Objective The study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and risk factors of early post-mastectomy pain syndrome (EPMPS) after surgery for breast cancer.Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 231 female patients with breast cancer who appeared EPMPS after surgery in the First Hospital of China Medical University from September 2012 to September 2014.They were followed-up for 3 months.Results Among 231 female patients with breast cancer,41.1％ (95/231) suffered from EPMPS.The incidence of EPMPS in women of 40-59 years old was 66.3％ (63/95),significantly higher than other age groups,RR=l.83,P＜0.05.Those who were submitted to axillary lymph node dissection and those without preservation of intercostobrachial nerve had shown a significantly increased risk of EPMPS compared with those with sentinel lymph node biopsy plus no surgery and preservation of intercostobrachial nerve patients (81 cases vs.14 cases,41 cases vs.18 cases,x2=19.921,P＜0.01;x2=11.045,P＜0.05).Conclusions The frequency of EPMPS in the middle-age women is high and possible explanations are unclear.Surgery of axilla affects the incidence of EPMPS,reassurance is key to coping with EPMPS in nursing and rehabilitation.

Composite materials are widely used in various areas including medicine.They are constructed with two or above kinds of materials by using physical or chemical methods in macroscopic scale and possess new properties.Based on the characters of composite materials,several theoretical methods for studying the mechanical properties of composite materials are introduced in detail as well as their wide application in medicine.

Objective To explore the influence of salvianolic acid B(SalB) to blood brain‐barrier(BBB) in vitro oxygen/glu‐cose deprivation and reintroduction .Methods We used the human brain microvascular endothelial cells and C6 cells to build BBB model that in vitro ,and the models was divided into normal groups ,experiment groups ,treatment groups .The Earle′s liquid and the condition of 93% N2 ,2% O2 ,5% CO2 replaced the normal culture environment to simulate environment of oxygen /glucose depriva‐tion and reintroduction .The changes of BBB permeability was detected by the horseradish peroxidase permeability test .The tight junctions(TJs) was detected by immunofluorescence and electron microscope .Results The permeability of treatment group was significantly lower than the experiment group (P < 0 .05) ;The TJs of normal group was continuous and density ;the experiment group′s TJs was interruption and osteoporosis ;and the observation of treatment group′s TJs was between of the two group above . Conclusion The SalB can directly protect the BBB during oxygen /glucose deprivation and reintroduction ,and decrease the permea‐bility .The investigation also provided the research foundation for the SalB to protect the BBB .

Objectives To detect ultrasonic knife frequency and correct the result.Methods Oscillography analysis law was adopted to determine the frequency.Results Oscillography analysis law was practical for the determination of ultrasonic knife frequency.Conclusion This paper realizes the quantitative detection of ultrasonic knife frequency without related national standard and industrial standard.

Objective To establish a stable in vitro model of blood-brain/tumor barrier (BBB/BTB) simulating in vivo state u-sing the human brain endothelial cells(hBMEC) ,brain pericytes (PC) and U251 glioma cells(U251) .Methods An in vitro model of BBB/BTB was constructed using Transwell inserts(pore size 1 .0 μm)coculture while three cell subculture reaches a certain num-ber .Its barrier function was evaluated by the 4-hour leakage test ,inverted microscope to observe morphological changes ,horseradish peroxidase permeability test and tight junction protein Claudin-5 and Occludin identification expression observed by immunofluores-cence technology .Results hBM EC monolayers demonstrated a typical cobblestone-like appearance ,Non-contact spindle cocultured monolayer growth appeared its uniqueswirl poolshape ,fusiform morphology ;the pericytes displayed irregular shape and overlap-ping grow ;U251 showed typical tumor cell growth .Fluid leakage test were interviewing a certain level difference in three different ways to build models ;immnocytochemical staining showed a continuous and dense tight junction formed between the endothelial cells but intensity ranging ;horseradish peroxidase permeability of three different models showed that pure hBMEC (43 .490 ± 3 .572)% ,hBMEC+U251(36 .540 ± 1 .475)% ,hBMEC+ PC+U251(26 .460 ± 2 .372)% was significantly lower ,the difference was statistically significant(t=19 .330 ,P<0 .01) .Conclusion hBMEC+ PC+ U251 cocultured the morphology ,tructure and barrier function have more advantages than pure hBMEC and hBMEC+U251 ,have the basic characteristics and function of BTB/BBB ,and they have provided a new tool reseach function ,regulation mechanisms and drug screening the BTB/BBB in future .

