To assess the level of health skills relating to infectious diseases among residents in Beijing and develop more effective strategies for controlling infectious diseases.We conducted a multistage sampling,retrospective cross-sectional survey of residents aged 18 and above from 6 districts by selfadministered and anonymous questionnaires in January 2011.The questionnaires consisted of health skills relating to infectious diseases.A total of 13 042 respondents completed the survey.The proportions of people with the skills for acquiring knowledge about infectious diseases,being able to read medicinal package insert,being able to read brochures with regard to basic knowledge about infectious diseases, being able to read laboratory test report andproper use of thermometer were 57.7％,71.0％,70.2％,47.9％ and 76.8％ respectively.The levels of health skills were different among different populations (P ＜0.01).A low level of health skills was observed among the poorly-educated people and elders.Therefore measures such as health education and skills training about infectious diseases should be taken to improve the health skills.

Objective To compare the effects of different surgical techniques for treatment of concealed penis. Methods A retrospective review of 219 patients underwent surgical correction of concealed penis between 1986 and 2007 was performed. The mean age was (10.3±2.4) years(3-15 years). The penile length was (1.9±0. 5)cm(0. 5-3. 0 cm)before operation. Ninty-three patients were the severe degree of concealed penis. The others were the moderate degree. All patients under-went operation with different techniques, including Johnston's technique in 34, Devine's technique in 42, modified Devinds technique in 125 and Brisson's technique in 18. The increased length of penile af-ter operation was compared among the 4 groups with different surgical techniques by statistical meth-od. Results The postoperative increased length of penile in Johnston's technique, Devine's tech-nique, modified Devine's technique and Brisson's technique was (1.8 ± 0. 4) cm, (2. 0 ± 0. 5) cm, (2.1±0.4)cm and (2.3±0.4)cm respectively. The difference was significant by ANOVA test (F=13.1,P<0. 001). Devines technique, modified DevineSs technique and Brisson's technique were better than Johnston's technique considering the increased length of penile. The complication of severe penile lymphedema of 4 groups developed in 8, 5, 6 and 2 patients respectively. Conclusion Modified De-vine's technique has the satisfactory increasing of penile length for treatment of concealed penis and less complication rate after operation.

Objective To investigated cerebral structural connectivity and its relationship to neuroleptic-na?ve individuals with first episode early-onset schizophrenia using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which could demonstrate the white matter integrity . Methods We recruited subjects with first episode DSM-Ⅳearly-onset schizophrenia who had never been exposed to antipsychotic medication(n=19) and sex ,age-matched healthy volunteers (n= 19) .All subjects received DTI and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans .Voxel-based analysis was performed to investigate brain regions fractional anisotropy (FA) values .Results Statistics revealed that schizophrenia patients showed significant FA reduction in left inferior frontal gyrus ,left temporal gyrus ,left occipital lobe and right middle temporal gyrus as compared to healthy subjects .Conclusion Deficits of white matter integrity in widespread brain regions of the first episode neuroleptic-na?ve early-onset schizophrenia patients .The presence of white matter abnormalities in the early-onset patients is suggestive of being related to the etilology of schizophrenia .

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of intertrochanteric fracture by the fixation using proximal femoral nail (PFN/PFNA).Methods From Jan.2008 to Dec.2010,56 cases with intertrochanteric fracture,including 18 males and 38 females with an average age of 76 years (range,67 -94 ),were treated by fixation with PFN or PFNA.All patients had closed fractures in the shaft of femur.The average time from injury to operation was 3.2 days (ranging from 2.0 days to 10.0 days).All the patients were followed for 1,2,3,6,12 month after surgery,respectively,and then at least once per year.The clinical outcomes were evaluated according to Harris criteria and radiological examinations.Results The mean operating time of all cases was 55 minutes ( ranging from 40 to 80 minutes),and the mean blood loss during surgery was 80 ml (range,50 - 150 ml).All patients was able to walk with walking aid 3 -7 days after surgery.All the patients with fracture healed after 3.5 - 6.0 months ( mean:4 months ).No complications such as infection,lower limb vein infarction,cut-out or breakage of the implants occurred.Four cases had coxa vara shortening deformation,According to Harris criteria,the clinical results were excellent in 43 cases,good in 9,and moderate in 4,with the rate of patients in excellent and good condition was 92.86％ (52/56).Conclusion PFN/PFNA is an effective and minimally invasive method for intertrochanteric fracture,with minimal invasion,high fixation-strength and optimal biomechanics characteristics.This treatment technique produces a high rate of bone re-union,early functional recovery and less complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Agricultural Workers' Diseases ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Notification ; Humans ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To find out the general status about the traditional Chinese medicine therapies that were included into medicare among the selected hospitals in the country's public hospital reform project, and to investigate the reasons for those not included and make recommendations.Methods Collecting relevant information through questionnaires, experts interviews and discussions.Results There are still some TCM therapies not included into the range of reimbursement.Most Of them are external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, special treatments of traditional Chinese medicine and comprehensive therapies of TCM.Conclusions The establishment of negotiations department about medicare in the field of traditional Chinese medicine was needed.Medicare should be in favor of TCM therapies, and traditional Chinese medicine hospitals should strengthen training of personnel and hiring.At the same time, a reasonable increase of the proportion of TCM experts involved in the making health insurance directory was needed.

