Background A diverse cohort of patients and susceptible individuals congregate in healthcare facilities, where exposure to pathogenic microorganisms associated with respiratory infectious diseases constitutes a significant risk factor for cross-infection. Central air-conditioning ventilation systems improve some indoor environment indicators while exacerbating the risk of transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of microbial communities in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems of hospitals, providing a scientific basis for the selection of microbial indicators in hygiene standards for hospital central air-conditioning ventilation systems and for hospital risk early warning systems. Methods In October 2023, two central air-conditioning ventilation systems were selected from a Grade 3A hospital in Shanghai: one was an all-air air-conditioning system serving the waiting area on the ground floor, and the other was a fan coil plus fresh air system serving the outpatient area on the third floor. Samples from four different components of the ventilation systems—air outlets, filters, surface coolers, and condensate trays—were collected for high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze bacterial communities. Alpha-diversity and beta-diversity analyses were performed to investigate the microbial community composition and diversity characteristics of the hospital central air-conditioning ventilation systems. Functional analysis was conducted to determine the relative abundance of bacterial functions in these systems.Results A total of 528 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, encompassing 20 bacterial phyla, 37 classes, 79 orders, 123 families, and 240 genera. The analysis revealed that the bacterial community was predominantly composed of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadates, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The diversity analysis indicated that bacterial community richness and diversity were highest in the condensate trays, while no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the bacterial community composition among the air outlets, filters, and surface coolers. The functional analysis showed that the bacterial communities in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems primarily exhibited chemoheterotrophic, oxidative energy-dependent heterotrophic, and ureolytic functional characteristics. Conclusion The dominance of Proteobacteria suggests that this phylum exhibits strong adaptability in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems, possibly related to its ability to survive and reproduce under varying environmental conditions. The diversity analysis indicates that the condensate tray is a critical area for bacterial proliferation in the central air-conditioning ventilation systems. The similarity in environmental conditions among the air outlets, filters, and surface coolers result in similar bacterial community structures. The functional analysis reveals that the bacterial communities possess robust energy conversion and metabolic capabilities, potentially contributing to processes such as organic matter decomposition and nitrogen cycling within the central air-conditioning ventilation systems.

This review provides an overview of prenatal interventional treatments for fetal congenital heart disease (CHD), with a particular focus on the latest advancements in fetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV) and fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty (FPV). FAV aims to improve left heart hemodynamics, prevent hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), and promote biventricular circulation. FPV seeks to improve the natural history of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA/IVS) and critical pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum (CPS/IVS), alleviate right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and promote biventricular circulation. This article discusses patient selection, technical details, risk assessment, and clinical outcomes for these procedures, highlighting the challenges in current research, including the lack of standardized patient selection criteria and long-term prognostic studies. Additionally, it emphasizes the opportunities and challenges of fetal cardiac intervention (FCI) development in China and proposes recommendations for future improvements and research directions.

Objective To introduce a modified technique of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction using a handmade bicuspid pulmonary valve crafted from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and to summarize the early single-center experience. Methods Patients with complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) who underwent RVOT reconstruction with a handmade ePTFE bicuspid pulmonary valve due to pulmonary regurgitation at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from April 2021 to February 2022 were selected. Postoperative artificial valve function and right heart function indicators were evaluated. Results A total of 17 patients were included, comprising 10 males and 7 females, with a mean age of (18.18±12.14) years and a mean body weight of (40.94±19.45) kg. Sixteen patients underwent reconstruction with a handmade valved conduit, with conduit sizes ranging from 18 to 24 mm. No patients required mechanical circulatory support, and no in-hospital deaths occurred. During a mean follow-up period of 12.89 months, only one patient developed valve dysfunction, and no related complications or adverse events were observed. The degree of pulmonary regurgitation was significantly improved post-RVOT reconstruction and during follow-up compared to preoperative levels (P<0.001). Postoperative right atrial diameter, right ventricular diameter, and tricuspid regurgitation area were all significantly reduced compared to preoperative values (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of a 0.1 mm ePTFE handmade bicuspid pulmonary valve for RVOT reconstruction in complex CHD is a feasible, effective, and safe technique.

Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a member of the activating transcription factor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (ATF/CREB) family. As a stress-induced transcription factor, ATF5 plays a crucial role in cellular inflammatory stress responses. Under cellular inflammatory stress conditions, ATF5 maintains cell homeostasis and survival by regulating key genes in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR^mt) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). As a key regulator in UPR^mt, ATF5 senses mitochondrial stress and translocate to the nucleus to activate the transcription of UPR^mt-related genes, thereby promoting mitochondrial function recovery. Meanwhile, in ERS, ATF5 maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by regulating the expression of genes related to protein folding, degradation, and apoptosis, determining cell survival or death. ATF5 plays a vital role in various cellular inflammatory stress responses. In infectious inflammation, ATF5 plays an important role in alleviating neuroinflammation and maintaining intestinal barrier function by regulating UPR^mt. In inflammation related to degenerative diseases, ATF5 improves intervertebral disc degeneration and delays the progression of osteoarthritis by regulating UPR^mt. In metabolic inflammation such as diabetes and obesity, ATF5 regulates UPR^mt and ERS to maintain the function of pancreatic β-cells, controlling their survival or inducing apoptosis, thus influencing the progression of diabetes. ATF5 protects mitochondria in the kidneys, adipose tissue, and pancreas, slows the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and improves insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, in immune-related inflammation, ATF5 alleviates glomerulonephritis and promotes tissue repair by enhancing immune tolerance in dendritic cells. In summary, ATF5, as a key regulator in cellular inflammatory stress responses, maintains cell homeostasis through regulating UPR^mt and ERS and determines cell fate. Its critical regulatory role in cellular inflammatory stress responses makes ATF5 a potential clinical therapeutic target. This article summarizes the structural features and translational regulatory mechanisms of ATF5, focusing on its role in cellular inflammatory stress responses, particularly its regulatory mechanisms in UPR^mt and ERS, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for understanding ATF5's role in cell and organ protection and to offer new insights into the treatment of related inflammatory diseases.
Humans ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Activating Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Unfolded Protein Response ; Mitochondria/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Animals

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the major animal infectious diseases in the world. All cloven-hoofed animals are susceptible to FMD. Vaccination is still the first choice for the prevention and control of FMD. mRNA vaccines can be rapidly designed, synthesized, and produced on a large scale in vitro, and they can induce effective protective immune responses, demonstrating the advantages of rapid development, easy preparation, and low biosafety risks. The design of untranslated regions is a key to enhancing the expression and efficacy of mRNA vaccines. In order to generate an efficient FMD mRNA vaccine, we designed three FMD P12A3C expression vectors with different untranslated regions and synthesized corresponding mRNAs. By comparing expression efficiency of these vectors and their mRNAs at different time points and in different cell lines, we found that the mRNA P12A3C-UTR3 had the best expression and universality. This study laid a foundation for the development of mRNA vaccines against FMD and provided a theoretical basis for the optimal sequence design of efficient mRNA.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/genetics* ; Animals ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/immunology* ; Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis* ; Viral Vaccines/biosynthesis* ; Genetic Vectors/genetics* ; Cell Line ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology*

The real-time Delphi method represents a refinement of the classical Delphi technique, designed to overcome limitations such as prolonged study duration and delayed feedback during consensus development. This article, building upon the classical Delphi foundation, systematically elaborates on the application process, advantages, and limitations of the real-time Delphi method. It further presents currently available websites or software capable of facilitating real-time Delphi exercises and offers considerations and recommendations for its application in guideline development, aiming to serve as a reference for relevant researchers.

Objective: To investigate associations of suicidal ideation with clinical features, inflammatory markers, and thyroid hormones in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The subjects of this study were 203 schizophrenic patients, grouped on the basis of suicidal ideation. Clinical characteristics were assessed using multiple scales. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(MLR) and thyroid hormones were also detected. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analyses. Results : The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 21.7% in patients with schizophrenia. Logistic stepwise regression analyses showed that Calgary depression scale(CDSS) total score(OR=1.490, 95%CI=1.287-1.724,P<0.001), insomnia severity index scale(ISI) total score(OR=1.096, 95%CI=1.011-1.187,P=0.025), modified overt aggression scale(MOAS) total score(OR=1.111, 95%CI=1.016-1.215,P=0.021), MLR(Ln)(OR=15.123, 95%CI=3.868-59.125,P<0.001), and triiodothyronine(T3)(OR=0.037, 95%CI=0.003-0.388,P=0.006) were the independent influences of suicidal ideation. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analyses revealed that the five-item combination of CDSS total score, ISI total score, MOAS total score, MLR(Ln), and T3(AUC=0.908, 95%CI=0.867-0.949,P<0.001) had better ability to identify suicidal ideation. Conclusion The risk of suicidal ideation is relatively high in patients with schizophrenia, and there may be stronger associations between suicidal ideation and depression, insomnia, aggression, MLR, and T3.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of stabilization splint combined with routine home treatment in the treatment of masticatory myofascial pain.Methods A total of 32 patients with masticatory myofascial pain were selected from the Department of Prosthodontics,Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Stomatoiogical Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021,who received stabilization splint combined with routine home treatment.The clinical effective rate was analyzed after 3 months treatment.Visual analogue scale(VAS)and T-Scan Ⅲ digital occlusal evaluation system were performed before and after 3 months treatment to evaluate pain degree and occlusal function of patients respectively.The indexes of occlusal function were asymmetry index of occlusal force(AOF),center of force(COF),number of occlusal contacts(NOC),and occlusal time(OT).Results ①The clinical effective rate was 93.75%after treatment;②VAS,AOF,COF,and OT were significantly lower compared with prior treatment(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the NOC before and after treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion Stabilization splint combined with routine home treatment for masticatory myofascial pain are effective in relieving pain and improving occlusal function.

Objective To investigate the level of anxiety in patients with cervical vertigo and related influencing factors,to establish a mutual-help group based on WeChat platform,and to explore the effect of this model on anxiety.Methods A total of 128 patients with cervical vertigo who underwent surgery in Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital were enrolled consecutively and were randomly divided into control group and mutual-help group.The patients in the control group received routine health education,while those in the mutual-help group joined the WeChat mutual-help group in addition to the routine health education.The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)was used for evaluation.Results There were no significant differences in mean score and the detection rate of anxiety between the two groups be-fore discharge.The course of disease and social support received were independent influencing factors for anxiety.After 3 months,compared with the control group,the mutual-help group had significantly lower mean score[(37.2±9.5)vs(33.2±8.7),P=0.004]and detection rate of anxiety(29.6%vs 20.3%,P=0.034).Conclusion Patients with cervi-cal vertigo have marked anxious emotion,and the course of disease and social support are independent influencing factors.The rehabilitation mutual-help group based on WeChat platform can help to alleviate anxious emotion and facilitate the psy-chological recovery of patients with cervical vertigo.