Subtrochanteric fracture of the femur is more difficult to treat than other bone fracture. Subtrochanteric fracture occurs in bone that is predominently cortical and biomechanical analyeis of stress in the femur ahowed that there is a high concentration of stress in the subtrochanteric region. These two factors, involvement of cortical bone tissue and concentration of stress, frequently have been mentioned as reasons for the high incidence of complications in the treatment of these fractures. The authors treated 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture of the femur in 1974 through 1981, at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang College. The results were as follows: 1. Of 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture, 15 cases occurred in man, 8 cases in woman. 2. The most common cause of fracture was due to traffic accident. 3. Of 23 cases of subtrochanteric fracture, 9 cases were type lI, and 7 cases were type I & II by Fielding's classification. 4. 19 cases out of 23 were treated by means of the open reduction and internal fixation. As the internal fixation material, we used Kuntscher nail, Smith-Peterson and Thornton plate, Compression hip screw and plate until December 1978, and Zickel nail from January 1979. 5. The mean duration of bony union in subtrochanteric fracture treated by Zickel nail was shorter than the other implants. The incidence of complications such as coxa vara, delayed union, metal breakage occurred higher in the cases treated by Kuntscher nail, Smith-Peterson nail and Thornton plate, Campression hip screw and plate. 6. Zickel nail is one of the good implant for the treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of the femur.
Accidents, Traffic ; Bone and Bones ; Classification ; Coxa Vara ; Female ; Femur ; Fractures, Bone ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence

Rigid posterior fixation of the atlas to the third and fourth cervical spine was achieved in a patient in whom axis pedicle fracture and dislocation of axis on the third cervical spine. Althouth there was no evidence of neurologic disorder, marked instability of axis on the third cervical spine should inevitably be fused in any procedures. An anatomically contoured loop was secured to the posterior arch of the atlas and the laminae of the third and the fourth cervical spine by sublaminar wirings. The technique has the advantage over bone graft, either alone or with cement, in that it affords rigid stabilization, allows early mobilization and some flexion movement of atlanto-occipital joint.
Atlanto-Occipital Joint ; Dislocations ; Early Ambulation ; Humans ; Nervous System Diseases ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Transplants

Human monoclonal antibodies have considerable potential in the prophylaxis and treatment of viral disease. By cloning human Ig gene segments from the B cells of volunteer into pComb3 phagemid vector, antibody library was created of filamentous phage particles displaying Fab fragments on their surface after being rescued with M13KO7 helper phages. The size of library was 7x10' pfu. Phage antibodies (phabs) were panned against biotinylated preS1 using streptavidine coated Dynabead. The soluble Fab antibodies were prepared from phagemid colonies and assayed directly for the ability to bind preS1 by ELISA. And then 3DW and SGW specific to preS1 which have both heavy and light chain to form Fab fragment, were selected. The soluble Fab antibody from 3DW was expressed highly at the concentration of 0.1 - 1.0 mM of IPTG, and 5 hours postinduction. The soluble antibodies from 3DW and SGW showed their relative affinities of 2x10' M ', and Sx10 M ', respectively, and the specificities to preS1 on ELISA. Our results suggest that antibody phage display library is very useful method to generate the human monoclonal antibody and that the human Fab monoclonal antibodies specific to preS1 selected in this study open the way to treat hepatitis B as a component of passive irnmunotherapeutics.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacteriophages* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside ; Streptavidin ; Virus Diseases ; Volunteers

