ObjectiveTo study the ent-kaurane diterpenoids from Rabdosia rubescens.MethodsThe compounds were isolated by chromatographies and their structures were identified by spectral analyses.ResultsFour compounds were isolated,and they were identified as bisrubescensin E (1),2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2),2α,3α,24-trihydroxyurs-12,20-(30)-dien-28-oic acid (3),and 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (4).ConclusionCompound 1 is a new asymmetric ent-kauranoid dimer.Compound 2 is isolated from the plant for the first time.Compounds 3 and 4 are isolated from the plants ofRabdosia (B1.) Hassk for the first time.

Objective To explore the relationship between serum Cystatin C (CysC) ,hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and the carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) .Methods 85 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups according to IM T level :Normal IM T group and IM T increased group .40 healthy people were chosen as control .The level of CysC and hs-CRP were measured and IMT of the carotid artery was determined by color Doppler ul-trasonography in 85 diabetics and 40 normal subjects .Results The CysC levels in IMT increased group was higher than normal IMT group and control group(P<0 .05) .The hs-CRP level in IMT increased group was higher than that in the normal IMT group and control group(P<0 .01) .The analysis of correlation indicated that the level of hs-CRP had positive correlation with IMT .And there was no association between serum CysC level and carotid IMT (r=0 .104 ,P>0 .05) .Conclusion There is no definite correla-tion between serum CysC level and carotid IMT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus .Serum CysC level is not predictive index in carotid intima-media thickness of T2DM .Inflammatory play an important role in early carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM .

Objective To investigate in vitro anti-tumor activity and the related mechanism of four alkaloid monomers from Sophora alopecuroides,and to evaluate their toxicity on normal cells,thereby to screen the drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity anti-tumor effects.Methods Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was employed to determine the effects of four alkaloid monomers on the proliferation activity of human lung cancer cells and hamster lung cells.Morphology of apoptotic lung cancer cell nucleus was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy with Hochest33342 staining.Cell apoptosis and necrosis were measured by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI double staining.Results The four alkaloid monomers showed different degree of proliferation inhibition on lung cancer cells with dose dependent manner.Oxysophoridine had the strongest inhibition effect on lung cancer cells and the minimun toxicity on normal lung cells.Hochest33342 staining and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that oxysophoridine could induce the apoptosis and necrosis of A549 cells.Conclusions All four alkaloid monomers have certain anti-tumor effect on lung cancer cells.Oxysophoridine is the most active one with high efficiency and low toxicity characteristics,which is suitable for use as anti-tumor drug candidate for further development.

BACKGROUND:The kidney tissues easily affected exercise ischemia reperfusion, increased free radicals and inflammation, resulted in abnormal renal function after acute exercise. OBJECTIVE:To observe the influence of Blackcurrant Extract on the structure of kidney and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB at 24 hours after exhaustiveexercise. METHODS:A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). Rats in the Blackcurrant Extract group were intragastricaly administered 0.44 g/kg Blackcurrant Extract. Rats in the quietness control group and 24-hour exhaustive exercise group were intragastricaly given an equal volume of distiled water for 6 consecutive weeks. Rats in the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group and Blackcurrant Extract group received no swimming motion until exhaustion fatigue after final intragastric administration. Twenty-four hours later, samples were obtained. Kidney tissue morphology and ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy and light microscopy. Protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB was detected using immunohistochemistry. Tumor necrosis factor-αmRNA and nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression was detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the quietness control group, tumor necrosis factor-α protein and nuclear factor-κB protein expression in the kidney was higher in the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA and nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group, tumor necrosis factor-α protein and nuclear factor-κB protein expression was lower in the Blackcurrant Extract group, and nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Kidney in the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group showed obvious morphological changes and ultrastructural damage. The structure of the kidney in the Blackcurrant Extract group tended to be normal. Results suggested that Blackcurrant Extract can repair the kidney tissue injury, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, and prevent inflammatory damage in the kidney at 24 hours after exhaustive exercise.

BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been considered the gold standard for treatment of symptomatic degenerative disc disease within the cervical spine.However,fusion may result in progressive degeneration of the adjacent segments.Artificial disc replacement seems to be promising,segmental motion and stability are preserved while the spinal canal has been enlarged,and the intervertebral disc biological mechanics has been preserved,but not leads to progressive degeneration of the adjacent segments.OBJECTIVE: To observe the functional outcome and kinematics after the Prodisc artificial neck intervertebral disc replacement.METHODS: A total of 55 cases (69 intervertebral discs),29 males and 26 females,aged 48 (31-76) years were selected,including14 with bi-segmental injury.There were 32 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy,9 of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,and 14 of mixed type cervical spondylosis.Prodisc artificial neck intervertebral disc replacement was performed using anterior or oblique incision.Prospective data JOA score and kinematic measures were collected before surgery and at 3,6,12,and 24 months after surgery.Range of motion was determined by independent radiologic assessment of flexion-extension radiographs.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 55 patients were followed-up,including 41 undergoing single segmental disc replacement and 14 undergoing bi-segmental disc replacement.They were followed up for 22(56-48)months postoperatively.JOA scores displayed improved cervical function by 56%.Range of motion of sagittal and coronal planes were similar to those prior to operation compared with preoperatively(P = 0.45,0.74),and the range of motion and stability were maintained as adjacent segments.Results showed that the artificial disc replacement maintained range of motion of original intervertebral disc,accelerated patient recovery,and slightly affected adjacent intervertebral disc.

