PURPOSE: Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL) is associated with various neurologic sequelae such as cerebral palsy and cortical blindness. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between the degree of PVL on MRI and clinical features or its severity. METHODS:Thirty-eight children with PVL on MRI among children brought to Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and August 1999 with development delay, cerebral palsy or epilepsy were included into the study group. We reviewed medical records of the patients including the gestational age, birth weight and neurologic sequelae. The grade for PVL was divided into 1 to 3, and it was based on abnormally increased signal intensity in periventricular white matter or a reduced amount of periventricular white matter or both, and compensatory focal ventricular enlargement. We analysed the relationship of the grade of PVL and various clinical findings. RESULTS: The age ranged from 11 months to 13 years old with a mean of 42 months. History of cesarean delivery and ventilator care were significantly frequent for the severe grade of PVL. Birth weight was significantly lower according to grade of PVL. Gestational age was lower according to the grade of PVL, but was not significant statistically. Incidence of cerebral palsy was significantly higher on the severe grade of PVL. Incidence of epilepsy and mental retardation were 34.2Yo and 23.9M, not associated with the grade of PVL. CONCLUSION: Incidence of cerebral palsy was associated with the severe grade of PVL, so we think MRI can be helpful in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43 798-805)
Adolescent ; Birth Weight ; Blindness, Cortical ; Brain* ; Busan ; Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Epilepsy ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Intellectual Disability ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Roentgenograms of the chest were reviewed from 122 childrens with acute glomeruloneph ritis. Abnormalities were found in 110 roentgenograms. These included cardiomegaly in 82(67.2%), prominent pulmonary vasculature in 98(80.3%), pleural effusion in 35(28.6%), pulmonary edema in 24(19.6%), and pulmonary consolidation in 20(16.3%). The roentgen findings in the chest, although not pathognomic, may have diagnostic values occasionally.
Cardiomegaly ; Child* ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Edema ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Holoprosencephaly*

In order to see whether the binocular patching with cycloplegia improves the prognosis in the treatmet of traumatic hyphema, we studied prospectively 77 patients with nonperforating traumatic hyphema who were admitted and treated at the Chonnam University Hospital between January 1994 and July 1995. We analyzed the clearance time of blood clot in the anterior chamber, the incidence of rebleeding and the final visual acuity. The patients were divided into four groups : group I, of 17 patients treated by monocular patching ; group II, of 19 patients treated by monocular patching with cycloplegia ; group III, of 20 patients treated by absolute bed rest with binocular patching ; group IV, of 21 patients treated by absolute bed rest with binocular patching and cycloplegia. The average clearance time of blood clot was 7.4 days in group I, 7.4 days in group II, 6.9 days in group III and 7.5 days in group IV. The incidence of rebleeding was 5.8% (n=1) in group I, 10.5% (n=2) in group II, 0% (n=0) in group III, 14.3% (n=3) in group IV. The final visual acuity of 0.6 or better was achieved in 10 patients (58.8%) of group I, 13 patients (68.4%) of group II, 13 patients (65.0%) of group III, 14 patients (66.7%) of group IV. In the treatment of traumatic hyphema, binocular and monocular groups as well as cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic groups showed no significant difference from each other in the clearance time of blood clot, incidence of rebleeding and the final visual acuity.
Anterior Chamber ; Bed Rest ; Humans ; Hyphema* ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to figure out the characteristics and differences of therapeutic environment by classifying into closed-ward inpatient, open-ward inpatient and community residence outpatient environment and comparing objective and subjective quality of life of each group. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 67 open-ward chronic inpatients, 58 closed -ward inpatients in the National Naju Mental Hospital and 85 outpatients living in Naju. We measured objective and subjective quality of life using semi-structural interview by Leman's quality of life scale and compared the 3 groups. We used one-way ANOVA and chi-square test to analyze the differences of the 3 groups. RESULTS: Open-ward inpatients who have autonomy and various community service program were more satisfied with their general life than the others. Community residence outpatients spent more money and less assaults experience but their leisure activities and social contact frequencies were lower than in the inpatients. Outpatients were less satisfied with their health, finances and leasure activities. Inpatients had more leisure activities and higher social contact frequency than outpatients. They were more satisfied with their finances despite of spending less the money monthly than the outpatients. They experienced violence and damage more often for the past one year and were more satisfied with their health. CONCLUSION: The quality of life reported by chronic mental patients differed according to the characteristics of therapeutic environment. The life-quality of open-ward inpatients were the highest among the 3 groups. It is necessary to serve various community service program so that we can improve the life-quality of community residence outpatients.
Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Jeollanam-do ; Leisure Activities ; Mentally Ill Persons* ; Outpatients ; Quality of Life* ; Social Welfare ; Violence

