A 56 year-old female presented with dysphagia 8 weeks ago and newly developed dysphonia 2 weeks ago. The radiology study and swallowing difficulty evaluation study revealed the esophagus and the posterior wall of the laryngopharynx to be severely compressed by the mass of the anterior 4th and 5th vertebral body of cervical spine. En bloc excisional biopsy of the bony mass was performed, which completely resolved the clinical symptoms. We report a rare case of osteochondroma occurring at the anterior portion of cervical spine leading to dysphasia and dysphonia with a review of relevant literature.
Aphasia ; Biopsy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dysphonia ; Esophagus ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Osteochondroma ; Spine

PURPOSE: To draw attention to the radiological findings of a benign variant of cerebral astrocytoma in a young patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 24-year-old man with generalized tonic-clonic seizure of 7 years' duration and normal neurological examination was examined with plain skull series, brain CT and MRI, and cerebral angiography. MR imaging was performed with a 0.5 Tesla Toshiba MRT-50A scanner (TIWI, PDWI, T2WI, 0.1 mmol/kg of Gd- DTPA, SE). RESULTS: 1 ) Plain skull series: A radiolucent lesion with a partial radiopaque rim of about 2.5 x 3 cm size in the right anterior parietal bone.2) B rain CT scan: A cystic mass in the right frontoparietal cortex of midconvexity with pressure erosion on the adjacent skull and partial enhancement at outer and anterior portion.3) Brain MRI:A hypointense mass containing a small, intensely enhancing isointensity anterolaterally on Tl-weighted images, which was hyperintense with better delineation of bulging cortical-based appearance on T2-weithted images. No peritumoral edema.4) Cerebral anglography: An avascular mass. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma(PXA) should be entertained in patients in whom a superticially placed enhancing intracerebral tumor containing cystic portion that seems to be in contact with the meninges develops during juvenile years.
Astrocytoma ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meninges ; Neurologic Examination ; Pentetic Acid ; Rabeprazole ; Rain ; Seizures ; Skull ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

In the whole arm type of brachial plexus injury, the nerve grafting method give the best result. As it is impossible, however to operate the preganglionic whole arm type by interfascicular nerve graft, the treatment of this type of injury is difficult. In this lesion, neurotization may be the only useful method. To evaluate it's efficacy, 38 cases of multiple neurotization have been reviewed. The follow up period was on average 45 months(24 months to 76 months). The results are as follows: 1. Motor or sensory improvement of good or better results was observed in 27 nerves(29%) and that of better-than-fair results in 54 nerves(57%). 2. The best results were obtained in patients less than thirty year old and in the patients where the operation was performed within the first six months after injury(19 cases, 42%). 3. The use of spinal accessory, phrenic, intercostal and supraclavicular nerves, as a source of neurotization produced similar results. Phrenic nerve neurotization was performed without any significant respiratory difficulty. 4. The results of neurotization were analysed by Kim's method. Functional recovery of the upper extremity showed relatively poor results. 5. Out of the 25 patients who had developed a painful syndrome before neurotization, 19 cases(60%) showed improvement of the symptom. Multiple neurotization in preganglionic whole arm type of brachial plexus injury is of a little value in improving upper extremity function. Nerve neurotization can not always make a paralysed upper limb useful, because it is impossible to control the digits and intrinsic muscles in the hand and to restorate fine sensation by it. Nevertheless, functional recovery of the paralyzed upper limb, compared with no previous muscle contraction, encourages patients who have suffered serious brachial plexus injuries to start an active their life again.
Arm ; Brachial Plexus ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Methods ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Nerve Transfer ; Phrenic Nerve ; Sensation ; Transplants ; Upper Extremity

