BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1)is a cytokine having variously biological effects in repair and renew of tissue injuries; meanwhile, tendon sheath fibroblasts and collagen Ⅰ play important roles in healing and desmoplasia of tendon.OBJECIVE:To study the effects of TGF-β1 on the proliferation and collagen production of tendon sheath fibroblasts.epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes in the three cell types of rabbit fexor tendon.DESIGN:Contrast observation study.SETTING:Department of Trauma Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University from July 2004 to September 2005.A total of 6 adult New Zealand rabbits,of either gender,weighing 3.5-4.5 kg,were selected from Qingdao Experimental Animal Center.Collagenase was provided by Sigma Company;collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ antibody by Sigma Company;TGF-β1 by Wuhan Boster Biology Company.METHODS: Three cell lines of tendon sheath,epitenon and endotenon were isolated from rabbit flexor tendon and cultured in serum culture media and then in serum-free culture media.In addition,the cells in the experimental group were added with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 in each well,but they were not added with any additive in the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Proliferation in the two groups was measured with cytometry at 1,2,3 and 4 days after culture.②Preduction of collagens Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was measured with immunohistochemical staining at 4 days after culture.③Collagen contents of the three types were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in the two groups;expressJon of collagen Ⅰ gene was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).④Contents of collagen Ⅰ induced by TGF-β1 in various dosages of 0,5.10,15 and 20 μg/L were detected with ELISA technique.RESULTS:①Proliferated rates were similar in the two groups at 1 day after culture;however,proliferated rate of tendon sheath fibroblasts was rapidly increased, and there was significant difference as compared with that of epitenontenocytes and endotenon tenocytes(P＜0.05).②Expressions of collagens Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ:Immunocytochemical stain demonstrated that three kinds of cells could produce collagens Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ;while ELISA indicated that the contents of collagens in three types produced by tendon sheath fibroblasts were the most;in addition,content of collage Ⅰ was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group(P＜0.05-0.01).③Expression of collage Ⅰ gene of tendon sheath fibroblasts was increased as 1.3 times in the experimental group as that in the control group and there was signiflcant difierence(P＜0.01);meanwhile,expressions in epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes were also higher in the experimental group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).④TGF-β1 in the dosage of 5-10 μg/L had obvious effects on increasing production of collagen;however,production of collagen was not obviously changed when it was affeCted by TGF-β1 in the dosage of 10-20 μg/L.CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 can increase the production of collagen in tendon sheath fibroblasts,epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes and the expression of collagen Ⅰ gene. In addition, it is important for regulating level of TGF-β1 after tendon injury to prevent adhesion of tendon.

[Objective]To probe the approach of supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin in the treatment of lung cancer. [Methods] With detailed research into Chinese medicine literature from recent years regarding its application in lung cancer, the basic pathogenesis of lung cancer, and relevant clinical effects and fundamental research of lung cancer are summarized.[Result]Numerous studies have shown that Qi and Yin deficiency is the basic pathogenesis of lung cancer, thus the approach of supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin can reduce the side effects and strengthen the clinical effects of radio-chemotherapy, stim-ulate immune function, improve life quality, and prolong the survival time of the patients.[Conclusion]It is significantly obvious that the approach of supple-menting Qi and nourishing Yin has shown great advantages in the treatment of lung cancer, however further clinical and basic research are expected.

Disruption of blood supply to the femoral head and subsequent hypoxia are implicated in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head(ONFH),which frequently leads to the progressive collapse of the femoral head,thus causing degenerative arthritis of the hip joint.But the pathophysiology of osteonecrosis of the femoral head has not been completely elucidated.It is accepted that steroids and alcohol intake are two most common causes of ONFH.Now many theories have been proposed to decipher the etiology and pathogenesis of ONFH,including abnormal lipid metabolism,elevated intraosseous pressure,intravascular coagulation,second collision theory,etc.The purpose of this review is to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

