Twenty-eight cases of fracture of the femur and tibia on the same leg were treated in Pusan Maryknoll Hospital during the period from April 1981 to Jun 1988. We studied all of these patients, divided by five groups according to the method of treatment, with analysis of treatment and end results. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of trauma was high in the young man, and most frequent in the third decade (42.9%). 2. The main cause of injuries was traffic accident; 22 patients (78.6%). 3. The common fracture site was middle one-third in femur and tibia respectively. 4. The most common associsted injury was head trauma (9 case). 5. The average healing time of fracture was 20.7 weeks in femur and 22.7 weeks in tibia of group 3, 4, 5. 6. The best results were obtained in cases both fractures stabilized surgically.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Busan ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Methods ; Tibia

Thirteen patients with visceroatrial situs abnormalities were evaluated by magnetic resonance(MR) imaging. Eleven patients were confirmed surgically. Two patitnts were diagnosed by MRI and cardiac catheterization. Right isomerism was found in seven patients, left isomerism in two, and situs inversus in four. For the determination of situs, we evaluated the morphology of atrial appendages and main bronchi, the relationship between abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava(IVC), and the status of upper abdominal viscera. The bilateral atrial morphology was differentiated in 8 of 12 patients. The bronchial situs was determined in 11 of 12 patients. Juxtaposition of abdominal aorta and IVC was found in 6 of 7 with right isomerism. IVC interruption with azygos continuation was found in all two with left isomerism. Incidentally three cases of short pancreas were found. MR imaging showed all structures relevant for the assessment of situs, thus obvrating the need for performing additional diagnostic procedures. MR imaging, therefore, is a valuable tool in the clinical management of patients who are suspected of having a situs abnormality.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Atrial Appendage ; Bronchi ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Humans ; Isomerism ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pancreas ; Situs Inversus ; Viscera

PURPOSE: We evaluated the capability of MR in the diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient group consisted of 11 total APVC and 8 partial APVC diagnosed with MR. Echocardiography was performed in all cases, cardiac angiography in 12 cases and operation in 12 cases. We compared MR findings with those of operation, echocard iography and cardiac angiography. RESULTS: In surgically proven 12 cases, diagnostic accuracy of preoperative MR, echocardiography and cardiac angiography was 100%, 67% and 63%, respectively. In the remaining cases, MR findings well correlated with those of echocardiography or cardiac angiography. Stenosis of common pulmonary vein or superior vena cava was identified in 4 cases. In one patient, MR depicted associated cor triatriatum clearly. CONCLUSION: MR is an effective modallty in depicting anomalous pulmonary venous con nections.
Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cor Triatriatum ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Pulmonary Veins ; Vena Cava, Superior

PURPOSE: This study compared the sequential findings of ultrasound, MRI and tissue specimen radiograms of experimentally induced fat necrosis in pigs with the histopathology findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fat necrosis was induced in five experimental groups containing three pigs per group (3-day, 2-week, 4-week, 6-week and 8-week groups), which were divided according to the amount of time after inducing fat necrosis until when the tissue specimen was obtained. Ultrasound (US) and MRI (T1 weighted images, T2 weighted images, STIR sequence, T1 fat-suppressed contrast enhanced images) were obtained. X-ray tissue specimen radiograms were obtained after sacrificing the pigs. The changes in the findings of these imaging modalities were compared with the histopathology findings. RESULTS: Ultrasound showed the lipase-induced masses of fat necrosis to be isoechoic (47%) and mixed echoic (42%) masses in 3-day group, mixed (56%, 41%) and hypoechoic (42% and 59%) masses in the 2-week and 4-week groups respectively, and hypoechoic (67% and 56%) masses in the 6-week and 8-week groups. MRI showed the T1 weighted images to have significantly high rate of isosignal intensity in the 3-day, 2, 4 and 6-week groups, but the isosignal intensity lesions decreased gradually while the low signal intensity lesions increased with time. The T2 weighted images showed that the high signal intensity lesions were the main type of lesion in the early stage but the isosignal intensity lesions increased markedly in the late stage. The STIR (short tau inversion recovery) sequence showed that all the masses of fat necrosis were observed to have high signal intensity in the 3-day group, and the high signal intensity lesions decreased while the isosignal intensity lesions increased significantly during the follow-up period between 2 weeks to 8 weeks. All the masses of fat necrosis were enhanced on the fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1 weighted images. Among the total 45 cases X-ray tissue specimen radiograms, fat necrosis was observed as a radiopaque mass in 28 cases (62%). Among these 28 cases, calcifications within the masses were observed in 4 cases from the 8-week group and 1 case from 6-week group. Two cases from 2-week group were observed as spiculated masses. The histopathology findings of fat necrosis were acute inflammatory cell infiltration, edema and hemorrhage in the 3-day group, the proliferation of fibroblasts, connective tissue and capillaries around the fat necrosis in the 2-week group. However, the number of vessels decreased gradually and the fibrosis had progressed further in the 4, 6 and 8-week groups. CONCLUSION: The sequential findings of fat necrosis on US, MRI and tissue specimen radiogram were correlated with the histopathology findings. These results may be helpful for the differentiating fat necrosis from more ominous breast masses.
Breast ; Capillaries ; Connective Tissue ; Edema ; Fat Necrosis* ; Fibroblasts ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Swine* ; Ultrasonography