Objective To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools. Methods The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cmaway fromthe wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chick-en blood made the cast-off bloodstain fromtop to bottom. Then the holistic distribution characteristics ( length , width and density ) of cast-off bloodstain and morphology characteristics ( length , width and contact angle) of first single cast-off bloodstain were analyzed. Results The distribution length of cast-off bloodstain formed by dirk was minimum( P<0 .05 ) . The distribution width of cast-off bloodstain formed by kitchen knife was minimum(P<0.05). Except the pair of kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, the distribution density between each two tools had statistical differences (P<0.05). The length of first single cast-off bloodstain formed by plane set-hammer was longest compared (P<0.05). The width of first single cast-off bloodstain had statistical differences between kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, and between dirk and plane set-hammer (P<0.05). Conclusion The type of hitting tool could be inferred by the specific characteristics of cast-off bloodstain pattern formed by every specific type of hitting tool in crime scene.

Objective To investigate the impact of daily life ability, self-efficacy and social support on post-stroke depression. Methods This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. A convenience sample of stroke patients from neurology department was created. Data were collected from patients about their level of daily life ability, self-efficacy, social support and depression measured. Inferential statistics multiple regression analysis was used to estimate the relationships between the predictors and post-stroke depression. Results A total of 144 (96.00%) of 150 stroke patients completed the questionnaires. The level of depression was 14.19 ± 9.25 with 25.00% (36/144) of incidence of post-stroke depression. Self-efficacy scored 40.45 ± 11.41, social support scored 28.34 ± 8.02, which negatively predicted depression (r=-0.834 and-0.736, P<0.01 respectively). Self-efficacy had the most significant impact on depression (t=-6.433, P < 0.01), however, the impact from daily life ability scored 76.74 ± 22.12, which had not statistically significant impact on depression (t=-1.773, P=0.083). Conclusions During treatment and nursing management of post-stroke depression, attention should be paid to the psychiatric variable such as self-efficacy and social support.

Objective To improve the recognition for infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA-Ⅰ) and the level of early diagnosis,intervention and treatment for SMA-Ⅰ.Methods The clinical data of 39 patients with SMA-Ⅰ were analyzed retrospectively, including the clinical manifestations, neural electrophysiological characteristics, geno-type, diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of SMA-Ⅰ.Results Of the 39 cases with SMA-Ⅰ , 37 cases (94.9％) had onset in 6 months after birth.The paralyses of the limbs were symmetrical and flaccid.The lower was more severe than the upper , and the proximal was more severe than the distal, hypotonia and tendinous reflex disappears.Thirty-two cases (82.1％) had normal serum creatine kinase, and 7 cases (17.9％) increased slightly.Nerve electrophysiological examination showed that 169 (96.0％) had spontaneous potentials in 176 muscles.Of 160 limb muscles,35 (21.8％) released few motor unit potential (MUP) ,117 (73.1％) extended the duration of MUP and 104 (65.0％) increased the amplitude of M UP.Of 167 peripheral motor nerves, 160 (95.8％)decreased the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential and 162 (97.0％) had normal motor conduction velocity.Of 93 peripheral sensory nerves, 93 (100.0％) had normal range of the conduction.The gene detection showed that 38 cases had homozygous deletion of exon 7,8, and 1 case had homozygous deletion of exon 7 and heterozygous deletion of exon 8.In the effective follow-up of 30 cases,6 cases died in the 2-3 months after birth,4 cases died in 10 months after birth, 12 cases died in 12-18 months after birth.Six cases survived to 2 years old,2 cases survived to 3 years old,and all of them died of pulmonary infection.Conclusions There are typical clinical and nerve electrophysiological characteristics for SMA-I.Nerve electrophysiological examination can be used as an important method for diagnosis and differential diagnosis for SMA-I.Genetic testing can be used to identify the disease and make prenatal diagnosis.Through comprehensive intervention the quality of life can be improved in SMA-Ⅰ children.

AIM:The aim of this study was to examine the microstatellite instability(MSI)and loss of heterozygosity(LOH)of locus D17S396 on chromosome 17 and their influence on the expression of nm23H1 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which may provide experimental evidence for the mechanism of nm23H1 gene and tumor metastasis.METHODS:Techniques such as DNA extraction from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues,PCR-SSCP,ordinary silver stain were used to study MSI and LOH of locus D17S396.Envision immunohistochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques were used to assess the expression of nm23H1.RESULTS:① The frequency of heredity instability of HCCs was 35.42%.The frequency of LOH in the cases with lymph node or distant organs metastasis or not and with intrahepatic metastasis or embolus of portal vein or not was significantly different(P