Investigation on anti-HCV in different cohorts of 21844 blood donors from 18 districts and counties of Beijing, and Guan, Yongqing, Xincheng, Xushui counties of Hebei province had been performed. It was showed that the anti-HCV-positive rates of voluntary and nonpaid donors were 1.7% (13/738) and 2.9% (116/3943) respectively, and 13. 6% (2011/14757)and 48.1% (1161/2415) for paid donors and plasma pheresis donors respectively. It was also found that the anti-HCV-positive rates of paid donors from Guan and Yongqing counties were (16.4%82/499) and 13.9% (53/381) respectively, 50% (575/1148) and 56% (540/965) for plasma pheresis donors from those counties respectively. The positive rates increased with the level of ALT. More than 45.5% donors whose ALT was above 45 U had anti-HCV.

The methods of extraction of purified blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)from human bully coat (BC), and the conditions of serial production of high titer IL-2 by using PBMC as raw material were studied. For separation of PBMC was selected Methyl Cellulose-Ficoll Hypaque (MC-FH) which can not only be suited to its serial production but also ensure its quality. The separated PBMC's viability was more than 95%, and the phagocyte contamination was less than 5%. The combined PHA/TPA induction method was selected by investigating the various induction methods and conditions. The conditions for inducing the IL-2 by TPA/PHA method were as following., the PBMC's concentration had better be 1.25～2.5?10~6ml; 5% of normal human AB serum was substituted for calf serum; domestic universal microorganism culture kit was used instead of imported CO_2 culture kit: culture was conduced in the rotating 500ml sealed bottles at 37℃ for 72～96 hours. The titer of IL-2 produced under mentioned above conditions reached four digits, and its highest value was 2100 IU/ml and was 20 times higher than that of the titer of IL-2 induced by PHA method. The yield of IL-2 induced with 20units of buffy coat(from 4000ml whole blood) was 23?10~6IU, and the resulting amount of induced liquid was 2000～3600ml. This provided a suitable technological process for production of IL-2 using the buffy coat as raw meterial. (Original article on page 1)

Objective To study the association of sex, body mass index and insulin resistance with serum leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods one hundred and eight patients were divided into two groups according to BMI: diabetic obese group and diabetic normal BMI group.Their weight and height were measured. Fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting true insulin(FTI),postprandial true insulin(PTI),and fasting serum leptin(LEP) were also measured. ISI=1/(FPG?FTI) as insulin sensitivity index were used to analyse the relation between leptin and insulin resistance. Results ⑴The serum leptin,body mass index,FTI and PTI were significantly higher in diabetic obese group than diabetic normal BMI group. ISI was significantly lower in diabetic obese group than diabetic normal BMI group. ⑵Female serum leptin levels were significantly higher than male serum leptin levels in diabetic obese group and diabetic normal BMI group. ⑶Fasting leptin was correlated with sex. Leptin was positively corrected with body mass index,FTI and was negatively corrected with ISI. Serum leptin wasn't correlated with FPG. Conclusin Serum leptin level is associated with sex,BMI and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes.

0.05). The main toxicities were well tolerated and consisted of leukopenia,nausea/vomiting and peripheral neuritis. Grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ nausea/vomiting,renal toxicity and cardiac insufficiency occurred more frequently in the control group,peripheral neuritis occurred more frequently in the study group (P

A novel ionization enhancer, methylamine formate, was proposed for improving the detection sensitivity of triglyceride in edible oil by reversed phase liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS).The commonly used isopropanol-acetonitrile-methanol-water and isopropanol-acetonitrile were selected as the mobile phase.By using a reversed phase C18 column, and taking the corn oil in isopropyl alcohol as sample solution, we compared methylamine formate with ammonium formate, as ionization enhancers, for their effect on the detection sensitivity of triglyceride by LC-ESI-MS after screening other different ionization enhancers, such as formic acid, acetic acid, ammonium formate, ammonium acetate, butyl formate, dibutylamine formate, triethylamine formate, diethylamine formate, methylamine formate, and ethylamine formate.The result indicated that, by using methylamine formate, the mass spectral peak response and the signal to noise ratio for trilinoleic glyceride component were 5 times higher than that of ammonium formate.The effect of the concentration of methylamine formate ionization enhancer, the flow rate of the mobile phase and the flow rate of nebulizing gas on the detection of methylamine formate were investigated.The concentration of triglyceride components in corn oil starting to form aggregates was similar in different mobile phases in the electrospray process according to measurement of the relationship between corn oil concentrations and the total ion chromatogram peak area of triglyceride.In particular, the peak area of trilinolein was linear with its concentration in the range of 7×10-7-2×10-4 mol/L (R2=0.9997), but increased slower in the higher concentration range.According to the experimental data, the mechanism for improvement of detection sensitivity of methylamine formate was suggested as that the addition of methylamine mono-charged ions with hydrophobic groups had lower solvation energy, which made the enriched addition ions easily evaporation from the droplet surface, thus improving the electrospray ionization efficiency.This method provided an effective way to improve the detection sensitivity of triglyceride in edible oil by LC-ESI-MS.

