No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Intention* ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among family functioning, empathy and aggression by high school students. METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 467 high school students from M city. Data were collected from November 29 to December 7, 2012 and self-report questionnaires including a Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Indexes, and an Aggression Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects were 2nd graders (42.0%) and female (57.2%). 59.7% of the subjects had religion, 84.8% were living together with parents. The mean ages of their fathers and mothers were 49.90+/-0.20 and 46.85+/-0.19 respectively. Aggression was found to have a statistically negative correlation with family functioning and empathy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of aggression was empathic concern. Empathic concern, family cohesiveness, perspective taking, personal distress and gender accounted for 16.7% of the variances. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide aggressiveness reduction programs for high school students that consider their family functioning and empathy.
Aggression* ; Empathy* ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Systolic time interval measurements were made sequentially during second, third trimesters and postpartum period. Recordings were made in the supine position after bed rest for at least five minutes in order to obtain a steady state. In second trimester, pre-ejection period index (PEPI) was significantly shortened and left ventricular ejection period index(LVETI) remained normal while PEP/LVET decreased. Four possible mechanisms may be involved to account for the alterations in hemodynamic changes during this period(late stage of second trimester) : (1) increased metabolic demands of pregnancy: (2) hemodynamic effects of hypervolemia: (3) circulatory adjustments secondary to an arteriovenous shunt-like effect of the placental circulation: (4) cardiovascular effect of steroid hormone. The third trimester was characterized-by a markedly shortened LVETI, a prolonged PEPI and PEP/LVET. This findings are consistent with impaired left ventricular performance and are probably due to decreased left ventricular preload resulting from diminished venous return secondary to inferior vena caval obstruction by the large gravid uterus. In the postpartum period, the PEPI and PEP/LVET remained elevated and the LVETI shortened in the supine position. It is concluded that alterations in systolic time intervals occur normally during the course of uncomplicated pregnancy and persist into the postpartum period.
Bed Rest ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Placental Circulation ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third* ; Supine Position ; Systole* ; Uterus

The tarsal tunnel is located beneath the flexor retinaculum, which connects the medial malleolus and calacaneus. The tarsal tunnel contains the posterior tibialis tendon, flexor digitorum longus tendon, posterior tibial artery and vein, posterior tibial nerve, and flexor halluces longus tendon. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a compressive neuropathy of posterior tibial nerve and its branches under the flexor retinaculum. The etiologies of tarsal tunnel syndrome are space-occupying lesion, hypertrophied flexor retinaculum, osteophytes, tarsal coalition, varicose vein, and trauma. The symptoms are foot pain and hypoesthesia or paresthesia at dermatome according to involving nerve branches. Clinical diagnosis can be obtained from a detailed history and physical examination such as compressive test at the tarsal tunnel area. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging can reveal the space-occupying lesion, such as ganglion, lipoma, and neuroma. The initial treatments of tarsal tunnel syndrome are conservative management, such as physical therapy, night splint, and steroid injection. Surgical decompression is indicated after failure of conservative managements. Variable results of surgical treatment have been reported. Favorable result after decompression could be obtained from young patients, early onset symptoms, and space-occupying lesion.
Decompression ; Decompression, Surgical ; Diagnosis ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Lipoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroma ; Osteophyte ; Paresthesia ; Physical Examination ; Splints ; Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Tendons ; Tibial Arteries ; Tibial Nerve ; Ultrasonography ; Varicose Veins ; Veins

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance discovered or onset during pregnancy and attention is needed because of increased risk of perinatal morbidties and higher incidence of diabetes afterward. This study was performed to identify dietary factors associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Developed food frequency questionnaire containing 192 food items were used to assess nutritional status of 246 control subjects and 104 GDM subjects. Food habits of subjects were examined in the questionnaire. The more irregularity and less variety of meal were found in GDM group compared to control group and GDM group tended to eat rapidly and do not like vegetables and greasy foods. Total score of food habits in GDM was lower than control group, which suggests that GDM group have undesirable food habits. Mean daily energy and carbohydrate intakes of GDM group were higher than those of control group, and percent energy from protein was significantly higher in control. Nutrient density of protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin B1 of GDM group was significantly lower than those of control group. Therefore dietary quality of GDM group was lower than that of control group. Odds ratio for GDM was high when energy and carbohydrate intakes were high. And when the intakes of rice, noodle, shiruduk, hamburger, boiled egg, steamed pork shank were high, the odds ratio for GDM was high. These results indicate that the amount and frequencies of several foods and dish items were related with the occurrence of GDM subjects. On the whole, GDM subjects consumed more cereals and less vegetables and less legumes. From these results, pregnant women with GDM tended to have unhealthy food habits, and carbohydrate intake was important dietary factors on the onset of GDM.
Calcium ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Diet ; Edible Grain ; Fabaceae ; Female ; Food Habits ; Glucose Intolerance ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meals ; Nutritional Status ; Odds Ratio ; Ovum ; Phosphorus ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Steam ; Thiamine ; Vegetables

