Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP criteria) version 1 was first launched by geriatricians from Cork University Hospital (Ireland) in 2008.The criteria played a positive role in identifying potentially inappropriate prescriptions.It could also enhance the supervision of drug abuse and reduce adverse drug reactions in the elderly.Recently,a new version of STOPP was published,with updated,more practical and evidence-based guidance.Here we translated and edited the new version of STOPP,in order to provide a valuable reference for physicians and pharmacists and promote rational drug use in elderly patients.

Objective To study automatic drawing on target therapy area based on MRI and CT imagings in order to get the precision less than 1 mm in HIFU treatment.Methods Based on MRI and CT imagings,automatic image was recognized and the frame was extracted by image processing and image segmentation,etc..Results The system of software we are studying can be effectively used to recognize medical automatic images and get target therapy areas' image drawings.Conclusion This system of software will be used in medical precise treatment systems,such as HIFU 3D Treatment Regional Planning System.

Objective To study the common imaging characters of the human tissues such as tumors in MRI based on hysteromyoma in hope of getting the results that the same tissue has the same MR characters and identifying the common,comparatively steady MR figs sectional area which can provide related references for the computer-based automatic recognition orgnization and basis for the question such as whether the same MR figs has the same hyperacoustic impedance characters.Methods We analysed all the images with hysteromyoma on MRI T2 and got the rules on MR figs change with the application of the MRI image analysing software which specially designed by Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 for the research.Results(1)No significant difference was found in MR figs sectional area in the different periods of the same patient under the same MRI test condition.(2)No significant difference was found in MR figs sectional area in different patients under the same MRI test condition.(3)Significant difference was found in MR figs sectional area after the patient received the HIFU treatment under the same MRI test condition.Conclusion(1)Human tissues have some common MRI imaging characters in the same MRI test equipment under the same MRI test condition.(2)Imaging characters of the human body tissues in MRI can be altered after HIFU treatment.

Objective To study the efficacy of transurethral holmium laser resection as well as instant intravesical Pirarubicin instillation for superficial bladder carcinoma.Methods 51 cases with superficial bladder cancer were divided into observation group(A) including 26 cases and control group(B) including 25 cases stochastically.The 26 cases of group A were received transurethral holmium laser resection as well as instant intravesical Pirarubicin instillation therapy whereas 25 cases of group B received transurethral resection therapy.All patients of both groups were treated with intravesical instillation of Pirarubicin therapy regularly at least 1 year and have been followed up for 15 to 39 months.Results Differences were not significant between the two groups in the mean operation time and bladder perforation rate(P ＞0.05 ),but indwelling period of urethral catheter was markedly decreased in group A than group B ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There were 4 cases of recurrence in group A,recurrence rate was 15.4％ (4/26).While there were 11 cases of recurrence in group B,recurrence rate was 44.0％ (11/25 ).Significant difference in cancer recurrence rate was found between two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Compared with transurethral resection therapy transurethral holmium laser resection as well as instant intravesical Pirarubicin instillation for superficial bladder carcinoma was more effective and quicker recovery,which has a good applied future in the clinical practice.

Laboratory diagnostics is an important discipline functioning as a bridge between basic and clinical medicine and it is closely associated with the diagnosis of clinical physician.But there are some problems in the laboratory diagnostic teaching including unreasonable curriculum standard,simple teaching method and unpractical theory.This paper explored and summarized the problems and the reform of laboratory diagnostics teaching mode for students of clinical medicine.

Objective To investigate behavioral disposition of nurses in emergency room and analyze influential factors.Methods A total of 200 nurses from the emergency room participated in the survey using demographic questionnaire and the nursing behavior questionnaire.Results The total average score of the nursing behavior was(3.13±0.54),and the influential factors included the level of hospital,the time span for the job and the continued education on the infectious diseases(all P<0.01).Conclusions The nursing behaviors was at the medium level.The nursing administrators should provide the nurses with personal protection apparatus,strengthen education on infectious diseases and use incentive mechanism so as to improve the ER nurses' nursing behavior.

Objective To detect the expression levels of multiple serum chemokines including IFN-inducible T cell chemoattractant (ITAC),Fractalkine,macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α,IL-8,MIP-lα,MIP-1β in patients with lung cancer and explore their association with the clinical characteristics of lung cancer as well as the correlations among these chemokines.Methods Forty newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer and thirty healthy controls were enrolled for detection of the serum levels of 6 kinds of chemokines by Luminex technology.The correlations of clinical characteristics of lung cancer with these chemokines and the correlations among these chemokines were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results The serum levels [M (QR)] of IL-8,Fractalkine and MIP-3α in patients with lung cancer were 5.16 (4.74),128.45 (141.89),10.31 (8.88) respectively,and 2.01 (0.95),61.46 (74.81),8.08 (5.87) respectively in control group,with significant differences (Z =-4.783,P ＜0.001;Z =-4.046,P ＜0.001;Z =-3.105,P =0.002).The expression of MIP-1β in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in squamous carcinoma [18.32 (12.27) vs.13.72 (7.31),Z =-2.212,P =0.027],and of ITAC in squamous carcinoma was significantly higher than that in small cell lung cancer [24.51 (22.48) vs.9.28 (4.85),Z =-2.460,P =0.014].The expressions of MIP-3α and Fractalkine were positively correlated in the two groups (r =0.619,P＜0.001;r=0.766,P＜0.001).Conclusion The expressions of IL-8,Fractalkine and MIP-3α increase significantly in lung cancer patients,and they are may play important roles in metastatic lung cancer.