OBJECTIVE: To observe the CT imaging features of anatomic structure related to endoscopic axilla approach for surgery of the frontal recess and frontal sinus. METHOD: Thirty patients without a history of frontal sinus disease were undergone 16 line high speed spiral computed tomography. The computed tomographic images were analyzed to measure the related structures. RESULT: The vertical distance from the front attachment point of the middle turbinate to the skull base was 13.88 +/- 2.59 mm. The horizontal distance from the top point of the axilla of the middle turbinate to the anterior wall of the frontal sinus outflow tract was 5.77 +/- 12.32 mm, to the anterior wall of the nasal cavity was 13.67 +/- 12.54 mm, to the lamina papyracea or lacrimal sac was 5.89 +/- 1.69 mm. CONCLUSION Sixteen line high speed spiral computed tomography is helpful to endoscopic axilla approach for surgery of the frontal recess and frontal sinus.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Frontal Sinus ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Turbinates ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the application value of 16S rDNA-based detection technique in the rapid screening for and confirmation of gonococcemia. Methods A 41-year-old male patient was hospitalized for recurrent regular fever and chills for 1 month. Several days before the admission, he developed urgent micturition, frequent micturition and pain in urination, anemia with emaciation appearance, slightly pale-looking skin and mucous membranes. No petechia, skin eruption or superficial lymphadenectasis was observed, but routine blood test and urine test results were abnormal. No abnormality was found in stool test or hepatic and renal function. DNA was extracted from the blood of the patient and subjected to PCR for the amplification of 16S rDNA followed by sequence analysis and homology analysis. At the same time, bacterial culture of blood and drug sensitivity test for the bacterial isolate were performed. Results Homology analysis indicated that the amplicon sequence was consistent with the known sequence of 16S rDNA of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in GeneBank, which agreed well with the culture result of peripheral blood. Conclusion The detection of 16s rDNA with PCR from peripheral blood is highly efficient, specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate for the screening for and confirmation of gonococcemia.

Objective To investigate the distribution of cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the polymorphism of EPIYA motifs in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases in Changchun area of China and to evaluate the association between EPYIA motifs patterns and gastrointestinal diseases.Methods Hp strains were isolated from clinical samples.Their cagA gene was analyzed by PCR and sequencing analysis.Nucleotide sequence of cagA gene was translated into amino acid sequence by using DNAMAN software,and then the amino acid sequence was imported into software MEGA6.0 for multiple comparisons and construction of a phylogenetic tree.Results A total of 60 Hp strains were isolated and identified from gastric mucosa specimens collected from 298 patients.Hp infection was not correlated with patient's age or sex (P>0.05).The isolation rate of Hp in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) group was higher than that in non-peptic ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) group (P<0.05).Of the 60 Hp strains,90% (54/60) carried cagA gene.Twenty-three out of 26 successfully sequenced strains (88.4%) were East Asian-type including 22 containing EPIYA-ABD motif and one containing EPIYA-ABBD motif.The other three strains (11.6%) were Western type including two carrying EPIYA-ABC motif and one carrying EPIYA-BC motif.Results of the phylogenetic tree showed that the sequences of cagA gene were clustered into two groups,East Asian-type and Western-type groups.East Asian-type strains caused no disease cluster of statistical significance.All Western-type Hp strains were isolated from patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD).Four mutant Hp strains were detected in the PUD group and the amino acid mutations preferentially occurred in the EPIYA-B segment.Conclusion The positive rate of Hp cagA gene is 90% in this region.Its distribution is not related to the type of gastrointestinal diseases.EPIYA-ABD (84.6%,22/26) is the predominant EPIYA motif.The amino acid mutation of EPIYA-B segment is closely related to peptic ulcer disease.Neither significant change in the sequence of 3' region of Hp cagA gene nor regional difference is observed in those Hp strains circulating in Changchun area of China.

AIM: To investigate the in vitro anti tumo r immune responses of dendritoma formed by mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells and lymphotactin gene modified dendritic cells (DCs). METHODS: DCs prepared from mouse bone marrow were genetically mo dified by lymphotactin adenovirus, and fused with H22 cells by polyethylene glyc ol. RT-PCR and ELISA were employed to identify lymphotactin expression at mRNA a nd protein levels. The phenotypes and fusion efficiency were detected by FACS. T he stimulatory capacity of DC to T cells was detected by mixed leukocyte reactio n. The cytotoxicity activity against H22 cells was assayed by LDH method. RESULTS: Lymphotactin effectively expressed by DCLptn/H22 hybrid oma. DCLptn/H22 cells induced potent T cell proliferation effect and generated s trong CTL reaction against allogenic H22 cells. CONCLUSION: Lymphotactin genetic modification enhanced the in vitro immune activity of dendritoma.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of suprapubic small cut method combined with transurethral resection prostate(TURP) on the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) complicated with bladder stones.Methods Sixty patients with BPH complicated with bladder stones ≥ 3 cm in the People's Hospital of Futian Affiliated to Guangdong Medical College from January 2013 to September 2014 were selected as the study group,and another 60 patients with BPH complicated with bladder stones＜3 cm during the same period were selected as the control group.The cases in the study group were treated with suprapubic small cut method combined with TURP,and the cases in control group were treated with transurethral method combined with TURP.The intraoperative indicators (including the time used for crushed stone,total operation time,blood loss,conversion to laparotomy,blood transfusion and bladder perforation),residual bladder stones and complications of postoperative were compared.Results The operations of the two groups of patients were successfully,and there was no conversion to laparotomy and either bladder perforation.The stone removal time and total operative time of patients of the study group were shorter than of the control group,the difference was statistically significant((12.20±3.55) min vs.(24.05±7.68) min,(62.31± 10.49) min vs.(82.46± 16.75)min;t =10.849,7.897;P＜0.001).The intraoperative blood loss and the cases of blood transfusion of patients of the study group were less than the control group,but the prevalence of urinary tract infection were higher(6vs.4),but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Residual stones were more commonly in the control group than in the study group (study group:0,control group:6 cases),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =6.316,P=0.012).Conclusion BPH complicated with bladder stones can be treated by the suprapubic small cut method combined with TURP or transurethral method combined with TURP,but suprapubic small cut method combined with TURP is safer and more effective,which is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.