Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on the invasion and migration of glioma cells in the rats and the role of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2)-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit glutamate 2 (GluR2) pathway.Methods C6 glioma cells were subcuhured and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:control group (group C);propofol group (group P);negative siRNA transfection + propofol group (group NP);ADAR2-siRNA transfection + propofol group (group AP).The cells were cultured in the common culture medium in group C.In NP and AP groups,negative siRNA and ADAR2-siRNA were transfected into the cells,respectively,and 48 h later the other procedures were similar to those previously described in group P.Propofol with the final concentration of 1.2 μg/ml was added,the cells were cultured for 6 h and then were cultured in the common culture medium for another 18 h in group P.The cells were selected to detect the cell viability by MTT colorimetric assay.The invasion of cells was determined by Transwell invasion assay,and the invaded cells were counted.The migration of cells was determined by cell scratch test,and cell migration rates were calculated.The expression of ADAR2 in the nucleus of cells and GluR2 in the cytomembrane was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the cell viability,the number of invaded cells and cell migration rates were significantly decreased,and the expression of ADAR2 in the nucleus of cells and GluR2 in the cytomembrane was significantly up-regulated in P and NP groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the cell viability,the number of invaded cells and cell migration rates were significantly increased,and the expression of ADAR2 in the nucleus of cells and GluR2 in the cytomembrane was significantly down-regulated in group AP (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the cell viability,the number of invaded cells and cell migration rates were significantly increased,and the expression of ADAR2 in the nucleus of cells and GluR2 in the cytomembrane was significantly downregulated in group AP (P＜0.05).Conclusion Propofol can inhibit the invasion and migration of glioma cells in the rats,and the mechanism is associated with activation of ADAR2-AMPA receptor GluR2 pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effect of propofol post-conditioning on synaptic transmission in neurons in CA1 region during oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) in hippocampi rats .Methods Hippocampi were isolated from male Wistar rats ,aged 15-20 days ,weighing 50-60 g ,and sliced at 350μm thick . The hippocampal slices were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each ) using a random number table :control group (group C) ,OGD/R group ,and propofol post-conditioning group (group P) .In group C ,the hippocampal slices were cultured in normal artificial cerebro-spinal fluid (nACSF ) for 7 min + 1 h . In OGD/R group , the hippocampal slices were incubated in glucose-free ACSF aerated with 95% N2 for 7 min followed by restoration of O2-glucose supply for 1 h .In group P ,the hippocampal slices were incubated in glucose-free ACSF aerated with 95% N2 for 7 min followed by incubation with normal ACSF containing propofol 1.2μg/ml for 1 h .The intensity and frequencies of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC ) and spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC ) in neurons in CA1 region were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp technique .Results Compared with group C ,the intensity and frequency of sEPSC were significantly increased ,while the intensity and frequency of sIPSC were decreased in OGD/R and P groups ( P<0.05) .Compared with group OGD/R ,the intensity and frequency of sEPSC were significantly decreased ,while the intensity and frequency of sIPSC were increased in group P ( P<0.05) .Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol post-conditioning attenuates OGD/R injury to hippocampi is related to inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission and enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission in neurons in CA1 region .

Objective To investigate the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on cultured Sprague-Dawley rat cortical neurons injured through hypoxia/reoxygenation.Methods Primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons were isolated from newborn rots.Neurons were pre-incubated with different concentrations (15,30 and 60 μg/L) of HGF.The cell viability was detected by MTT.Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometer.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and caspase-3 activity were determined by colorimetry.Results Compared with normal group,hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment significantly decreased cell viability,increased LDH activity and the percentage of apoptotic cells.Pretreatment of HGF for 12 h could remarkably reverse the decrease of cell viability and the increase of apoptosis rate in neurons induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment.HGF pre-treatment also attenuated the activity of LDH and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner.The effects of HGF could be inhibited by a special PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor,LY294002.Condusion HGF could attenuate rat cortical neuron injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.The neuroprotective effect of HGF may be related to activating PI3K/Akt pathway,and further suppressing the expression of caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the levels of activated Stat3 (p‐Stat3) and the expression levels of SOCS3 as well as their clinical significance and its impact on the pathogenesis ,progression ,and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer .Methods The levels of p‐Stat3 and SOCS3 were tested in 53 cases of gastric cancer tissues (test group) and 27 cases of adjacent non cancerous tis‐sues (control group) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) .The clinical pathological and follow up data were analyzed .Results The levels of activated p Stat3 were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than in non cancerous tissues .The levels of SOCS3 were lower in cancer tissues than in non cancerous control tissues (P<0 .05) .p‐Stat3 showed significantly different levels among TNM stages and tumor differentiation ,and the expression levels of SOCS3 were negatively associated with cancer invasion ,lymph node metastasis and TNM stages in cancer patients (P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,a negative correlation was observed between the levels of activated p‐Stat3 and SOCS3 in gastric cancer tissues (r= -0 .492 ,P<0 .05) .Kaplan Meier survival analyses indicated that the p‐tat3 levels were negatively correlated with total survival of gastric cancer patients ,the higher the levels of p‐Stat3 was ,the lower the total survival rate would be (χ2 = -5 .05 ,P<0 .05) .On the contrary ,the levels of SOCS3 showed a positive correlation with total survival (χ2 =10 .852 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion Increased a p‐Stat3 and decreased expression of negative Stat3 regulator SOCS3 may play important roles in the development and progression of gastric cancer ,both of which would potentially serve as prognostic mark‐ers for gastric cancer .