Objective To explore the magnetic resonance spectroscopy characteristics of prefrontal white matter in bipolar Ⅱ disorder and its relation with executive function.Methods Thirty bipolar Ⅱ disorder patients and twenty healthy controls were evaluated with Multi-Voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)scans on prefrontal white matter to assess the N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA),Choline (Cho),Creatine (Cr) and myoinositol (MI),and then the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,MI/Cr,NAA/Cho and NAA/Cho + Cr were calculated.All subjects were assessed for executive function using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).Results NAA/Cr in right prefrontal white matter(1.43 ± 0.26) and NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho,NAA/Cho + Cr in left prefrontal white matter (separatelyl.40 ± 0.29,1.13 (1.53,0.24),0.62 ± 0.12) were lower than healthy controls (separately 1.58 ±0.18,1.59,0.23,1.30 (0.53 ± 0.29),0.71 ± 0.08) (P ＜ 0.05).The correct trials and the number of categories of WCST in Bipolar Ⅱ disorder (separately 26.97 ± 8.97,3(6,3)) were less than in healthy controls(separately 36.35±4.85,5 (3,2)),and perseverative errors and random errors were more in patients (separately 12.77 ±5.73,7 (21,5)) than healthy controls (separately 7.35 ± 3.01,4 (13,2)).NAA/Cho and NAA/Cho + Cr in left prefrontal white matter were positively correlated with correct trials,number of categories,and negatively related with perseverative errors (P＜0.05).Conclusions Bilateral prefrontal white matter fiber damage occurs to bipolar Ⅱ disorder.And left prefrontal white matter fiber damage in bipolar Ⅱ disorder may lead to executive impairment.

Objective To analyze the changes in the expression of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and 7 on the surface of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following dengue virus type 2 (DEN2) infection.Methods DEN2 NGC strain was infected into BALB/c suckling mice through intracranial injection and injected into C6/36 cells to induce the in vivo and in vitro proliferation of DEN2, respectively.RT-PCR was performed to identify DEN2 RNA.Reed-Muench method was used to determine the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of DEN2.Dendritic cells (DCs) were prepared by stimulating bone marrow cells isolated form C57BL/6 mice with IL-4 and GM-CSF and then identified by flow cytometry.The prepared murine bone marrow-derived DCs were infected with DEN2 and observed with direct immunofluorescence assay.Dynamic changes in the expression of CD11c, CD86 and I-A/I-E molecules on DCs after DEN2 infection were detected by flow cytometry.Levels of DEN2 RNA and the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 at mRNA level were dynamically detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The TCID50 of DEN2 to C6/36 cells was 10-5.8.Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were acquired with a purity of 70% and could be infected with DEN2 in vitro.The percentages of CD86 and I-A/I-E molecules on the surface of DCs infected with 1×105 TCID50 of DEN2 were statistically different from those of the negative control group.Neither of the two groups showed a significant difference in the percentages of membrane molecules over time.However, the percentages of membrane molecules on DCs increased with increasing viral load.Compared with the negative control group, the levels of DEN2 RNA in infection groups were increased with increasing virus load, while the expression of TLR4 and TLR7 on DEN2 infected-DCs at mRNA level was decreased with increasing viral load.Conclusion DEN2 infection promotes the maturation of DCs.Expression of TLR4 and TLR7 on DEN2 infected-DCs at mRNA level decreases with increasing viral load, which suggests that TLR4 and TLR7 are closely related to viral infection and play a certain role in the pathogenesis of DEN infection.

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of saikosaponin a,saikosaponin c,saikosaponin d,rutin,quercetin,isorhmnetin and kaempferol in the aerial and underground parts of “Zhongchai No.2” (Bupleurum chinense DC.from Sichuan Province).METHODS The analysis of “Zhongchai No.2” methanol extract was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Hypersil GOLD column (250 mm × 4.6mm,5.0 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid flowing at 0.8 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 210 nm.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r≥0.999 1),whose average recoveries were 96.30％-102.7％ with the RSDs of 0.95％-3.8％.There were a lot of flavonoids in the aerial parts of samples,while a large number of saponins existed in the underground parts,but almost no flavonoids were found.CONCLUSION The aerial parts (stems and leaves) of “Zhongchai No.2” also have medicinal value,to which we should pay attention.