The lack of sufficient oral mucosa available for intra-oral reconstruction has been dealt with by the use of skin or oral mucosa grafts harvested from donor sites but grafts requires more than one surgical procedures and could cause donor site morbidity. Many investigators have attempted to increase available soft tissue by tissue engineered skin or oral mucosa replacements for clinical applications. But, reconstructed mucosa by several methods have low physical properties such as rolling and contraction. The aims of this study were to develope an in vitro experimental model that maintains an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction by organotypic raft culture, and to characterize biologic properties of three-dimensionally cultured oral mucosa embedded with Polydioxanone mesh by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The results were as follows; 1. Oral mucosa reconstructed by three-dimensional organotypic culture revealed similar morphologic characteristics to equvalent normal oral mucosa in the point that they show stratification and differentiation. 2. The expression of cytokeratin 10/13 and involucrin in the cultured tissue showed the same pattern with normal oral mucosa suggesting that organotypic co-culture condition is able to induce cellular differentiation. 3. After insertion of polydioxanone mesh, increased tensile strength were observed. These results suggest that three-dimensional organotypic co-culture of the oral mucosa cell lines with the dermal equvalent consisting type I collagen and fibroblasts reproduce the morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics similar to those in vivo condition. And increased physical properties by use of polydioxanone mesh will helpful for clinical applications.
Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Collagen Type I ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Keratins ; Models, Theoretical ; Mouth Mucosa* ; Mucous Membrane ; Polydioxanone* ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Tensile Strength ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the impact of three automatic optimization of parameters (AOP) modes of digital mammography on the dose and image quality. METHODS: Computerized Imaging Reference Systems phantoms were used. A total of 12 phantoms with different thickness and glandularity were imaged. We analyzed the average glandular dose (AGD) and entrance surface exposure (ESE) of 12 phantoms imaged by digital mammography in three modes of AOP; namely standard mode (STD), contrast mode (CNT), and dose mode (DOSE). Moreover, exposure factors including kVp, mAs, and target/filter combination were evaluated. To evaluate the quality of the obtained digital image, two radiologists independently counted the objects of the phantoms. RESULTS: According to the AOP modes, the score of masses and specks was sorted as CNT>STD=DOSE. There was no difference in the score of fiber among the three modes. The score of image preference was sorted as CNT>STD>DOSE. The AGD, ESE, and mAs were sorted as CNT>STD>DOSE. The kVp was sorted as CNT=STD>DOSE. The score of all test objects in the phantom image was on a downtrend with increasing breast thickness. The score of masses was different among the three groups; 20-21%>30%>50% glandularity. The score of specks was sorted as 20-21%=30%>50% glandularity. The score of fibers was sorted as 30%>20-21%=50% glandularity. The score of image preference was not different among the three glandularity groups. The AGD, ESE, kVp, and mAs were correlated with breast thickness, but not correlated with glandularity. CONCLUSION: The DOSE mode offers significant improvement (19.1-50%) in dose over the other two modes over a range of breast thickness and breast glandularity with acceptable image quality. Owning knowledge of the three AOP modes may reduce unnecessary radiation exposure by utilizing the proper mode according to its purpose.
Breast ; Mammography ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiation Dosage

No abstract available.
Weaning*

Breast US is currently considered to be a first-line examination with a role for both the detection and characterization of breast lesions, and breast US has helped significantly improve breast cancer detection compared with mammography alone. However, the issue of the operator dependence of hand-held ultrasound (HHUS) is a major concern when considering the wide-spread use of whole-breast US. Automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) has several advantages over HHUS: it is more reproducible, it has 3D capability through multiplanar reconstruction, it allows delayed interpretation and it offers the potential for complete documentation. In addition, several studies have shown similar results for the detection and characterization of lesions as compared with that of HHUS. Thus, ABUS will serve as a supplemental tool to mammographic screening and especially for women with dense breast tissue. This review provides a summary of the current state of ABUS and it describes the method of ABUS and the potential clinical applications for breast imaging.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mass Screening