PURPOSE: To compare clinical outcome after Ahmed valve implantation and Molteno implantation with tube ligature and releasable internal stent insertion METHODS: The medical records of 56 eyes, which were followed up more than 6 months, after either Ahmed valve implantation (20 eyes, group A) or Molteno implantation (36 eyes, group M) were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 2 and 6 months and the number of glaucoma medication were measured. Comprehensive success was defined at IOP less than 22 mmHg or when there was a 30 % reduction of preoperative IOP regardless of glaucoma medication. Qualified success was defined at IOP less than 22 mmHg regardless of glaucoma medication. Complete success was defined at IOP less than 22 mmHg without glaucoma medication. RESULTS: There is no statistical significance in postoperative IOP at all the times between groups A and M (p>0.05). Comprehensive success rate between groups A (75.0 %) and M (91.7 %) was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Qualified success rate between groups A (65.0 %) and M (86.1 %) was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Complete success rate between groups A (10.0 %) and M (30.6 %) was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate at postoperative 6 months between Ahmed valve implantation and Molteno implantation with tube ligature and releasable internal stent insertion.
Glaucoma ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ligation ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents

PMMA(polymethyl Methacrylate) introcular lens(IOL) has been designed for making surface hydrophobic. Hydrophilic IOL has advantages such as less damage of corneal endothelium and less attachment of inflammatory cells on the IOL surface especially in case of uveitis or diabetes mellitus. Therefore, hydrophilic IOL is regarded as a biocompatible IOL. In this study, we made PMMAs hydrophilic using hydrolysis (described in The Effect of Hydrophilic Treatment of PMMA using Hydrolysis on Light Transmission and Cell Attachment in Vitro (I)). The number of PMMA treated in each condition was twelve and each PMMA has been implanted into rat peritoneal space. These PMMAs were examined with inverted light microscope and scanning electron microscope 3 days and 7-14 days after implantation. The number of cell attachment on pMMA-1 or PMMA-2 was about 1/5 of that on PMMA-0 and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of cell attachment between PMMA-1 and PMMA-2. The cells on PMMA-0 showed prominent cytoplasmic processes, while those on PMMA-1 or PMMA-2 showed little processes. The majority of the surface PMMA-0 was covered with membrane light sheet. Therefore, it was found that treatment of PMMA with Isopropranol and NaOH was useful in making PMMA dydrophilic and decreasing the cell attachment on PMMA in vivo.
Animals ; Cataract ; Cytoplasm ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Hydrolysis* ; Membranes ; Polymethyl Methacrylate* ; Rats ; Uveitis

For many years, interest in cardiac function has primarily centered around the systolic pump performance of the left ventricle. it is now recognized, however, that diastolic abnormalities may be just as important in the pathophysiology of certain cardiac disease states. To examine the left ventricular abnormalities (especially diastolic events) in hypertension, diastolic and systolic time intervals were measured from simultaneous high-speed recordings of a phonocardiogram, ECGs, apexcardiogram, echocardiogram and external carotid pulse in 35 hypertensive patients and were compared with those in 15 normal subjects. The hypertensive patients showed significantly prolonged preejection period (PEP) and shortened ejection time (ET), compared to those in normal control subjects (p<0.005, p<0.05 respectively). The PEP/ET ratio too was different from the control subjects in hypertensive patients (0.335+/-0.050 vs 0.422+/-0.666; p<0.005). The isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) was increased to 81.3+/-15.0 msec, which was significantly longer (p<0.005) than in normal subjects (56.7+/-10.7 msec), in patients with hypertension. The active filling period (AFP) was also prolonged. In patients with hypertension there was no significant difference in rapid filling period and slow filling period compared with those in normal subjects. It is likely that in hypertensive patients the alterations of diastolic time intervals, reflecting disorders in elasticity and compliance, may occur in conjunction with abnormal systolic events.
Compliance ; Elasticity ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Relaxation ; Systole*

Acidosis ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Cyanosis ; Dantrolene ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Pentobarbital ; Succinylcholine ; Tachycardia

Pregnolone[5beta-pregnan-3alpha-ol-one(5beta3alpha)] and allopregnanolone [(5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one(5alpha3alpha))] are neuroactive steroids that are reduced metabolites of progesterone. It was reported that Neuroactive steroids may have anxiolytic and anticonvulsant action similar to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the interaction of steroids with GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor complex. The effect of steroids on the ligands binding to GABAA receptor complex was investigated using rat cortices. 5beta3alpha and 5alpha3alpha enhanced the binding of [3H] flunitrazepam to GABAA receptor, but testosterone, progesterone and dexamethasone did not. GABA also showed the enhancement of [3H] flunitrazepam binding, but did not show the additive effect. Unlike to GABA, 5beta3alpha and 5alpha3alpha did not affect on the [3H] muscimol binding to rat cortices. From these findings, it can be concluded that Neuroactive steroids are potent positive modulators of the GABA A receptor, and do not act at GABA binding site.
Animals ; Barbiturates ; Benzodiazepines ; Binding Sites ; Dexamethasone ; Flunitrazepam ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Ligands ; Muscimol ; Pregnanolone ; Progesterone ; Rats ; Receptors, GABA-A ; Steroids* ; Testosterone