The observation of eosinophilic ascites is uncommon. They can be noted in parasitic disease, malignant condition, vasculitis, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome or allergic disorders including eosinophilic gastroenteritis, which is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by massive tissue infiltration of eosinophils in the layers of any area of gastrointestinal[GI] tract. Clinical manifestations are related to the level of the histologic infiltration in the wall, and the segment of the GI tract involved. Mucosal involvement may result in abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss. Muscle layer involvements have obstructive symptoms. Subserosal eosinophilic infiltration may result in the development of eosinophilic ascites. We experienced a case of eosinophilic ascites as manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a 43-year old man who also had jejunal obstruction. High proportion of eosinophil count was noted in the ascites, however peripheral blood eosinophilia was not noted. Parasitologic studies were negative. Histologic examination of segment of jejunum showed heavy transmural infiltration of eosinophils which were extended to subserosal layer. Eosinophilic ascites noted in eosinophilic gastroenteritis, though not a common disease entity, had not been described in the laboratory medicine related papers in Korea. Therefore we report this case as an example of eosinophilic ascites.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Ascites* ; Diarrhea ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Gastroenteritis* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; Jejunum ; Korea ; Nausea ; Parasitic Diseases ; Rare Diseases ; Vasculitis ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss

In this study, we are to produce the single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against surface protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) using antibody phage display technique. Balb/c mice were immunized with preS1 and cDNAs of heavy and light chains of splenic B cells from immunized mice were prepared using RT-PCR. Two cDNAs were linked with (64S) linker DNA under recombination PCR to produce single chain Fv DNA. After digestion of scFv DNA with Sp 1 and Not 1, the digested DNA was ligated into pCANTAB 5E and electroporated into E. coli XL1-Blue to prepare scFv-library. The size of library was 1 * 10' pfu/ml. Phage antibodies (phabs) against preS1 were rescued with M13K07 helper phages, and preS1-binders were selected through 3 times of panning using 96 well microtitre plates. Phage antibody clones were assayed directly for the ability to bind preS1 by ELISA. And then 7 phage antibody clones had high ELISA signals against preS1. Phabs from preS1-specific pMsc-17 had the strongest ELISA signal to preS1. Phabs from pMsc-17 were used for Western blot to preS1 and the results revealed that it was specific to preS1. To prepare the soluble scFv antibody, phabs from pMsc-17 were transfected into non-suppressor E. coli HB2151, and grown under 1 mM IPTG. Soluble scFv antibody was mainly accumulated in the periplasmic space, but small amount of antibody was secreted into culture media.
Animals ; Antibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Bacteriophages* ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Surface Display Techniques ; Clone Cells ; Culture Media ; Digestion ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside ; Mice* ; Periplasm ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombination, Genetic ; Single-Chain Antibodies*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of depression and smartphone dependency with female college students' career decision-making self efficacy. METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 497 female college students in M City and S City. Data were collected from November 16 to December 4, 2015 using self-report questionnaires including BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), Smartphone Dependency Scale, and CDMSES-SF (Career Decision-Making Self Efficacy Scale-Short Form). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Career decision-making self efficacy showed significant differences according to religion. Smartphone dependency was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with career decision-making self efficacy and a positive correlation with depression. Depression was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with career decision-making self efficacy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the predictors of career decision-making self efficacy were depression (7.1%), religion (1.8%), and smartphone dependency (1.3%), accounting for a total of 10.6% of the variance. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interventions to promote female college students' career decision-making self efficacy should consider their depression, religion, and smartphone dependency.
Depression* ; Female* ; Humans ; Self Efficacy* ; Smartphone

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among family functioning, empathy and aggression by high school students. METHODS: This was a descriptive study. The survey participants were 467 high school students from M city. Data were collected from November 29 to December 7, 2012 and self-report questionnaires including a Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale, Interpersonal Reactivity Indexes, and an Aggression Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, ANOVA, stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects were 2nd graders (42.0%) and female (57.2%). 59.7% of the subjects had religion, 84.8% were living together with parents. The mean ages of their fathers and mothers were 49.90+/-0.20 and 46.85+/-0.19 respectively. Aggression was found to have a statistically negative correlation with family functioning and empathy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of aggression was empathic concern. Empathic concern, family cohesiveness, perspective taking, personal distress and gender accounted for 16.7% of the variances. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide aggressiveness reduction programs for high school students that consider their family functioning and empathy.
Aggression* ; Empathy* ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No Abstract Available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No Abstract Available.
Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
Regeneration*