BACKGROUND: Dysregulation of cell proliferation contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and the number of S phase plasma cells is known to be one of the most important prognostic factors in MM. We analysed the cell cycle progression in MM using the expression of G1/S phase cell cycle regulators, such as p53, murine double minutes (MDM2) and cyclin D1. METHODS: The expressions of p53, MDM2 and cyclin D1 were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies, using bone marrow sections obtained from 48 patients with MM and 20 normal controls. RESULTS: The expressions of p53, MDM2 and cyclin D1 were demonstrated in 17 (35.4 %), 40 (83.3%) and 28 (58.3%) of 48 patients with MM, respectively. The expressions of cyclin D1 and p53 were positively correlated each other (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in MDM2 expression was found between the cyclin D1-positive and -negative groups. All of the control group showed negative expression. The expression of cyclin D1 and p53 in patients with MM correlated well with clinical and histologic stages (P<0.05). Even if MDM2 was upregulated in most patients with MM, no correlation was found with clinical or histologic stages. Serum beta2-microglobulin levels were reversely correlated with p53 expression, not with MDM2 or cyclin D1. After chemotherapy, all 5 patients with objective response showed decreased staining of these three proteins, comparing 10 of 13 patients with partial response or treatment failure showed no change or an increased degree of staining. No differences were observed in the survival rates between the groups with and without expression of each three proteins. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the expression of p53, MDM2 and cyclin D1 was increased in patients with MM and the expression rates of p53 and cyclin D1 were increased with the progression of the clinical and histological stages. It is considered that the detection of cell cycle regulatory proteins are important for understanding the biology of the malignant plasma cells, monitoring the results of treatment and determining the prognosis in MM.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Biology ; Bone Marrow ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Plasma Cells ; Prognosis ; S Phase ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure

Breast ultrasonography (US) is currently considered the first-line examination in the detection Epub ahead of print and characterization of breast lesions. However, conventional handheld US (HHUS) has several limitations such as operator dependence and the requirement of a considerable amount of radiologist time for whole-breast US. Automated breast US (ABUS), recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for screening purposes, has several advantages over HHUS, such as higher reproducibility, less operator dependence, and less required physician time for image acquisition. In addition, ABUS provides both a coronal view and a relatively large field of view. Recent studies have reported that ABUS is promising in US screening for women with dense breasts and can potentially replace handheld second-look US in a preoperative setting.
Breast ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Mammary* ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Purpose: To investigate the usefulness of imaging features for differentiating between small lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Materials and Methods: It included 52 female with LCISs (median 45 years, range 32–67 years) and 180 female with ILCs (median 49 years, range 36–75 years), with the longest diameter of ≤ 2 cm, who were evaluated between January 2012 and December 2016. All the female underwent mammography and ultrasonography. Twenty female with LCIS and 150 female with ILC underwent MRI. The clinical and imaging features were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of LCIS. Female with LCIS were also subgrouped by lesion size and compared with the female with ILC. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.100), smaller lesion size (OR = 1.103), oval or round shape (OR = 4.098), parallel orientation (OR = 5.464), and isoechotexture (OR = 3.360) were significant independent factors predictive of LCIS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing LCIS from ILC was 0.904 (95% confidence interval, 0.857–0.951). Subgroup analysis showed that benign features were more prevalent in female with smaller LCISs (≤ 1 cm) than in those with ILC. Conclusion Small LCISs tend to demonstrate more benign features than small ILCs. Several imaging features are independently predictive of LCIS.

Purpose: To investigate the usefulness of imaging features for differentiating between small lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Materials and Methods: It included 52 female with LCISs (median 45 years, range 32–67 years) and 180 female with ILCs (median 49 years, range 36–75 years), with the longest diameter of ≤ 2 cm, who were evaluated between January 2012 and December 2016. All the female underwent mammography and ultrasonography. Twenty female with LCIS and 150 female with ILC underwent MRI. The clinical and imaging features were compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of LCIS. Female with LCIS were also subgrouped by lesion size and compared with the female with ILC. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.100), smaller lesion size (OR = 1.103), oval or round shape (OR = 4.098), parallel orientation (OR = 5.464), and isoechotexture (OR = 3.360) were significant independent factors predictive of LCIS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for distinguishing LCIS from ILC was 0.904 (95% confidence interval, 0.857–0.951). Subgroup analysis showed that benign features were more prevalent in female with smaller LCISs (≤ 1 cm) than in those with ILC. Conclusion Small LCISs tend to demonstrate more benign features than small ILCs. Several imaging features are independently predictive of LCIS.