[Objective]To investgate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate in glucocorticoid-induced rabbits.[Method]Twenty mg/kg methylprednisolone was injected into right gluteus medius muscle at intervals of 24 hours for three times in 21 adult male Japanese white rabbits.Three rabbits were killed randomly at 2 weeks after methylpednisolone injection,both the femora and humeri were histologically examined for the presence of osteonecrosis. The remaining 18 animals with a total of 36 cylindrical 2.5?5 mm femoral head defects were created following the trapdoor procedure. Eighteen animals with femoral head bone defects were randomly divided into three groups. Group A:the defects filled with strontium-doped calcium polyphosphat,Group B:the defects filled with calcium polyphosphate and Group C:the defects filled with autologous cancellous bone alone. Roentgenographic and histological examinations were performed postoperatively. Finally,immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF was performed.[Result]No hip joint dislocation occurred. In Group A,the results of VEGF expression had a significantly difference from those in the other groups 12 weeks after operation. Most of the biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate was resorbed and was largely replaced by newly formed trabecular bone at 12 weeks. While in Group B,a major part of defect were repaired. New formed trabecular bone in the defect was very thin. In Group C,morsellized cancellous bone was completely surrounded by fibrous and newly formed trabecular bone. [Conclusion]VEGF expression in the defect of osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the repairing with biodegradable strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate may play a role in stimulating vascular invasion and granulation tissue formation.This may be an important step toward facilitating the resorption in the osteonecrosis,thus impooring the repairing proceduce of femoral head defect.

Objective To observe the alteration of scavenger receptor class A types Ⅰand Ⅱ (SR-AⅠ/Ⅱ) gene knock-out on lipid metabolism in mice fed with high-fat diet, and explore the underlying mechanism. Method The SR-AⅠ/Ⅱgene knock-out and wild-type male mice were fed with normal and high-fat diet for 12 w. Thereafter, the level of lipid metabolism (such as the levels of lipids in blood and liver) was detected with enzyme method or oil red O staining, and the expression of scavenger receptor class B typeⅠ(SR-BⅠ) and CD36 in liver was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results Under high-fat diet condition, as compared with wild-type mice, the levels of TG, TC, LDL and HDL in SR-AⅠ/Ⅱgene knock-out mice were decreased at 3, 6, 12 w (P0.05). Conclusion The alteration of lipid metabolism induced by high-fat diet in SR-AⅠ/Ⅱgene knock-out mice might be relative with the up-regulated SR-BⅠmRNA expression and the counter transport of peripheral lipids to liver.

Objective To investigate the effect of remifentanil combined with dezocine or fentanyl on analgesia in patients with cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 98 patients with cholecystectomy from our hospital were collected, patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group with 49 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated by remifentanyl combined with fentanyl intravenous injection and patients in the experimental group were treated by remifentanyl combined with dezocine intravenous injection.The analgesia and sedation score and vital signs changes at recovery time (T1), after recovery 1h (T2), 2 h (T3), and the revival time, extubation time and adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Results The visual analogue scale score in experimental group at T1 , T2 , T3 and Ramsay sedation scale ( RSS) at T2 , T3 were lower than control group, the revival time and extubation time in experimental group were lower than control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference at T0 ,T1 ,T2 and T3 between two groups.There was no respiratory depression happened in two groups, and there was no significant difference in adverse drug reaction between control group and experimental group (16.33% vs.10.20%).Conclusion The remifentanil combined with dezocine has a good inhibitory effect on postoperative hyperpathia with less adverse reactions.

Objective:To find out the problems still existing in the teaching reform through the investigation and research of eight-year program graduates of clinical medicine.Methods:In 2017, 118 questionnaires were issued to Batch 2005-2006 graduates of eight-year program in clinical medicine, and 103 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The questionnaire was based on that of the Fuyi Design of the Education Department in Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University. The questionnaire was revised on the basis of the pre-survey and the statistical analysis was carried out on the data using Excel 2010.Results:We found that 60.2% of the graduates were satisfied with the training mode of eight-year program, 69.9% of the graduates gave a satisfactory evaluation on the teaching quality in the teaching hospital, and 63.1% of the graduates believed that the curriculum still need partial adjustment.Conclusion:Based on the finding, medical talent training mode is relatively mature in Batch 2005-2006 eight-year program of clinical medicine. The future medical education reform of the eight-year program should be more embodied in innovating the grafting mode of professional medical degree system, strengthening enrollment publicity, adopting diversified enrollment, strictly controlling procedure, carrying out integrated curriculum reform, enhancing clinical teaching design, at the same time further improving teachers' comprehensive quality, and speeding up the construction of clinical teaching staff.

