No Abstract Available.
Cataract*

Trichotillomania is the cllinical syndrome of alopecia resulting from the repetative pulling, plueking and breaking of ones own hair. We report four cases of trichotillomania in 10 year old children. The lesions were limited to the scalp. All of them had psychiatric problems in the school or home according to a psychiatric consultation. The histopathologic examinatiorii revealed a normal number of hair follices, empty hair follicles and no inflammatory reaction. The treatment led to hair growth in three cases but one case did not respond to the treatment.
Alopecia ; Child ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Scalp ; Trichotillomania*

A 6-year-old male patient had been suffering from angular cheilitis and paronychia with fragmentation and dystrophic change of the finger nails. Laboratory findings showed low serum iron level and anemia. Immunologic studies revealed defects in cell mediated immunity. KOH examination and culture of specimens from the lesions showed hyphal elements and growth of Candida albicans respectively. Concomitantly itraconazole and iron sulfate were administered. Four months after treatment he was free of any clinical evidence of the disease.
Anemia ; Candida albicans ; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous* ; Cheilitis ; Child ; Fingers ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Iron ; Itraconazole ; Male ; Paronychia

Hypertensive encephalopathy is an acute clinical syndrome that shows central nerve dysfunction with sudden and marked elevation in blood pressure. But its pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical courses and prognosis are still not clear. In order to study clinical manifestations and response to treatment in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy, we reviewed 45 patients with hypertensive encephalopathy who were admitted in Dept. of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, from January 1975 to December 1984. The following results were obtained: 1) The ratio of male to female was 1.1:1. The peak age of incidence was in the 6th and 7th decade with mean age of 57.5 years. 2) Among 45 patients, only 29 had known history of hypertension and the average duration of hypertension was 8.1+/-3.6 years. 3) The most common sympotm was severe headache (68.9%). And altered consciousness, nausea and/or vomiting, focal neurologic signs and visual disturbance were also common symptoms in decreasing order of frequency. 4) Funduscopic examination showed hypertensive retinopathy in 20 of 24 (91.7%) patients and lumbar puncture revealed increased CSF pressure in 12 of 20 (60%) patients. 5) In most patients, the mean interval to symptomatic improvement was 2.1 days after administration of anti hypertensive agents, but in 6 patients with initial mean arterial blood pressure above 170mmHg, 4 patients showed delayed response and 2 patients were expired.
Antihypertensive Agents ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Consciousness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy* ; Hypertensive Retinopathy ; Incidence ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Nausea ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Spinal Puncture ; Vomiting

The authors performed clear lens extraction to treat severe high myopia more than 12 diopters (D) of 24 eyes. The changes in spherical equivalent (S.E). visual acuity improvement, and the complications were evaluated during the average 15 months follow-up period. A scleral pocket incision and continuous curvilinear capsulohexis was made and lens extraction was performed via phacoeomulsification and low power posterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted. The postoperative refractive error targets were -1.0 D in 16 eyes. and -3.0 D in 8 eyes. Sixty-two percent(15/24 eyes) of eyes were within +/-1 D of targeted refractive error and 91.7%(22/24 eyes) of eyes were within +/-2 D of targeted refractive error. The postoperative uncorrected visual acuities were increased in all cases and 95.8%(23/24 eyes) of eyes gained two or more lines. There were increase in uncorrected visual acuity achieving 20/200 or more from 0% to 95.8%(23/24 eyes) postoperatively. The postoperative corrected visual acuities were increased in 83.3%(20/24 eyes) and 75%(15/20 eyes) among them gained two or more lines. The corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better were increased from 41.7%(10/24 eyes) preoperatively to 79.2%(19/24 eyes) postoperatively. Posterior capsular opacification was developed in one eye and YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was performed at 4 months postoperatively. No retinal break, no retinal detach ment, no cystoid macular edema were developed during the follow-up period. In conclusion, the clear lens extraction was effective method for correction of severe high myopia but longer follow-up of large number of cases is needed to fully assess the complications.
Follow-Up Studies ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Macular Edema ; Myopia* ; Posterior Capsulotomy ; Refractive Errors ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity

During January 1975 to December 1979, myelographic studies followed by operation was carried out on 150 cases of lumbar H.I.V.D. at Chung Nam National University Hospital. As to the myelographic findings, mode, level of indentation, and positive and negative finding were analyzed in comparison with operative findings. The followings results were obtained: 1. Plain radiography has a Iittle value In diagnosis of Iumbar H.I.V.D. about one third of 150 cases show significant sign in plain film study. 2. The major discrepancies between myelographic and operative findings were found in 11.3%, while the minor discrepancies were 4%, so giving an accuracy of 84.7%. 3. Positive myelographic finding(120 cases) consisted of smooth round defect in 83 cases (48.8%), unilateral wedge defect In 45 cases (26.4%), block defect In 18 cases (10.5%), bilateral wedge defect in 13 cases (7.6%), and hourglassdefect In 11 cases (6.4%), respectively. 4. Operative findings revealed the protruded disc: 74.5%, bulging: 11.1%, extruded: 22%, and mlgrated: 1.7%. 5. The myelographic finding of bulging type disc usually showed smooth round filling defect and those of protruded were smooth round filling defect, wedge shape and block filling defect, while the extruded type revealed smooth round filling defect In the most cases. 6. The myelography can be a valuable aid in the determination of the level and degree of H.I.V.D. and very helpful ln differential diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Myelography ; Radiography

