Objective To explore the clinical effect of octreotide combined with propranlolum in the treatment of portal hypertension combined upper alimentary canal haemorrhage.Methods 63 cases with portal hypertension upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were randomly divided into two groups,both of the two groups were given same basic medical care,while then one group was treated with octreotide combined with propranlolum,and the other group was given pituitrin.Results There was statistical difference in defecate occult blood disappear time,total effective rate between treatment group and control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Octreotide combined with propranlolum was more effective to the patients with portal hypertension upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage than pituitrin.

Objective To investigate the value of creatine kinase and computed tomography(CT)angiography to evaluate short-term prognosis of patients with superior mesenteric artery embolism(SMAE).Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was adopted.The clinical data of 26 patients with SMAE who were admitted to the first Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 2008 and October 2015 were collected.The patients received serologic examination and CT angiography firstly,and then medicinal conservative method and surgical method were respectively conducted according to the results of above examinations.Observation indices:(1)clinical features,(2)serum indicators results,(3)CT angiography results:①location(main stem and non-main stem)of SMAE and development of distal branches of superior mesenteric artery(SMA),②indirect signs,such as bowel wall thickening,bowel dilatation combined with effusion and air accumulation and pneumatosis intestinalis,(4)therapy and prognosis.Measurement data with normal distribution were presented as-x±s,comparisons among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.Measurement data with skewed distribution were presented as M(range)and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test,and pairwise comparison was done using the Nemenyi test.Results(1)Clinical features:of 26 patients with SMAE,6 patients had intestinal ischemia,8 patients had partial intestinal necrosis and 12 patients had long segmental intestinal necrosis(postoperative short bowel syndrome in 5 patients and total small intestinal necrosis and partial colonic necrosis in 7 patients).Duration of symptoms before diagnosis was(1.7±0.8)days in 6 patients with intestinal ischemia and(2.1±1.1)days in 8 patients with partial intestinal necrosis and(1.5±0.7)days in 12 patients with long segmental intestinal necrosis,with no statistically significant difference(F=1.27,P＞0.05).(2)Serum indicators results:levels of serum creatine kinase in patients with intestinal ischemia,partial intestinal necrosis and long segmental intestinal necrosis were 68 U/L(range,50-86 U/L),98 U/L(range,54-244 U/L)and 300 U/L(range,40-873 U/L),respectively,with a statistically significant difference among patients(H=7.32,P＜0.05)and between patients with intestinal ischemia and with long segmental intestinal necrosis(H=7.21,P＜0.05),and with no statistically significant difference between patients with partial intestinal necrosis and with intestinal ischemia or long segmental intestinal necrosis(H=1.53,2.07,P＞0.05).(3)CT angiography results:①developments of SMAE(main stem and non-main stem)and distal branches of SMA:main stem embolism of SMA in 13 patients demonstrated hypodense shadow,with non-contrast of distal branches of artery,including 1 with intestinal ischemia,1 with partial intestinal necrosis and 11 with long segmental intestinal necrosis.Main stem embolism of SMA in 8 patients demonstrated hypodense shadow,with contrast of distal branches of SMA,including 3 with intestinal ischemia,4 with partial intestinal necrosis and 1 with long segmental intestinal necrosis.Main stem embolism of SMA in 2 patients demonstrated hypodense shadow,with non-contrast of distal branches of SMA,showing partial intestinal necrosis.Non-main stem embolism of SMA in 3 patients demonstrated hypodense shadow,with contrast of distal branches of SMA,including 2 with intestinal ischemia and 1 with partial intestinal necrosis.②Indirect signs:5 patients had bowel wall thickening,including 3 with intestinal ischemia and 2 with long segmental intestinal necrosis.Seventeen patients had bowel dilatation combined with effusion and air accumulation,with gas fluid level in local intestinal canal,including 2 with intestinal ischemia,5 with partial intestinal necrosis and 10 with long segmental intestinal necrosis.Two patients had pneumatosis intestinalis,with bubble shadow of bowel wall,showing long segmental intestinal necrosis.(4)Therapy and prognosis:of 6 patients with intestinal ischemia,1 underwent embolectomy of SMA and 5 underwent low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulation and vasodilator alprostadil therapy.Eight patients with partial intestinal necrosis received resection of necrotic intestine.Of 12 patients with long segmental intestinal necrosis,5 with postoperative short bowel syndrome received resection of necrotic intestine combined with postoperative parenteral hyperalimentation.The above-mentioned patients were improved and discharged from hospital after symptomatic treatment and surgery.Twelve patients with long segmental intestinal necrosis,7 with total small bowel necrosis and partial colonic necrosis underwent only exploratory laparotomy and then were dead in a short time.Conclusion Elevated creatine kinase and main stem embolism of SMA combined with non-contrast of distal branches using CT angiography maybe predict poor short-term prognosis of patients with SMAE.

