We have experienced an unusual case of hemorrhagic renal cyst in the rt. kidney at 58 years old woman. The Rt. kidney was enlarged, and showed a few subcapsular ischemic areas The color of kidney was dark brown. As the cyst at lower pole of rt. kidney was dissected, hemorrhagic fluid visualized in the cystic cavity. The final pathologic finding was renal cyst associated with malignant change and renal cell carcinoma at another renal parenchyma. Herein, hemorrhagic renal cyst, a rare clinical entity, was reported with review of literatures.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Middle Aged

Spontaneous Subcapsular hematoma of the kidney is relatively uncommon. Although several cases have been recorded in the literature, the diagnosis was seldom made preoperatively. Selective renal angiography provide an excellent means of diagnosing this lesion prior to surgery. Case I: A 37 years male was admitted with the right flank pain and hematuria. Excretory urogram showed moderate hydronephrosis and a cystic shadow compressing upper calices. Selective renal angiography showed strip-like curvilinear capsular density outside the nonopacifying mass. By exploration, blood clots, about 300 c. c., between renal parenchyma and renal capsule was evacuated. The cause of the hematoma is uncertain whether it is from ruptured aneurysm or due to hydronephrosis. Case II : A 54-year-old woman was hospitalized with right flank discomfortness and mild fever. Intravenous pyelogram revealed increased size of the right kidney and angiogram demonstrated the compressed and flattened renal parenchyma by a nonopacifying mass and renal capsule on the outer margin of the mass. Blood clots, about 200 c.c., inside the renal capsule which compressed renal parenchyma was evacuated.
Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney* ; Male ; Middle Aged

Furosemide acts primarily on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and inhibits the chloride transport in this site, which is the main mechanism of diuretic action of furosemide However, the precise molecular mechanism of diuretic action of furosemide is still unknown. Recent studies have shown that cGMP might be involved in diuretic effect of furosemide. In this study, the effects of furosemide on the renal tissue level of cGMP in vivo and on the renal guanylate cyclase in vitro were investigated. Also, the influence of aspirin on these effects was examined. The results were as follows: 1. The renal tissue level of cGMP was increased after administration of furosemide, but decreased after administration of aspirin. A combined administration of furosemide and aspirin increased the renal tissue level of cGMP, but the degree of elevation was less than those of the furosemide group. 2. The renal guanylate cyclase activity was slightly increased by furosemide, but this increase was not significant. The renal guanylate cyclase activity was significantly increased by arachidonic acid. Furosemide potentiated the effect of arachidonic acid on renal guanylate cyclase activity, which was inhibited by aspirin. These results indicate that effect of furosemide on renal tissue level of cGMP may be indirect effect that furosemide activates guanylate cyclase by means of increasing prostaglandin synthesis.
Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Aspirin ; Diuretics ; Extremities ; Furosemide* ; Guanylate Cyclase* ; Loop of Henle ; Rats*

The clinical observation were performed 66 cases of reoperation in department of Urology. Catholic Medical College during the period from August. 1968 to July, 1977. The result were as follows: 1. Of the total patients underwent reoperation were 66 cases (3.4%), which were operated previously from our department (36 cases) and another hospital(30 cases), respectively. 2. In organ distribution, the ureter were 22 cases(31. 9%), urethra 17 cases(24.7%) Kidney 10 cases (14.5%), bladder 10 cases(14.5%). 3. The title of reoperations consist of urethroplasty 15 cases(31. 3%), fistulectomy 13 cases(20. 3%), nephrectomy 7 cases(11. 1%), cutaneoureterostomy 6 cases(9. 4%), ureteral reimplantation 5 cases(7. 8%).
Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Reoperation* ; Replantation ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urology*

PURPOSE: Type III 5-alpha reductase (SRD5A3; steroid 5-alpha reductase 3) may be associated with the progression of prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of our study was to determine whether the length of AC repeats in the SRD5A3 gene is associated with the risk of PCa and the expression of androgen receptor (AR) protein in Korean men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared the length of AC repeats in the short tandem repeat (STR) region of the SRD5A3 gene in 68 PCa patients and 81 control subjects by genotyping. A total of 55 patients in the PCa group underwent radical prostatectomy. We evaluated the expression of AR protein by using Western blotting and tested the association between the type of AC repeats in the SRD5A3 gene and AR protein expression and clinical and pathologic parameters. RESULTS: The short type of STR had less than 21 copies of AC repeats in the SRD5A3 gene. The SS type (short and short type) of STR of the SRD5A3 gene was 2.2 times as likely to occur in PCa patients as in controls (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 4.31; p=0.019). However, AC repeats of the SRD5A3 gene were not associated with AR protein expression or clinical or pathologic parameters in PCa samples. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the short AC repeats of SRD5A3 polymorphism are associated with an increased risk of PCa. SRD5A3 polymorphism may contribute to a genetic predisposition for PCa.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase ; Blotting, Western ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Oxidoreductases ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Receptors, Androgen

A statistical observation was made on 856 in-patients with operative procedures in the Department of Urology, Catholic Medical College, During the period from January 1, 1971 to December 31, 1975.
Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Urology