BACKGROUND: Superficial fungal infections are common diseases acid the prevalence of superficial fungal diseases are not static but change under the influence of various forces such as climate, migration of peoples and development in prophylaxis and therapy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the present status of superficial dermatiphytoses and some changes on the frequency of the diseases, sex distributions and varieties of the casiative organisms. MEHTODS: The clinical and rnycological aspects of superficial fungal diseases of 3,222 patients from July 1989 to June 1992 were analyzed. Results : 1) The incidence of superficial fungal diseases was 25.4% of total out-patients. 2) The superficial fungal diseases showed a higt incidence in the third(26.4%) and the fourth decade(24.3%). 3) The ratio of male to female was 2.11:1(2,188:1,034). 4) The monthly prevalence of super ficial fungal diseases was high inhuly(17.8%), August(15.2%) and June(1.7%). 5) The incidence of superficial fungal diseases in order of frequency were tinea pedis ,28.1%, tinea cruris(19.5%), onychomycosis(15.6%), tinen orporis(11.5%), tinea manus(7.8%), tinea versicolar(7.8%), candidiasis(7.4%) and tinea capitis(2.3%), 6) Coexisting fungal infections were found in 644 patients(19.9%) and the case of tinea pedis with onychomycosis was the most common. 7) The positive rate of KOH scraping was 54.0% and the positive rate of culture on ordinary Salourauds dextrose agar media was 42.7%. 8) Trichophyton rubr,im was the most common causative orantism of superficial dermatophytes(38.4%), and other in decreasing frequency were Candida albicans(36.9%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes(23.6%) Microsporum canis(0.7%), Trichophyton ferrvgiteum(0.3%) and Epidermophyton floccosum(0.1%). CONCLUSION: These results are not significantly different from those iif previous studies. But the incidence rate of the superficial pungal diseases(25.4%) were higher thar, previous studies and showed a high incidence in young male patients and in the summer. The positiv rate of KOH scraping(54.0%) was lower than previous studies. The most common causative organism was Trichophyton rubrum(38.4 %).
Agar ; Candida ; Climate ; Epidermophyton ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Microsporum ; Onychomycosis ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Tinea ; Tinea Pedis ; Trichophyton

PURPOSE: The extent of ESWL(Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy), a treatment for urinary calculus, shows gradual development and the treatment has become generally known as a noninvasive, safe, and efficacious method. Although the testicular effects are not within the vicinity of shock waves in carrying ESWL as a treatment for urinary calculus, research was initiated to examine effects which shock waves might cause on the testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After applying shock waves at intensity 4 for 1,000 times to the testis of Sprague Dawley immature rat, the histopathologic changes within the tissue of testis were observed after 1, 7, 14, 28 days, respectively. RESULTS: In the case of the experimental group having shock waves on the testis, destruction of seminiferous tubules, necrosis, and hemorrhage were found out a%or a day. One week later the atrophy of seminiferous tubules, interstitial fibrosis, and a small portion of chronic inflammatory cell appeared The capillary proliferation near the testis capsule also appeared. Two weeks later somewhat atrophied seminiferous tubules and proliferation of Leydig cells appeared. Diversely atrophied seminiferous tubules, diffusion of Leydig cell proliferation, calcified tubules, and foreignbody reaction were discovered after 4 weeks. As times went on, the tendency of recovery appeared. CONCLUSIONS: Noxious influences such as testicular atrophy and disturbance of spermatogenesis occurred in inflicting immediate shock wave on the testis. Therefore the need of more researches concerning long-term sequelae and the influences on the human body should be taken into consideration.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Capillaries ; Cell Proliferation ; Diffusion ; Fibrosis ; Hemorrhage ; Human Body ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Necrosis ; Rats* ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Shock* ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis* ; Urinary Calculi

Backgroud : The number of proliferating cell populations in the hair is follicles is closely related to the regulation of hair growth. Destruction of hair germ cells and the loss of proliferating cells have been suggested to be of major pathogenetic significance in alopecia areata OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare the growth frrections in proliferating cells of normal hair follicles with those in alopecia. METHODS: An immunohiatochemical study was done to detect the proliferating cells in hair follicles using a monoclonal antibody against proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in the scalp biopsy of an alopecia patient on the peraffin embedded sections. RESULTS: A significant decrease of the labelling indeces of PCNA were observed in the hair follicles of alopecia compared with normal condition. But we could not find significant differences of labelling index in the clinical types of alopecia, responses to treatment, anc systemic immunologic state. CONCLUSIONS : Whole the above results confirmed that significant decreases of proliferating cells in the hair follicle could explain the part of the pathogenetic mechanism in alopecia, its direct cause which inhibit the proliferation of cells is not clear.
Alopecia Areata ; Alopecia* ; Biopsy ; Germ Cells ; Hair ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Scalp

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Papillary*