this study, RFA was performed for bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise and did not respond to surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy due to their large sizes and/or locations. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and survival rates of bone tumors after RFA and provide one more treatment option for the future. Methods: There were 43 patients with bone tumors who underwent percutaneous RFA at our hospital from April 2007 to October 2017. The median age of the patients was 59 years (range, 31–75 years), and the median follow-up duration was 67.2 months (range, 10.2–130.5 months). Of the 43 patients, 26 were male and 17 were female. Thirty-four cases were metastatic bone tumors, 5 were chordomas, 3 were osteosarcomas, and 1 was a giant cell tumor. Pain and functional ability of the patients were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional scoring system, respectively. Scores were recorded preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The mean VAS score was 8.21 preoperatively. The mean VAS score at 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks postoperatively were 3.91, 3.67, 3.31, and 3.12, respectively. The mean preoperative MSTS score was 64.0% (range, 32%–87%). The mean postoperative MSTS score was 71.0% (range, 40%–90%). The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rates were 95.3%, 69.8%, and 30.2%, respectively. Conclusions As per our study findings, RFA was effective in reducing pain and improving functional ability of patients with bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise.

Background: Bone tumors can cause severe pain and poor quality of life due to recurrence and non-achievement of complete remission after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be considered for minimally invasive treatment of bone tumors that are difficult to radically excise. In this study, RFA was performed for bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise and did not respond to surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy due to their large sizes and/or locations. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and survival rates of bone tumors after RFA and provide one more treatment option for the future. Methods: There were 43 patients with bone tumors who underwent percutaneous RFA at our hospital from April 2007 to October 2017. The median age of the patients was 59 years (range, 31–75 years), and the median follow-up duration was 67.2 months (range, 10.2–130.5 months). Of the 43 patients, 26 were male and 17 were female. Thirty-four cases were metastatic bone tumors, 5 were chordomas, 3 were osteosarcomas, and 1 was a giant cell tumor. Pain and functional ability of the patients were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional scoring system, respectively. Scores were recorded preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The mean VAS score was 8.21 preoperatively. The mean VAS score at 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks postoperatively were 3.91, 3.67, 3.31, and 3.12, respectively. The mean preoperative MSTS score was 64.0% (range, 32%–87%). The mean postoperative MSTS score was 71.0% (range, 40%–90%). The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rates were 95.3%, 69.8%, and 30.2%, respectively. Conclusions As per our study findings, RFA was effective in reducing pain and improving functional ability of patients with bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise.

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Scoliosis*

We analyzed the optic nerve head of 100 normal eyes with a confocal scanning laser tomograph(Heidelberg Retina Tomograph: HRT), and got the mean value of each parameter in HRT. We also examined 84 eyes of glaucoma patients. Glaucoma patients were divided into 3 groups according to decibel(dB) loss of mean defect on Humphrey visual field test(Central 30-2 program; Group 1:less than 5dB, group 2:between 5dB and 10dB. group 3:greater than 10dB). The mean value of the parameter in HRT are as follows: disk area, 2.35mm2; cup area, 0.48mm2; C/D ratio, 0.20; rim area, 1.86mm2; cup volume, 0.10mm2; rim volume, 0.55mm2; mean cup depth, 0.19mm; maximal cup depth, 0.59mm; cup shape measure, -0.23; height variation contour, 0.42; mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, 0.28mm; retinal nerve fiber layer cross sectional area, 1.52mm2. Comparing with normal subjects, group 1 patients had significant difference in cup area, C/D ratio, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, mean cup depth, maximal cup depth, cup shape measure, height variation contour, and mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. All glaucoma patients had significantly different value in all parameters. The comparison among each group of glaucoma patients showed significant difference in cup area, C/D ratio, rim area, cup volume, rim volume, cup shape measure, and mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Fields