Macrophages have been identified to play an important role in acute and chronic renal injury through exerting multiple biological effects.This review focus on the origin of macrophages in kidney, mechanism of renal injury and strategy of inhibiting macrophage infiltration. [

Objective To investigate the status of self-management behaviors and sense of coherence (SOC) in patients with type 2 diabetes as well as their correlation. Method A total of 348 patients with type 2 diabetes participated in the survey by way of the general demographic data form, diabetes self-care scale (2-DSCS) and sense of coherence scale (SOC-13). Results The total score on 2-DSCS was (65.61 ± 14.55), and 17.24%of them were scored fairly well. The total score on SOC-13 was (63.25 ± 11.46), with an average score of (4.87 ± 0.88) on every dimension of it. The total score on 2-DSCS together with its dimensions was positively correlated with the total score on SOC-13(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusions The SOC and self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes should be enhanced. In order to improve the level of self-management, nurses should take some individualized interventional measures based on the level of SOC in patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical data of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)compli-cated with embolism in children,and to improve the understanding of the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Methods Six cases of MPP complicated with embolization,who were treated at Nanjing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 201 0 to June 201 5,were analyzed retrospectively.Results The ages of 6 cases ranged from 3 years and 3 months old to 1 3 years and 1 0 months old,and 3 cases were boys,3 cases were girls.All of 6 patients had high fever,positive anti -Mycoplasma IgM antibody (≥1 160)and sputum fluores-cence quantitative -Mycoplasma pneumonia (FQ -MP DNA),and all the chest imaging was consistent with pneumonia. Among 6 patients,4 cases complicated with liver function damage,4 cases had D -dimer rise,5 cases of erythrocyte sedi-mentation rate increased at different degree,while pleural effusion or pleuritis was found in 5 cases.The region of embo-lism in the cases included left renal artery in 1 case,the left popliteal artery in 1 case,the right middle cerebral artery em-bolism combined with cerebral infarction in 1 case,the right subclavian vein embolism combined with right upper extremi-ty embolism in 1 case,the basilar artery and bilateral posterior cerebral artery embolism combined with cerebral infarction in 1 case,and the other case involved the right pulmonary embolism.One case received thrombus dislodgment operation, and all of 6 cases were given the treatment including anti -infection,anticoagulation and low dose of glucocorticoid the-rapy,among whom 1 case died of cerebral hernia,and the other 5 cases improved.Conclusions MPP is often complicated with hypercoagulative state and potentialized to thrombosis,and thrombus may occur in vessels of whole body organs,and cerebral infarction had poor prognosis.Consequently,doctors should be aware of the potential risk factors for thrombosis. Early diagnosis and prompt anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy could reduce mortality and disability rate.

Objective To establish a new allele specific PCR method for GPT typing: and study GPT polymorphism by FLDAS-PCR and PCR-RFLP. Method 248 unrelated individuals of Han were genotyped using FLDAS-PCR and PCR-RFLP. Results Three genotypes were identified with DP of 0.631 in Han population. Typing results by FLDAS-PCR were completely consistent with those by PCR-RFLP. The allele frequencies were GPT * 1 = 0.5423 and GPT * 2 = 0.4577. The population data fitted the Hardy-Weinberg law. Conclusion GPT-FLDAS-PCR and GPT-RFLP method is useful for forensic identification.

Objective To explore the changes of coagulation factors in Xinjiang Uygur and Han patients with diabetic mellitus in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of diabetic mellitus patients.Methods 2 100 patients with diabetic mel-litus were taken as the patient group which were diagnosed in our hospital between February 2014 and April 2015,another 446 healthy people were collected as the control group.The difference of coagulation between diabetic mellitus group and control group was compared.Coagulation between Uygur and Han was compared for 2 100 diabetic mellitus patients.Results The APTT of dia-betic mellitus group were significantly less than that in control group(P <0.05).FIB of diabetic mellitus group were significantly higher than that in control group(P <0.05).The difference of PT between diabetic mellitus group and control group were not sig-nificant(P >0.05).The APTT of Uygur group were significantly less than Han group(P <0.05).FIB of Uygur group were signifi-cantly higher than Han group(P <0.05).PT between Uygur group and Han group was not significant(P >0.05).Conclusion Fac-tors were difference of diabetic mellitus patients and healthy people,coagulation factors in diabetic mellitus patients of Xinjang Uygur and Han.