Prevalence of dislipidemia is increasing rapidly in China and there has been a growing interest in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of hyperlipidemia both inside and outside China. In this article, lipids regulating effects of 9 herbs or their extracts and 5 herbal formulae which have been published in English-language literature are reviewed. Although evidence from animals and humans consistently supports the therapeutic activities of these Chinese herbal medicines, few multi-center large-scale clinical trials have been conducted to confirm the efficacy and evaluate their safety.

Objective To investigate the status quo of application of fall risk factors assessment scale in nurses of different position in geriatric ward . Method Eighty-six nurses in different position were investigated by fall risk factors assessment scale . Results About 89 . 5%of the nurses could assess the fall risk factors on time and 80 . 2%could do it accurately , and only 62 . 8%of them worked out their nursing orders based on the possible falls. In terms of the accuracy in using fall risk factors assessment, the primary nurses was poorer than the senior nurses, with statistically significant difference between them (P<0.05). Yet there were no significant differences between them in timeliness and pertinence at working out nursing orders (P>0.05). Conclusion We should strengthen the training to the clinical nurses in correctly using the fall assessment scale , in order to exert the diagnostic value of the fall assessment scale, reduce the incidence of falls and ensure the safety of the patients.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different ratios of medicine dosage for isoflurane and propofol on postoperative cognitive function of rats with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Healthy male Wistar rats,aged 16-18 months,were used in the study.MCI model was established by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries.One hundred and fifty rats with MCI were divided into 5 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),isoflurane group (group I),propofol group (group P) and different ratios of medicine dosage for isoflurane and propofol groups (IP1,2 groups).The rats inhaled 1.9％ isoflurane for 3 h in group I.Propofol 40 mg · kg-1 · h-1 was infused intravenously for 3 h in group P.The rats inhaled 1.0％ isoflurane,and propofol 20 mg · kg 1 · h-1 was infused intravenously for 3 h in group IP1.The rats inhaled 1.4％ isoflurane,and propofol 10 mg· kg-1 · h-1 was infused intravenously for 3 h in group IP2.After disappearance of eyelash reflex,open reduction and internal fixation was performed after tibial fracture was induced.On 7 days after operation,contextual fear conditioning test and Y maze test were used to assess the cognitive function,and hippocampal tissues were obtained to count the viable neurons (using Nissl's staining) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 positive neurons (by immunofluorescence) in hippocampal CA1 region.Results Compared with group S,the rate of time spent in N arm,the rate of time spent freezing,and the number of viable neurons were significantly decreased,and the number of CHOP and caspase-12 positive neurons were significantly increased in IP2,I and P groups (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group IP1 (P＞0.05).Compared with group IP1,the rate of time spent in N arm,the rate of time spent freezing,and the number of viable neurons were significantly decreased,and the number of CHOP and caspase-12 positive neurons was significantly increased in IP2,I and P groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group IP2,the rate of time spent in N arm,the rate of time spent freezing,and the number of viable neurons were significantly decreased,and the nunber of CHOP and caspase-12 positive neurons was significantly increased in I and P groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion Combination of 1.0％ isoflurane and propofol 20 mg · kg-1 · h-1 does not aggravate the postoperative cognitive dysfunction of the rats with MCI.

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol post?conditioning on oxygen?glucose deprivation and restoration ( OGD∕R)?induced abnormal cell cycle activation in hippocampal neurons of rats. Methods Primarily cultured hippocampal neurons obtained from fetal Wistar rats were cultured for 7 days and seeded in culture wells (100 μl∕well) or in culture flasks (3 ml∕flask) at a density of 5×105cells∕ml. The neurons were divided into 3 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table: control group ( group C); group OGD∕R; propofol post?conditioning group (group PP). The neurons were subjected to oxygen?glucose deprivation for 1 h followed by restoration of oxygen?gulcose supply for 24 h. Propofol 1.2μg∕ml was added immediately after onset of oxygen?glucose restoration, and the neurons were incubated for 2 h in group PP. At 24 h of oxygen?glucose restoration, cells were collected for measurement of the cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, and the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP ) , intracellular Ca2+concentration ( [ Ca2+] i ) and distribution of cell cycle were determined using flow cytometry. Results Compared with group C, the cell viability and MMP were significantly decreased, [ Ca2+] i was signifi? cantly increased, the proportion of the cells in G0∕G1 phase was significantly decreased, and the proportion of the cells in S and G2∕M phases was significantly increased in OGD∕R and PP groups (P<0.05). Com?pared with group OGD∕R, the cell viability and MMP were significantly increased, [ Ca2+] i was significant?ly decreased, the proportion of the cells in G0∕G1 phase was significantly increased, and the proportion of the cells in S and G2∕M phases was significantly decreased in group PP (P<0.05). Conclusion The mechanism by which propofol post?conditioning reduces OGD∕R?induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons of rats is associated with inhibition of abnormal cell cycle activation.