Objective To investigate the effects of RO20-1724 on repetitive ketamine administration-induced learning and memory impairment in immature rats.Methods Forty-eight 21-day-old SD rats of both sexes weighing 45-55 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each):control group(group C); ketamine group (group K); ketamine + RO20-1724 group (group K+ R) and ketamine + vehicle (ethanol) group (group K+ A).Ketamine 70 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) once a day for 7 consecutive days in groups K,K+ R and K+ A.RO20-1724 0.5 mg/kg and equal volume of ethanol were injected IP at 30 min after IP ketamine once a day for 7 consecutive day in groups K + R and K + A respectively.Morris water maze test was used to assess learning and memory ability.The escape latency and the number of times of passing the safe zone were recorded.The animals were killed after water maze test and their brains removed for microscopic examination of hippocampus and determination of p-CREB protein expression in hippocampus (by Western blot).Results Repetitive ketamine administration significantly prolonged the escape latency,decreased the number of times of passing the safe zone and down-regulated the expression of p-CREB protein in hippocampus on the 3rd and 4th day in group K as compared with group C.RO20-1724 significantly attenuated the above changes induced by repetitive ketamine administration in group K + R as compared with group K.Electron microscopic examination showed that RO20-1724 significantly ameliorated repetitive ketamine administration-induced hippocampal neuronal damage.Conclusion RO20-1724 can ameliorate cognitive dysfunction induced by repetitive ketamine administration.Up-regulation of cAMP /CREB signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism.

This study is to investigate the effect of hydroxyethylpuerarin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by MCAO. Hydroxyethylpuerarin (10, 20, 40 mg·kg-1, iv) was administered just 30 min before occlusion and immediately after reperfusion. After a 24 h reperfusion following 2 h of MCAO, the number of viable neurons in hippocampal CA1 region was counted by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. TNF-α protein and its mRNA expression were examined with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) respectively. NF-κB activity was observed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and inhibition of NF-κB α (IκBα) protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting analysis. Animals treated with hydroxyethylpuerarin had a significant increase in neuronal survival in comparison with vehicle-treated group. Hydroxyethylpuerarin significantly reduced the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α following 2 h of ischemia with 24 h of reperfusion. NF-κB DNA binding activity and the degradation of IκBα in the cytoplasm also decreased by hydroxyethylpuerarin treatment. The protective effects of hydroxyethylpuerarin against ischemia-reperfusion injury may be mediated by decreasing the expression of TNF-α and the activity of NF-κB in rats.

Objective To observe the effect of Ro 20-1724 on social interaction ability of developing rats after repeated ketamine anesthesia.Methods 32 rats with 21 days old were randomly divided into four groups,control group (C group),ketamine group (K group),ketamine + Ro 20-1724 group (K + R group),ketamine + ethanol group (K + E group).Ethanol was used as a solvent of Ro 20-1724.Ketamine 70 mg· kg-1 was intraperitoneal injected,30 min later,to give or not give Ro 20-1724 0.5 mg · kg-1 or equivalent ethanol solvent for once each day for seven consecutive days.Then the rats were fed for three days.On the fourth day after the last administration,the social interaction ability were assessed in all rats.The expression of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in hippocampal CA1 region was detected using conventional ELISA.Results Comparing with rats in C group,the time spent on the cage of lifeless body ((60 ± 29) min vs (109 ± 33) min,P ＜ 0.01),unfamiliar rats (103 ±35)min vs (151 ±42)min,P＜0.01;((123 ±34)min vs (184 ±46) min,P＜0.05) and familiar rats (89 ± 25) min vs (140 ± 38) min,P ＜ 0.01) in the social interaction test was significantly less in K group.The time spent significantly prolonged in group K + R,comparing with K group (lifeless body:(94 ± 34) min vs (60 ±29) min,P＜0.01) ;unfamiliar rat 1:(140 ±41) min vs (103 ±35)min,P＜0.05) ;unfamiliar rat 2:(171 ±45)min vs (123 ±34)min,P＜0.01) ; familiar rat:(133 ±35)min vs (89 ±25) min,P＜0.01).And there was no difference between K group and K + N group (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of BDNF in hippocampal CA1 region was significantly lower in K group,comparing with C group ((8.6 ± 2.7) ng/ml vs (11.8 ± 2.4) ng/ml,P ＜0.01) ; and there was a significant increase in K + R group,comparing with K group ((10.1 ± 3.6) ng/ml vs (8.6 ± 2.7) ng/ml,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ro 20-1724 significant rescued social interaction impairment induced by ketamine anesthesia in developing rats.And BDNF in hippocampal CA1 region contribute to the reversal process.