With the explosive increase in exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phones, public concerns have grown over the last few decades with regard to the potential effects of EMF exposure on the nervous system in the brain. Many researchers have suggested that RF-EMFs can effect diverse neuronal alterations in the brain, thereby affecting neuronal functions as well as behavior. Previously, we showed that long-term exposure to 835 MHz RF-EMF induces autophagy in the mice brain. In this study, we explore whether short-term exposure to RF-EMF leads to the autophagy pathway in the cerebral cortex and brainstem at 835 MHz with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg for 4 weeks. Increased levels of autophagy genes and proteins such as LC3B-II and Beclin1 were demonstrated and the accumulation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes was observed in cortical neurons whereas apoptosis pathways were up-regulated in the brainstem but not in the cortex following 4 weeks of RF exposure. Taken together, the present study indicates that monthly exposure to RF-EMF induces autophagy in the cerebral cortex and suggests that autophagic degradation in cortical neurons against a stress of 835 MHz RF during 4 weeks could correspond to adaptation to the RF stress environment. However, activation of apoptosis rather than autophagy in the brainstem is suggesting the differential responses to the RF-EMF stresses in the brain system.
Absorption ; Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Autophagy* ; Brain ; Brain Stem* ; Cell Phones ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Mice ; Nervous System ; Neurons

The following is a retrospective study on the results of anterior spinal surgery with Kaneda II instrumentation and surgical Titanium MESH after thoracolumbar unstable spinal injuries. From July 1994 to June 1995, we operated on 14 patients at the Chosun University Kwang Yang hospital. Fourteen patients were followed for at least three months. Anterior spinal surgery was performed on the patients who had thoracolumbar unstable spine injuries. The procedure consisted of anterior decompression through corpectomy and stabilization with Kaneda II instrumentation and surgical Titanium MESH which was impacked with resected bone chip. Most of patients had demonstrated showed neurological improvement, relief of pain, immediate stabilization and early return to normal activities. Radiologic evaluation showed the correction of the fracture deformity with satisfactory outcome postoperatively.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Decompression* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Injuries ; Spine* ; Titanium*

No abstract available.
Myelography*

Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures ; Osteomyelitis ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

D-penicillamine, a chelating agent of copper, is the drug of choice for the treatment of Wilson's disease. Breast enlargement is a rare complication arising from its use, and we report a case of breast gigantism which developed after it had been used for ten months to treat this condition. Mammography demonstrated bilaterally enlarged dense breasts; ultrasonography, similarly, demonstrated enlargement, revealing the presence of a mass, shown at biopsy to be benign, in the left one.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Copper ; Gigantism* ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Mammography ; Penicillamine* ; Ultrasonography

Placenta accreta is a rare complication of pregnancy with high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality.It is usually discovered when removal of the placenta after delivery is difficult or there is substantial postpartum bleeding.Placenta accreta can be complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and this increases maternal morbidity and mortality.DIC is characterized by the widespread activation of coagulation, which results in the intravascular formation of fibrin and ultimately thrombotic occlusion of small and midsize vessel.We report a 24-year-old woman with DIC, who developed severe pre- and intraoperative bleeding and massive transfusion during emergent cesarean section.
Dacarbazine ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Female ; Fibrin ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Placenta ; Placenta Accreta ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult