OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for benign sustainable development of traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises in Guizhou. METHODS:Taking 129 traditional Chinese and ethnic medicine enterprises of 9 city and prefecture in Gui-zhou as survey object,questionnaires survey was conducted in 55 enterprises by stratified sampling according to location. The data statistical analysis was carried out in respects of related policies familiarity,product positioning,independent innovation from 2009 to 2013. Relevant development countermeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:45.1% of enterprises ex-pressed to know and be familiar with relevant policies,51.0% expressed to alert but only understand,and 3.9% said largely un-known. At the past five years,the annual output value and sales revenue of enterprises had risen year by year. Almost 80% produc-tion and technical personnel of enterprises had the junior title or no title;marketing department staff mainly had college and second-ary school degree,accounting for 47.5% and 25.3% respectively;research personnel mainly had bachelor and college degree,ac-counting for 57.0% and 33.7% respectively. At the past five years,independent innovation input took up 2.4% of sales revenue av-eragely. There are problems,such as small and medium enterprises occupying dominate position;enterprises lacking of sufficient understanding on related policies;strategies being adjusted slowly;independent innovation input intensity needing to increase. Countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as strengthening the relevant policy advocacy,guiding corporate mergers and acquisitions,closely paying attention to industry development,changing innovation ideas,and attaching importance to research of exclusive production of essential medicine.

Objective To compare the compression properties of articular cartilage and polyinyl alcohol hydro-gel(PVA-H)as artificial carlage.Method Unconfined compression tests were conducted on articular card-lage and PVA-H,including stress-strain tests,creep tests and stress relaxation tests.The stress-strain rela-tionship of articular cartilage and PVA-H were measured.Result The compression modulus of articular card-lage was higher than that of PVA hydrogel.The average compression modulus of articular cartilage and PVA hydrogel was(3.6492±0.6199)Mpa and(1.5951±0.1469)Mpa,respectively.Condusions The experimental results revealed the differences existed between articular cartilage and PVA-H and this would be useful to fur-ther improve the mechanical properties of artificial cartilage.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the sustainable development of pharmaceutical enterprises in Guizhou prov-ince. METHODS:A questionnaire was conducted for 55 pharmaceutical enterprises in Guizhou province,the basic situation of en-terprises,familiarity of related directors to Good Manufacture Practice of Drugs(GMP)and relevant policy,the current situation of implementing the new version GMP were investigated and statistically analyzed,problems were found,and corresponding coun-termeasures were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Totally 55 questionnaires were sent out,49 valid ones were received with effectively recovery of 85.1%. The results showed 43 enterprises(87.8%)had passed the GMP authentication;only 13 enter-prises(26.5%)directors were very familiar with the new version GMP. In terms of personnel management,the head of production management and quality management and the authorized person of quality and personnel had not yet met related requirements of the new version GMP fully;in terms of equipment and production management,production area transformation(clean areas,lounges, warehouses,water use) and air purification system design in most enterprises met related requirements of the new version GMP, 23 enterprises (46.9%) still can not conduct fully inspection to products and materials;in terms of document management,there were still some enterprises not meeting the new version GMP standards fully,enterprises'documents(health area layout,air purifi-cation layout,management procedures,operating procedures,etc.) of production site were imperfect. According to the investiga-tion,the main existing problems included lack of funds in implementing the new version GMP reform,not enough understanding or familiarity with the new version GMP,relevant personnel management not reaching the designated position,equipment and pro-duction management needing to be strengthened,document management systemic being poor,risk management being not sound, etc. It is suggested that government should give all forms of capital policy and strengthen the training of the new version GMP;en-terprises should attach great importance to the relevant personnel management,strengthen the equipment and production manage-ment,set up perfect document management system and a sound system of risk management.

Objective To evaluate the role of neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) in neuropathic pain (NP) in rats.Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 190-210 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),group NP and NPY2R antisense ohgonucleotide group (group ODN).NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI).5 μg/μl NPY2R antisense oligonucleotide 30 μl was injected intrathecally 7 days after CCI in group ODN.While normal saline 30 μl was injected intrathecally in group S.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and cold allodynia were measured 3 days before CCI (T0,baseline),7 days after CCI (T1) and at 15 min,1.5,3.0,4.5 and 6.0 h after intrathecal injection (T2-6).The animals were then sacrificed after the last measurement and the lumbar segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of NPY2R and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and co-expression of NPY2R with CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons (by immuno fluoresceence).Results Compared with group S,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased and cold allodynia was increased at T1-6,and the expression of NPY2R and CGRP and co-expression of NPY2R with CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons was up-regulated in NP and ODN groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group NP,the mechanical paw with-drawal threshold was significantly increased at T3-5,and the expression of NPY2R and co-expression of NPY2R with CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in cold allodynia and the expression of CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons in ODN group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion NPY2R in the spinal cord dorsal horn is involved in the maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia,but not in the maintenance of clod hyperalgesia in rats.