One of the applications of cDNA microarrays is to recognize the class and subclass of diseases such as cancers on the basis of statistical pattern classification methods using gene expression data. In this paper, we apply 2000 genes expression dataset provided by Affymatrix Company: 40 samples of intestine cancer tissue and 22 samples of normal tissue. We compare the performance of four pattern classification methods based on different feature selection methods. These pattern classification methods include: Fisher linear discriminate, Logit nonlinear discriminate, the least distance and K-nearest neighbor classifier. The results show firstly that four pattern classifiers based on the feature selection methods of t-test and classification tree all have better performance than those based on the stochastic feature selection methods, secondly that K-nearest neighbor classifier has the best performance, thirdly that both the least distance classifier and K-nearest neighbor classifier have better generalization, fourthly that four classifiers are less sensitive to the composition of samples.
Gene Expression ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods

Objective To explore the technique and effect of selected three-field lymphadenectomy by left thoracotomy in treatment of thoracic middle or lower section esophageal squamous carcinoma. Methods From Jun. 2005 to Mar. 2009, 213 patients with thoracic middle or lower section of esophageal carcinoma received esophagectomy, bilateral mediastinal lymphadenectomy and pleural membrane resection.Group 1 -5, 7 - 12a, 16al, and 19 were performed to dissect abdominal lymph node and extended thoracic and abdominal lymphadenectomy and only lymph node extraction of mesoesophagus in neck field. Results 14197 lymphatic nodes(LN) were detected in 213 case. The average number of resected LN was 66. 65 ±24. 73. The metastatic lymph node was detected in 105 cases. The metastatic rate was 49.05% (105/213).There were 423 metastatic lymph nodes. The lymph nodes metastasis was 2. 97% (423/14197) of all dissected lymphatic nodes. No remnant carcinoma in the upper and lower cutting edge was found in pathological examination. The operation time ranged from 2. 92 ～ 4. 67 ( 3. 37 ± 0. 42) hours. Blood transfusion during perioperative period was 0 ～ 6u ( 1.08 ± 0. 93 ) u. Perioperative plasma transfusion was 0 ～ 1400( 103.77 ± 184. 89) ml. The hospital-time was 14 ～ 39 ( 17.64 ±4. 12) days. There were no anastomotic leakage and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. One case died from respiratory failure, the mortality was 0. 04% ( 1/213). Conclusion Surgical approach in the management of left thoracotomy in the sixth intercostals could extend resection of chest-field lymph node dissection, decrease neck field lymph node dissection. Abdomen-field lymph node dissection reached selected D3. The selected lymphadenectomy procedure had the advantages of small traumas and few complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of δ-opioid receptor in remifentanil-induced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in rat spinal dorsal horn neurons.MethodsMale 14-18 d old Wistar rats weighing 50-60 g were used in this study.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal choral hydrate 400 mg/kg and sacrificed.Their lumbar segments of spinal cord (L1-S1 ) were immediately removed and sliced.Twenty-four slices were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =6 each): control group (group C) ; glycine group (group G) ; remifentanil group (group R) and remifentanil + naltrindole(a δ receptor antagon) (group RN).Slices were cultured in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) (group C) or incubated in ACSF containing glycine 0.24 μmol/L (group G) or remifentanil 4 nmol/L (group R) or remifentanil 4 nmol/L+ naltrindole 1 nmol/L (group RN) for 60 min.Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to measure NMDA receptor mEPSCs.ResultsThe amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs were significantly higher in group R than in groups C and RN ( P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in amplitude and frequency of mEPSCs among gorups C,G and RN ( P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionActivation of δ-receptor can enhance NMDA receptor function in spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats which may be the mechanism of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia.