STUDY DESIGN: In vitro experimental study OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of a synovial supernatant on the cell viability, osteogenic phenotype, mRNA expression of the types collagen and various transcriptional factors on osteogenesis in ligamentum flavum (LF) cells stimulated with synovial fluid from a degenerated facet joint. LITERATURE REVIEW: In degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, hypertrophied LF or osteoarthritic hypertrophy of a facet joint often causes neurogenic claudication. The facet joint is a synovial joint with hyaline cartilage on each side. Therefore, osteoarthritis of a facet joint eventually occurs with aging and other degenerative conditions of the spine. In lumbar spinal degeneration, inflammatory mediators or cytokines are released from the facet joint tissue, which consequently affects the adjacent LF because the LF covers posterolateral aspect of the spinal canal near facet joints. However, there are no reports on the relationship between a degenerated facet joint fluid and the LF in the lumbar spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LF surgical specimens were obtained from patients with a lumbar spine stenosis, and the cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion. Each of the synovium tissues were weighed and recorded. Each tissue was cut into small pieces with a pair of scissors and then washed 3 times with PBS. The washed tissue pieces were then cultured for 96 hr at 37degrees C, 5% CO2 in DMEM/F-12-0.1% FBS with a density of 200 mg/ml medium. The supernatant was collected after 96 hr. In order to measure quantitatively the proliferation of cells, the AlamarBlue assay was used. The total cellular RNA was extracted from the cells and amplification reactions specific to the following types of cDNA were performed: the osteogenic master transcription factors, Dlx5, Runx2, osterix, and types collagen and osteocalcin. Alkaline phosphatase staining for the biochemical assay and western blotting for osteocalcin protein expression were performed. RESULTS: Human LF cells cultured with the supernatant from the facet synovium showed a slightly stronger AlamarBlue staining than the intensity of the control culture. RT-PCR revealed the upregulation of the osteogenic master transcription factors, Dlx5, Runx2, and osterix in the synovium supernatant group from one hour to 72 hours, and an increase in osteocalcin, types collagen I, III, V, XI levels from one hour to one week. LF cells cultured with the supernatant from the facet synovium showed positive staining for alkaline phosphatase. The level of the osteocalcin protein in the LF cells cultured with the supernatant from the facet synovium was higher than the control group. Conclusions: The supernatant of the facet joint from patients with degenerative spinal stenosis affects LF cells by increasing the level of cellular proliferation, upregulating the mRNA expression of osteocalcin, types of collagen, osteogenic transcription factors, positive alkaline phosphatase staining, and osteocalcin protein expression. Therefore, degenerated synovial fluid from the facet joint is an important mechanism of LF hypertrophy and ossification.
Aging ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Collagen ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cytokines ; Digestion ; DNA, Complementary ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Hypertrophy* ; Joints ; Ligamentum Flavum* ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteocalcin ; Osteogenesis ; Phenotype ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine ; Synovial Fluid* ; Synovial Membrane ; Transcription Factors ; Up-Regulation ; Zygapophyseal Joint

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: First, to examine the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and the halo phenomenon, and second, to investigate risk factors predisposing to the halo phenomenon and its correlation with clinical outcomes. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The few in vivo studies regarding the relationship between pedicle screw stability and BMD have shown conflicting results. METHODS: Forty-four female patients who underwent spine fusion surgery due to spinal stenosis were included in this study. The halo phenomenon and fusion state were evaluated through plain radiographs performed immediately after surgery and through the final outpatient follow-up examination. BMD, osteoarthritis grade in the hip and knee joints, and surgical outcome were also evaluated. RESULTS: BMD was not related to the halo phenomenon, but age, absence of osteoarthritis in the knee, and non-union state were found to be significant risk factors for the halo phenomenon. However, the radiological halo phenomenon did not correlate with clinical outcome (visual analogue scale for back pain and leg pain). CONCLUSIONS: The halo phenomenon is a simple phenomenon that can develop during follow-up after pedicle screw fixation. It does not influence clinical outcomes, and thus it is thought that hydroxyapatite coating screws, expandable screws, cement augmentation, and additional surgeries are not required, if their purpose is to prevent the halo phenomenon.
Back Pain ; Bone Density ; Durapatite ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Osteoarthritis ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: Most studies have reported the effects of short-term double-J ureteral stenting on patient symptoms. We reviewed the changes in symptoms and the factors associated with tolerance due to long-term stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated 20 patients (mean age+/-SD, 58.3+/-11.8 years). The patients consisted of those with cervical cancer (n=12), retroperitoneal fibrosis (n=5), colon cancer (n=1), rectal cancer (n=1), and endometrial cancer (n=1). A questionnaire that included domains for urinary symptoms and quality of life (QoL) scores for evaluation of urinary symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score, or IPSS), a 10-cm linear visual analogue scale (VAS) score rated from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unendurable pain) for tolerance, and uroflowmetry were performed at every replacement. RESULTS: Frequency and urgency on the storage symptom score, residual urine sensations, and intermittency on the voiding symptom score were significantly aggravated at the initial stenting (p<0.05), but the sum of the storage symptom score and urgency improved with time (p<0.05). The quality of life score and total IPSS score also changed significantly (p<0.05). However, although the QoL score and the total IPSS score after stenting were not decreased to less than before stenting, the QoL score was significantly decreased at 9 months (p<0.05), and the total IPSS score was significantly decreased at 12 months (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The symptoms were acutely aggravated at first, but the results showed increased tolerance with time. Adaptation of the bladder and desensitization of the patients may be important factors in the increased tolerance.
Colonic Neoplasms ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Prostate ; Quality of Life ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis ; Sensation ; Stents ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Corynebacterium (C.) bovis infection in nude mice causes hyperkeratosis and weight loss and has been reported worldwide but not in Korea. In 2011, nude mice from an animal facility in Korea were found to have white flakes on their dorsal skin. Histopathological testing revealed that the mice had hyperkeratosis and Gram-positive bacteria were found in the skin. We identified isolated bacteria from the skin lesions as C. bovis using PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. bovis infection in nude mice from Korea.
Animals ; Corynebacterium/*isolation & purification ; Corynebacterium Infections/*microbiology/pathology ; *Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Rodent Diseases/*microbiology/pathology ; Skin Diseases, Bacterial/*microbiology/pathology