Recent study demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) could have benefits to improve the learning memory.Exercise can increase IGF-1 level in hippocampus.IGF-1 may mediate exercise inducing learning memory;one of the possible mechanism is that the IGF-1 and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) has a common regulatory capacity over calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CAMKⅡ),mitogen-activated protein kinase Ⅱ(MAPKⅡ) and synapsin-1,and the convergence of multiple signaling pathways mediate synaptic plasticity and improve learning memory.

Objective To study the treatment effect of multilevel atherosclerotic occlusive disease of lower extremity. Methods From July 2004 to January 2008,intraoperative iliac balloon angioplasty and stenting combined with blood vassel prosthesis or autogenous reversed great saphenous vein bypass were performed on 32 patients suffering from lower extremity multilevel atheresclerotic occlusive disease. Results Surgical procedures were technically successful in all patients. The effect was good,intermittent claudication disappear, and rest pain improved. Preoperative vs postoperative ABI was 0.28±0.14 vs 0.65±0.18 (P<0.05 ).Thirty patients were followed up,the mean following period was 18 months (range of 3-36 months).Conclusions Simultaneous intravaseular interventional therapy combined with vascular bypass are effective in the treatment for patients with severe and multilevel atheroselerotie occlusive disease of lower extremity, the operation is less traumatic and the procedures are easy to do.The result is satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the transfer rate of alkaloids in extraction and purification process of Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis (CPA) and to ascertain the optimal purification technology.Methods We purified the alkaloids from Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis by AB-8 macroporous resin.With the contents of berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride as the reference indexes,content determination of alcohol extract,sample solution and eluent from AB-8 macroporous resin were determined by HPLC.Results The optimal technology was as follows:using 8-fold 75 %(V/V) ethanol as extract,extracting for 3 times and lasting one hour for each time.The transfer rate of alkaloids was 83.75 %under the above condition.The transfer rate of alkaloids was about 80 %when the concentration of sample solution(pH value being 8 and centrifugation) was 0.1 g/mL,and the transfer rate of alkaloids in eluent was 75.14 %.Conclusion The optimum technology is stable and feasible,and the purification effect of alkaloids from Cortex Phellodendri Amurensis by AB-8 macroporus resin is good.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Clostridium butyricum tablets in treatment of diarrhea in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis.Methods Eighty-seven patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and diarrhea were collected from Pujiang People' s Hospital in Zhejiang province during January 2011 and May 2013.According to random number table,patients were divided into Clostridium butyricum treated group (n =44) and control group (n =43).Both groups were given antiviral,liver support,jaundice-relieving and fluid infusion treatments,while patients in Clostridium butyricum group were given Clostridium butyricum tablets (2 tables per time,3 tables per day for 4 weeks) additionally.Diarrhea remission time,improvements in liver function and the complications were observed.Differences in measurement data were compared with t test,and enumeration data were compared with x2 test or rank-sum test.Results The total effective rate in Clostridium butyricum group was 95.45％ (42/44),while that in control group was 74.4％ (32/43) (Z =2.82,P ＜ 0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the improvements of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate transaminase (AST),total bilirubin (TBil),albumin (Alb) and Child-Pugh (CTP) score in Clostridium butyricum group were more marked than those in control group (t =2.13,2.57,4.83,5.93 and 3.30,P ＜ 0.01).Hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 2 patients in control group and none in Clostridium buayricum group.Conclusion Clostridium butyricum has significant curative effect on diarrhea in patients with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis,and it can also improve liver function and reduce the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy.