Objective To investigate the effect of downregulated activating transcription factor 3 ( ATF3) expression on proliferation of adrenocortical carcinoma cells and its mechanisms. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of ATF3 in human adrenocortical tumor tissues and cells. Adrenocortical carcinoma cells, Sw-13, and NCI-H259R cells, were transfected with siATF3 using lipidosome 2000, and expression of ATF3 mRNA was determined using RT-PCR; expression of ATF3, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, cleaved PARP, and PARP proteins were detected using Western blotting; cell growth inhibition rate and apoptosis rate were monitored using MTT and AnnexinV-FITC/PI, respectively. Sw-13 and NCI-H259R cells were treated with NVP-BEZ235, Perifosine, BKM120, IWP-2, PP2, KN93, Everolimus respectively followed by detected expression of ATF3 mRNA by realtime PCR. The effect of ATF3 on cell proliferation after inhibition of related signaling pathways were detected by MTT. Results The ATF3 in human adrenocortical gland tumor tissues and cells showed high expression. The levels of ATF3 mRNA and protein in Sw-13 and NCI-F259R cells transfected with siATF3 were significantly reduced. Compared with the negative control group ( NC siRNA), siATF3 transfection significantly inhibited the proliferation of Sw-13 and NCI-F259R cells ( P＜0. 05 ), and increased the apoptosis rate ( P＜0.05). Western blotting shown that the levels of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP protein in siATF3 transfected cells increased significantly; and realtime PCR results indicated that the expression of ATF3 mRNA was dramatically inhibited by PP2, KN93, and IWP-2 in NCI-F259R cells compared with control group ( DMSO ); but ATF3 significantly promoted the proliferation activity of NCI-F259R cells which treated by PP2, KN93, and IWP-2 signaling inhibitors. Conclusion High expression of ATF3 is existed in adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Downregulated ATF3 expression may inhibit cell proliferation and activate apoptosis pathway, resulting in apoptosis in Sw-13 and NCI-F259R cells, this mechanism of action is related to activating Wnt/β-catenin, CaMKI, and SRC pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in the treatment of medullary sponge kidney with calculi. Methods: A total of 77 patients (91 renal units) of medullary sponge kidney with calculi (MSK group) and 77 patients (77 renal units) with common kidney stone (control group) received PNL at Department of Urology in Peking University People′s Hospital from September 2006 to February 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The MSK group included 33 males and 44 females with a mean age of (42.1±13.2) years, the mean stone burden was (3.9±1.8) cm. The control group included 36 males and 41 females with a mean age of (45.3±13.0) years, the mean stone burden was (3.6±1.5) cm. The numbers of tracts, the time of operation, the drop of hemoglobin, the change of creatine, the time of hospitalization, the stone free rate and major complications were compared between the two groups. The measurement data and numeration data were compared with t test and χ² test. Results: There were no significant differences in sex, age, preoperative urinary tract infection, stone type, and stone burden between the two groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of bilateral renal calculus in MSK group was higher (18.2% vs. 0, χ²=15.400, P=0.000). There were 159 percutaneous channels were established in MSK group while 90 percutaneous channels were established in control group. Compared with the control group, the operation time ((88.1±37.5) minutes vs. (68.5±30.1) minutes, t=3.543, P=0.000) and hospitalization time ((15.1±8.3) days vs. (10.1±3.6) days, t=4.816, P=0.000) were longer, the creatinine level increased ((101.2±62.6) μmol/L vs. (71.3±23.6) μmol/L, t=3.777, P=0.000), the rate of stone free decreased (27.5% vs. 83.1%, χ²=51.840, P=0.000) and the rate of complications increased (29.9% vs. 11.7%, χ²=8.114, P=0.004) in MSK group. There was no statistically difference in hemoglobin drop ((12.5±13.2) g/L vs. (13.0±10.9) g/L, t=-0.260, P=0.795). Conclusions Using PNL for patients of MSK with calculi has a lower stone free rate and a higher complications. It is an effective method for patients of MSK with large and complex calculi.

Objective: To study serum zinc level in pregnancy and umbilical cord blood and their association with newborn birth weight. Methods: Pregnant women accepting obstetric examination in Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Care Center were recruited from May 2013 to September 2014. The follow up was conducted during their first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy and the self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information of social and demographic characteristics. Blood samples in the first, second pregnancy period and umbilical cord blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of zinc were assayed. 3 239 mother-infant entered the final analysis. We divided serum zinc level into low (<P₂₅), medium (P₂₅-P₇₅) and high (>P₇₅) groups according to their exposure concentrations at each trimesters. Non-conditional multivariate logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between serum zinc level in first, second trimesters of pregnancy and umbilical cord blood with small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Results: Serum zinc level in P₅₀ (P₂₅-P₇₅) during the first, second trimesters and cord blood were 1 016.18 (907.09-1 145.60), 813.36 (732.47-897.89) and 903.44 (808.71-1 015.64) μg/L, respectively. The prevalence of zinc deficiency during the first, second trimesters and cord blood were 1.5% (44/2 957), 15.9% (492/3 087) and 6.5% (176/2 707), respectively. The prevalence of total SGA and LGA were 9.7% (313/3 239) and 16.5% (536/3 239), respectively. Compared to high-level serum zinc group, the risk of SGA (OR (95%CI) in low-level serum zinc group during first trimesters was 1.51 (1.05-2.19)). Serum zinc level among second pregnancy period and umbilical cord blood had no statistically significant effect on SGA and LGA (both P values >0.05). Conclusion Zinc nutritional status of pregnant women in Ma'anshan city was at a good level. The low serum zinc level in first trimester increased the risk of SGA.