Aim To further study the molecular mecha-nism of the herbs with hot nature on the regulational action on TRPV1 channel based on the 7900 Real-time PCR instrument. Methods 7900 PCR instrument was applied to detect the intracellular flurescence of TRPV1 channel in the dorsal root ganglions ( DRG ) neurons and the effect on the TRPV1 ’ s thermo-sensational functions of the selected 11 ingredients from hot herbs was explored. Results TRPV1 channels could be ac-tivated by gradually elevated temperature; the activa-tion process could be blocked by the TRPV1 specific blocking agent capsaizepine. Most of the ingredients from hot-nature herbs had the potential to up-regualate TRPV1 channel function. Conclusions The estab-lished TRPV1 channel detection system based on PCR instrument is suitable for the analysis of regulational functions of drugs on the heat-activated TRPV1 chan-nel;the functions of hot herbs may be related to the up-regualtional effects of its active ingredients on the TRPV1 channel which will further up-regulate energy metabolism.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of using the disposable whole laminectomy, laminoplasty and microsurgical tumor removal to treat intraspinal extramedullary benign tumors. Methods Sixty-four patients, 71 cases adult intraspinal extramedullary benign tumors were removed by the disposable whole laminectomy, laminoplasty and microsurgical tumor removal operation, all postoperative patients were followed up to observe the clinical efficacy. Results Patients with small tumors and large tumors all had a faster recovery of neurological function than preoperative, recent and long-term efficacy were all better than preoperative, and long-term efficacy was superior to short-term efficacy; Patients with giant tumors had a slow-er recovery of neurological function than preoperative, short-term efficacy was not better than preoperative, but the long-term efficacy was superior to preoperative. Conclusion The disposable whole laminectomy, laminoplasty and microsurgical tumor removal is an excellent method of treating intraspinal extramedullary be-nign tumors.

Background and purpose: Three-incision esophagectomy for patients with esophageal cancer has been increasingly used, but the incidence of either postoperative anastomotic leak or stricture is higher than that in intrathoracic gastroesophageal anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effects of the side-to-side stapled cervical gastroesophageal anastomosis in preventing anastomotic leak and stricture after three-incision esophagectomy. Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven patients undergoing three-incision esophagectomy for esophageal cancer with gastric replacement were reviewed. A side-to-side stapled cervical gastroesophageal anastomosis was performed in 71 cases and manually sewn anastomosis in 56 cases. The incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak and stricture was compared between these two groups and the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS11.0 soft.Results: Anastomotic leakage was noted in seven patients (9.9%) in the stapler group and fourteen patients (25.0%) in the manually sewn group (P=0.04). After the operation two patients (2.8%) in the stapler group and nine patients (16.1%) in the manually sewn group developed a benign esophageal stricture (P=0.02).The incidence of either postoperative anastomotic leak or stricture in cases of the stapler group was significantly lower than that in the manually sewn group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Construction of the cervical esophagogastric anastomosis with a side-to-side stapled technique provides a larger luminal diameter which significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative anastomotic strictures. The surgery also greatly reduces the incidence of anastomotic leaks and strictures, so it could be used as an alternative strategy for cervical esophagogastric anastomosis after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer

To further uncover the scientific significance and molecular mechanism of the Chinese herbs with pungent hot or warm natures, endogenous and exogenous expression systems were established by isolation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and transfection of HEK293 cells with TRPV1 channel gene separately. On this basis, the regulation action of capsaicin, one main ingredient from chili pepper, on TRPV1 channel was further explored by using confocal microscope. Besides, the three-sites one-unit technique and method were constructed based on the brown adipose tissue (BAT), anal and tail skin temperatures. Then the effect of capsaicin on mouse energy metabolism was evaluated. Both endogenous and exogenous TRPV1 channel could be activated and this action could be specifically blocked by the TRPV1 channel inhibitor capsazepine. Simultaneously, the mice's core body temperature and BAT temperature fall down and then go up, accompanied by the increase of temperature of the mice's tail skin. Promotion of the energy metabolism by activation of TRPV1 channel might be the common way for the pungent-hot (warm) herbs to demonstrate their natures.

Aim The TRPV1 plasmid was transiently transfected into human embryonic kidney HEK 293T cells to establish the heterologous expression system of TRPV1-channel. Methods The transfection efficiency was confirmed under fluorescence mi-croscope and the TRPV1 protein expression was identified by u-sing Western blot, and the functional characteristics of the chan-nel were studied by using the method of confocal microscopy. Results The transfection rate could reach 40% ~50%; the transfected cells were found to have a clear band at the corre-sponding position that TRPV1 should be, which indicated that TRPV1 channel protein was expressed in the transfected cells. The confocal microscopy imaging result showed that the trans-fected HEK 293T cells were activated by TRPV1 channel ago-nist. Conclusion Transient transfection of HEK 293T cells with TRPV1 channel is successfully constructed and the heterol-ogous TRPV1 channel is verified to have normal calcium-media-ting function.

Objective To summarize the experiences of Nuss procedure for complicated pectus excavatum.Methods From August 2006 to July 2011,443 patients with pectus excavatum received Nuss operation.Among them,95 patients with complicated pectus excavatum (CT Haller index ＞ 6) received modified technique of Nuss procedure,including multi-bar technique,oblique placed bar,double arc bar technique; fix with wire ; osteotomies ; auxiliary small incision; thoracoscopy placed by different lateral.Results All operations were successfully accomplished without severe complications.The mean operative time was (90.13 ± 39.12 ) minutes and the mean volume of blood loss was (45.41 ± 19.23 )ml.The mean hospital stay was (7.21 ± 2.87 ) days.All patients have been satisfied with their surgical correction.Therapeutic results evaluation was excellent in 75.8％ of patients,good in 16.8％.Conclusion Multi modified technique of Nuss procedure can lead to a satisfactory outcome for complicated pectus excavatum patients.