Frontal osteomyelitis, frequently characterized by the classical sign of Pott's puffy tumor, is a serious life-threatening complication of frontal sinus infection. Anterior extension of the frontal sinus infection leads to osteomyelitis of the frontal bone and subperiosteal abscess. Surgical options are necessitated by the location and extent of infection, and include trephination, frontal sinus obliteration, and craniotomy. Recent advances in endoscopic sinus surgery have provided surgeons another access to the frontal recess. Examination of the frontal recess and removal of obstructive ethmoidal cells or diseased mucosa becomes feasible with nasal endoscopes. We report a recent encounter with a case of frontal osteomyelitis managed by endoscopic sinus surgery in a 22-year-old healthy male. We think that endoscopic sinus surgery is a good approach which can be carried out for the treatment of frontal sinus diseases and its complication.
Abscess ; Craniotomy ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy ; Frontal Bone ; Frontal Sinus ; Frontal Sinusitis ; Humans ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Osteomyelitis* ; Pott Puffy Tumor ; Trephining ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Synovial sarcoma is an uncommon malignant soft tissue tumor mostly prevalent in young adults. Previous studies analyzing the prognostic factors have been limited due to the inclusion of heterogenous cohorts of patients with nonextremity and recurrent tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the independent prognostic factors for the treatment methods associated with local recurrence and metastasis of primary synovial sarcoma localized to the extremities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 1999 and June 2014, a total of 79 patients were diagnosed with synovial sarcoma, of which 73 underwent wide excision at Kosin University Gospel Hospital and were followed-up for 60 months (24-72 months). The analyzed prognostic factors were treatment methods for local recurrence and metastasis during the postoperative follow-up period. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: For local recurrence according to the treatment methods, 9 recurrences occurred in 9 surgical treatments, 8 in 20 chemotherapy added surgical treatments, 13 in 20 radiotherapy added surgical treatments, and 4 in 24 chemotherapy with radiotherapy added surgical treatments. For metastasis according to the treatment methods, 9, 5, 12, and 2 metastases occurred respectively. Chemotherapy had statistical significance in multivariate analysis (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy can be useful for the treatment of synovial sarcoma.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cohort Studies ; Drug Therapy ; Extremities* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma, Synovial* ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The need for a new healthcare system is growing due to the paradigm shift from health supervision to health maintenance. Previously, we performed a pilot study that examined the effectiveness of a ubiquitous healthcare (U-healthcare) diabetes management program which consists of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and mobile phone services for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the effect of a diabetes management program using U-healthcare based on the self-care skills of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: From July to October 2005, 17 patients were recruited and provided with a blood glucometer with the ZigBee module and a mobile phone. In addition, the patients' understanding of diabetes self-care skills was examined at the beginning and end of the study. At the end of the study, we determined the level of patient satisfaction regarding U-healthcare services. RESULTS: The patients' test scores on their understanding of diabetes mellitus improved from 57.2 +/- 20.7 to 72.7 +/- 13.4%. Specifically, patient knowledge of the basic principles for a proper diabetic diet (52.9% vs. 82.4%, P = 0.046), foods that influence blood sugar level (41.2% vs. 76.5%, P = 0.007) and the influence of beverage choice (41.2% vs. 64.7%, P = 0.007), all increased. In addition, a significant increase in knowledge of living standards regarding diabetes mellitus was observed (64.7% vs. 88.2%, P = 0.0032). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the U-healthcare incorporating SMBG could be promising, as it improves self-management skills of diabetes mellitus patients, as well as their understanding of the disease.
Aged ; Beverages ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring ; Cellular Phone ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet, Diabetic ; Health Services Research ; Humans ; Organization and Administration ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pilot Projects ; Self Care ; Socioeconomic Factors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Correct diagnosis for allergic rhinitis is important for optimal management. A thorough history should be taken, followed by general and endoscopic examinations and confirmatory investigations. The role of diagnostic tests in the evaluation of patients with allergic rhinitis continues to evolve. This clinical study was performed to identify the relationship between clinical history and diagnostic tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaire surveys for clinical history, skin test, RAST, and nasal provocation test (acoustic rhinometry and symptom score) to the house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were performed in 100 patients from July, 1996 to August, 1998 at Inha University Hospital. The relationship between clinical history (change of syagoides pteronyssinus antigen (Allergopharma, Reinbeck, USA) was sprayed and 15 with PC-SAS. (ver 6.120) RESULTS: There was no correlation between clinical history and the diagnostic tests. However there was a correlation between the results of either skin or RAST testing and those of nasal provocation test. CONCLUSIONS: More careful and complete history taking is needed for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. The combined use of RAST, skin testing and nasal provocation test yields more information.
Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Nasal Provocation Tests* ; Pyroglyphidae ; Rhinitis* ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Hallux valgus is a lateral deviation of the first phalanx and medial deviation of the first metatarsal at the first metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint. Its incidence has increased due to developing footwear. The etiologies include fashion footwear, genetic causes, anatomical abnormality around the foot, rheumatoid arthritis, and neuromuscular disorders. Physiologic alignment of the first MP joint is maintained by congruent and symmetric alignment of the articular surface of the first proximal phalanx and first metatarsal head, physiologic relationship of the distal first metatarsal articular surface and the first metatarsal shaft axis, and stable balance of soft tissue around the first MP joint and stable tarsometatarsal joint. Several factors have been associated with hallux valgus, including pes planus, hypermobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint, flattened shape of the first metatarsal head, increased distal metatarsal articular angle, and deformation of the medial capsular integrity. History and physical examination are very important to diagnosis of hallux valgus. Simple radiography provides information on deformity, particularly in weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Understanding the etiologies and pathophysiology is very important for success in treatment of patients with hallux valgus.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis* ; Flatfoot ; Foot ; Hallux Valgus* ; Head ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Metatarsal Bones ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Weight-Bearing