Objective To investigate the appropriate compatibility of appropriate compatibility of sevoflurane and propofol for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion in order to protect their cognitive function.Methods Eighty patients, 41 males, 39 females, aged 65-75 years, BMI 17-26 kg/m2, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled to undergo elective posterior lumbar interbody fusion, were to be scored according to Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), mini mental state examination (MMSE), dementia scale (CDR) and daily living ability scale (ADL) to identify patients with MCI before the surgery.They were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table: TCI propofol 2.0-2.5 μg/ml group (group P), TCI propofol 1.2 μg/ml+sevoflurane 0.6 MAC group (group PS1), TCI propofol 0.6 μg/ml+sevoflurane 0.9 MAC group (group PS2), 1.0-1.5 MAC sevoflurane group (group S).MoCA and MMSE were used to evaluate the cognitive function of patients 1 d before the operation (T0), after patients become wide-awake (T1), 3 d and 7 d after operation (T2 and T3).Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) concentration related to cognitive function in blood samples, which were drawn at T0-T3 would be measured with ELISA method.Results Compared with T0, the scores of MMSE and MoCA in four groups decreased significantly (P＜0.05) at T1, the scores of MMSE and MoCA in group S decreased significantly (P＜0.05) at T2;compared with T1, the score of MMSE in the four groups increased significantly at T2, T3 (P＜0.05).The scores of MMSE at T1, T3 in group S decreased significantly compared with groups P, PS1 and PS2 (P＜0.05).The scores of MoCA at T2, T3 in group S decreased significantly compared with groups P, PS1 and PS2 (P＜0.05).Compared with T0, the concentration of plasma ApoJ in the four groups increased significantly at T1 (P＜0.05).Compared with T1, the concentration of plasma ApoJ in the four groups decreased significantly at T2 and T3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group PS1, the concentration of plasma ApoJ at T1, T3 increased significantly in groups S and group PS2 (P＜0.05).Conclusion TCI propofol 1.2 μg/ml combined with 0.6 MAC sevoflurane group is the appropriate compatibility of sevoflurane and propofol for patients with MCI undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion,because it has less negative influence on cognitive function and lower concentration of plasma ApoJ.

Objective To explore the application value of three-dimensional (3D) female pelvic visualization model on transvaginal gynecological ultrasound imaging.Methods The second digital Chinese woman visible human datasets was selected,and a female pelvicvoxel-based model was constructed in Amira software for analog simulation combined with transvaginal gynecological ultrasound.The main structures and the space position variation of female pelvic cavity were observed,and the comparison study with conventional section of ultrasound was carried out.Results A high accuracy 3D visualization model of female pelvic was successfully constructed,and the anatomy structures can be dynamically and clearly displayed in any section orientation.An analog simulation research was carried out according to the scan mode of gynecological ultrasound,and a series of high resolution images consistent with scan sections of dynamic ultrasound were obtained,which had provided the optimal scan pathway for the fast inspection of the uterus,fallopian tubes and ovaries.Conclusion The 3D female pelvic visualization model based on digital Chinese woman human datasets has provided detailed and accurate anatomy information for transvaginal gynecological ultrasound imaging,which could be the benefit for doctors to understand the ultrasound images of female pelvic,as well as the accurate positioning ability to the lesions of female pelvic cavity.

Objective To assess the value of functional magnetic resonance urography (fMRU)for the unilateral renal function in children with hydronephrosis.Methods Fourteen children with congenital hydronephrosis (unilateral hydronephrosis in 1 2 cases,bilateral hydronephrosis in 2 cases)examined by fMRU in Beijing Children′s Hospital,Capital Medical University,were enrolled.In 7 patients of them,diuretic renal scintigraphy (DRS)was per-formed within 1 0 days before fMRU examination.The following parameters in fMRU,as renal parenchymal volume,volu-metric differential renal function (vDRF),Patlak,Patlak differential renal function (pDRF),index of glomerular filtra-tion rate (GFR)and differential renal function based on index of GFR (gDRF),were calculated and analyzed.Statisti-cal analysis was performed by using SPSS 1 3.0.Results In 7 cases whose fMRU and DRS were examined,the indexes of GFR obtained from fMRU and GFR from DRS were well correlated (r =0.892,P <0.001 )in 1 4 kidneys.The gDRF determined by 2 methods on the left kidneys[the average was(46.80 ±1 9.20)% and(45.1 8 ±20.29)%,respective-ly]had no significant difference (t =0.051 6,P =0.624),which was also highly correlated (r =0.91 2,P =0.004). In 1 2 cases with unilateral hydronephrosis,vDRF,pDRF,index of GFR and gDRF in hydronephrotic side[(43.54 ± 9.61 )%,(42.80 ±1 0.83)%,(38.56 ±29.23)mL/min,(38.37 ±1 3.61 )%]were all less than those in the con-tralateral side[(56.46 ±9.61 )%,(57.1 9 ±1 0.83)%,(57.02 ±26.22)mL/min,(61 .63 ±1 3.61 )%](t =2.326, 2.300,2.422,2.960;P =0.040,0.042,0.034,0.01 3).However,there was no statistical difference in both renal pa-renchymal volume and Patlak between the hydronephrotic and the contralateral side kidneys(t =1 .765,1 .450;P =0.1 05,0.1 75).Conclusions fMRU is a very valuable examination method in evaluating single kidney function in children with congenital hydronephrosis,and able to demonstrate that gDRF,indexes of GFR,vDRF and pDRF decrease in the hydronephrotic kidney.