Echocardiography was done with Ekoline 20 model of Smith Kline Instrument in 91 patients of mitral valvular heart disease, 46 with mitral stenosis, 10 with mitral insufficiency, 38 with mitral stenoinsufficinency and 115 normal controls. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Right ventricular dimension was 13.61+/-5.61 mm/sq m. in normal controls, 16.50+/-5.06mm/sq m. in mitral stenosis, 20.17+/-3.28mm/sq m. in mitral insufficiency, 18.61+/-8.48mm/sq m. in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing significant increment in all mitral valvular disease groups but there was no significant difference btw. each disease groups. 2. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions was 29.83+/-7.06mm/sq m. in normal controls, 41.57+/-7.77mm/sq m. in mitral insufficinency, 38.48+/-10.22mm/sq m. in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing significant increment but there was no significant difference btw. mitral stenosis and normal controls. 3. Left atrial dimension was 17.57+/-4.96mm/sq m. in normal controls, 33.22+/-5.32mm/sq m. in mitral stenosis, 35.96+/-7.35mm/sq m. in mitral insufficiency, 35.00+/-8.22 in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing significnat increment in whole mitral valvular disease. 4. E-F slope was 90.76+/-30.20mm/sec in normal controls 18.08+/-10.3mm/sec in mitral stenosis, 29.52+/-19.3mm/sec in mitral stenoinsufficiency revealing marked decrement. In mitral insufficiency, it was 65.3+/-45.4mm/sec revealing significant decrement but not so severe as previous. 5. There was no significant difference between normal controls and mitral valvular disease in valve excursion. 6. Left atrial dimension to aortic root size was 1.13+/-0.31 in normal controls, 1.77+/-0.63 in mitral stenosis, 1.56+/-0.60 in mitral regurgitation and 1.82+/-0.56 in mitral stenoinsufficinecy revealing significant increment in whole mitral valvular heart disease.
Echocardiography* ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Mitral Valve Stenosis

No Abstract Available.
Cataract*

No abstract available.
Blood Glucose* ; Capillaries* ; Veins*

No abstract available.
Leydig Cell Tumor*

Enchondroma is a benign tumor mainly developed in the hand and uncommon in the foot. Even if it is in the foot, most are in the phalanges and distal metatarsals of the foot. Enchondroma in the calcaneus is very rare. A 44-year-old male suffered from left heel pain for several months, authors treated it with curettage and bone graft, it was histologically confirmed as an enchondroma in the calcaneus. The authors presented a rare case presentation of an enchondroma in the calcaneus with pain.
Adult ; Calcaneus ; Chondroma ; Curettage ; Foot ; Hand ; Heel ; Humans ; Male ; Metatarsal Bones ; Transplants

This study was conducted in order to observe ultrastructural changes in the expression of sialoglycoconjugates in maxillary sinus mucosa after inoculation of influenza A virus utilizing four different gold-labeled lectins : ckia amurensis (MAA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), sambucus nigra (SNA), and peanut agglutinin (PNA). A comparison of the affinities of these gold-labeled lectins demonstrated the varying distributions of sialoglycoconjugates in the ciliary layer and the granules in goblet cells. Examination of normal sinus mucosa labeled with four gold-labeled lectins showed the distribution of sialoglycoconjugates to be mainly in the ciliary layer and the granules in goblet cells and restricted to the surface of the cilia, microvilli and the secretory light granules. The application of an influenza A virus infection decreased the labeling intensity of gold-labeled MAA in the cilia and the secretory granules but not of WGA. SNA gold did not label the surface of the cilia and granules in either case. PNA gold particles, however, labeled the cilia and the secretory granules very weakly in normal sinus mucosa, but labeled moderately in cases of influenza A virus infection. These results suggest that the sugar residues of sialoglycoconjugates consist of Neu5Ac(alpha2, 3)Gal, GlcNAc, Neu5Ac. They also suggest that the sugar residues serve as a protecting factor or modulator against influenza A virus infection.
Cilia ; Goblet Cells ; Influenza A virus* ; Influenza, Human* ; Lectins ; Maxillary Sinus ; Microvilli ; Mucous Membrane* ; Peanut Agglutinin ; Rabbits* ; Sambucus nigra ; Secretory Vesicles ; Triticum

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between developmental lumbar spinalstenosis and its BMD value by using the single energy quantitative CT(SEQCT). MATERIALS & METHODS: Eighty normal volunteers(20-60years) were selected as a control group and 28 patients with developmental lumbar spinal stenosis were selected as a disease group. The two groups were divided into a younger (20-39years) and an older subgroup(40-60 years), and were further divided into male and female subgroups. All the cases showed no evidence of metabolic disease, fracture, herniated nucleus pulposus, degererative spondylosis, infectious disease, tumors orhad no history of absolute immobilization of more than two weeks. All underwent lumbar spine CT and SEQCT. We measured bone mineral density(BMD) at the cancellous bone of L1, 2, 3 and obtained the mean and its one standard deviation, and compared the data between each subgroup of the control and the disease group using ANOVA. RESULTS: There was a significant low BMD value in the younger male patient subgroup compared with the control subgroup(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Developmental lumbar spinal stenosis in a young male may be a factor of decreasing BMD of the body of the spine.
Communicable Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Spinal Stenosis* ; Spine ; Spondylosis