Objective To establish gastric bypass surgery model with SD rat and analyze the influence factors and preventive measures so as to accumulate experience and skills for further developing gastric bypass surgery model on diabetic rat( GK rat) . Methods Gastric by-pass surgery was operated on 30 SD rats. Summarized modeling experience and analyzed various factors affecting modeling success. Results 17 rats weresuccessfully survived after surgery and 13 failed, with the mortality rate 43. 3%. Three rats died during operation, including two for anesthesia and one for heart failure;one died due to anastomotic bleeding two hours after surgery. Eight died in the third day after surgery, including two for infection, two for intestinal necrosis, four for anastomotic stenosis or obstruction. One died because of anastomotic leakage caused by mistaking and satiety the fifth day after surgery. There were no other complications such as wound dehiscence occurred in this group . Conclusion Establishing models of gastric bypass surgery with SD rats which is regarded as pre-experiment of building models of gas-tric bypass surgery with GK rats is economical and feasible. Anesthesia and perioperative management, surgical techniques and infection pre-vention and control are the main factors affecting modeling. The survival rate of rat model could be increased if related factors well controlled.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a series of chronic non-infectious liver diseases caused by long-term heavy alcohol consumption. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is produced during alcohol metabolism, and if it is not eliminated completely, it may cause oxidative stress, which will further lead to inflammatory response of Kupffer cells and lipid peroxidation and thus accelerate the progression of alcoholic hepatitis and fibrosis. The human body can generate a variety of enzymes or antioxidants to eliminate ROS and its by-products and resist oxidative stress. This article reviews several enzymes or antioxidants involved in antioxidant activity in ALD.

Objective:To explore the application effect of optimizing diet management in patients with hyperphosphatemia.Methods:Seventy-seven patients who underwent regular hemodialysis in the blood purification department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from September 2018 to June 2019 were selected. Patients were randomly divided into control group (39 cases) and intervention group (38 cases) by the method of random number table. The control group received routine nursing, while the intervention group received optimized dietary management intervention. The blood phosphorus, blood calcium, hemoglobin, albumin, dietary phosphorus related knowledge level and phosphorus control diet compliance of the two groups before and after the intervention were compared respectively.Results:After 3 months of intervention, the scores of knowledge about food phosphorus, compliance of phosphorus control diet and total score of the intervention group were (22.00±3.92), (34.82±4.69) and (56.82±7.48) points, which were higher than (18.46±3.57), (30.54±3.52) and (49.00±6.13) points of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( tvalues were 4.146, 4.536 and 5.022, P<0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the scores of knowledge about food phosphorus, compliance of phosphorus control diet and total score of the intervention group were (25.74±3.36), (41.63±5.27) and (67.37±7.67) points, which were higher than (20.97±3.81), (32.36±4.38) and (53.33±6.80) points of the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( tvalues were 5.815, 8.403 and 8.504, P<0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the blood phosphorus level in the intervention group was 1.81 (1.67, 2.10) mmol/L, which was lower than 2.13 (1.87, 2.32) mmol/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( Zvalue was-3.237, P<0.05). After 6 months of intervention, the blood phosphorus level in the intervention group was 1.75 (1.63, 1.91) mmol/L, which was lower than that in the control group 1.90 (1.83, 2.13) mmol/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( Zvalue was-3.343, P<0.01). Conclusion:Optimizing dietary management can improve patients' knowledge level of food phosphorus and dietary compliance of phosphorus control, effectively reduce blood phosphorus level, and have no obvious effect on nutritional status.

As a new hepatocyte-specific lipid droplet-related protein, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13) is involved in hepatocyte lipid synthesis. Recent studies have shown that an insertion-deletion variant of the HSD17B13 gene is associated with a reduced risk of chronic liver diseases; however, the specific biological function of HSD17B13 and its involvement in the pathogenesis of liver diseases remain unclear. This article elaborates on the biological function of HSD17B13, its mechanism of action in alcohol-related liver, and the research advances in clinical application.