Objective To track the magnetically labeled bone marrow mononuclear stem cells (BM-MNCs) in canine myocardial infarction (MI) model with MR. Methods BM-MNCs were labeled with Feridex effectively in vitro and then injected intramyocardially in 8 MI model dogs. Serial MR was performed with 1.5T MR scanner to show the location of the labeled cells compared with histology. Results The injection sites of labeled BM-MNCs could be located on the 1st and 2nd week, but disappeared on the 4th week. Corresponding to these sites, Prussian blue staining consistently showed that large clusters of cells were labeled by dense intracellular iron at the scar tissue. Conclusion Feridex labeling BM-MNCs enables ready detection in the beating heart on a conventional MR scanner after transplantation into canine infarcted myocardium.

Objective To investigate the effect of MS-275, an histone deacetylase ( HDAC ) inhibitor, on acute liver failure ( ALF ) induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in mice. Methods Thirty specific pathogen free (SPF) C57BL/6 male mice were randomly and equally divided into control, ALF model and MS-275 groups. ALF model was induced by D-galactosamine ( D-Gal ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the mice in MS-275 group received MS-275 (1 mg/kg) at 2 h before the induction of ALF.Serum and liver samples of mice were obtained at 24 h after ALF induction.The serum levels of ALT, AST, TBil and tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , interferon γ( IFNγ) , interleukin ( IL )-1β, high mobility group box 1 ( HMGB1 ) were tested by biochemical methods or ELISA kit, respectively.The expression of HDAC1, HDAC3, acetylation of histone H3, H4, P65, acetylation and phosphorylation of P65 in liver were detected by Western blotting.The changes of histology in liver was detected by HE staining, and the translocation of P65 in liver was detected by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of variables among the groups was performed using t test.Results MS-275 inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved the pathological changes of liver tissue.Compared with ALF group, serum ALT, AST, TBil levels were decreased in MS-275 group ( t =-22.215, -11.914 and-12.160, all P<0.05), but still higher than those in the control group (t=14.852, 11.692 and 8.333, all P<0.05); serum TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-1β, HMGB1 levels were also significantly decreased in MS-275 group (t=-7.926, -3.427, -2.475 and -5.920, all P<0.05), but TNF-αand IFNγwere still higher than those in the control group (t=5.541 and 5.514, all P<0.05).Compared with control group, the expression of class I HDAC in liver tissue was significantly decreased in MS-275 group ( t=-3.676 and-10.576, P<0.05), while the expressions of acetylation of histone H3, H4 and P65 were significantly increased (t=3.976, 5.559 and 4.588, all P<0.05).MS-275 inhibited the translocation of P65 from cytoplasm to the nucleus.Conclusion MS-275 can protect liver from acute failure in mice through enhancing the acetylation levels of non-histones.

Parkinson's disease(PD)is the most common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people.Constipation is one of the most common non-motor symptoms of PD.Anorectal manometry can objectively reflect anorectal movement and sensory function,and is one of the necessary tests to check anorectal function,judge the type of constipation,and evaluate the effect of constipation treatment.This paper expounds the detection indicators and significance of anorectal manometry,and summarizes the characteristics of anorectal manometry in PD patients with constipation:decreased maximum anal systolic pressure,insufficient rectal propulsion,decreased rectal sensitivity,and the type of constipation in PD patients is mainly outlet obstruction with contradictory anal contraction or insufficient relaxation during defecation.

Objective To explore the protective affect of individual earmuffs in microtia reconstruction using tissue expander.Methods 95 patients performed the implantation of tissue expander had been grouped into the experimental group(49 cases)and the control group(46 cases).Patients in the experimental group wore individual earmuffs,whereas patients in the control group wore traditional earmuffs.The survey including the information of patients' experience in wearing the earmuffs was carried out on the day when patients were given auricular reconstruction.Data collected from the two groups were analyzed to evaluate the aspects of permeability and safety.Results Patients in the experimental group complained less discomfort in sultry in permeability and tinnitus than patients in the control group.From the perspective of safety,there was no complaints of mosquitoes climbing into the earmuffs from the two groups.Because of the good adhesiveness of the individual earmuffs to the skin,the incidence of redness of skin in the experimen tal group was significantly lower than that in the control group.Conclusions Individual earmuff is a safe and comfortable nursing appliance which is practical for clinical application because of its good permeability,adhesiveness and less incidence of redness of skin.