The demands for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)standardization are rising internationally,but the development for TCM intemational standards is confronted with competence.In this context,the authors analyzed the competing status of intemationalized TCM standardization from 3 aspects:1.It is the key point for competition that obtaining leadership in the international organization and dominant position in developing important intemational standards:2.Integrating technical development and intellectual property with intemational standards has been gradually formed;3.Striving to make breakthrough in the development of TCM international standards on the basis of TCM Chinese national standards.The authors recommend that international standards be initiated from TCM service standards.TCM products quality standards and TCM process standards.

This study was aimed to define the scope of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) informatics standards. The basic construction of three-dimensional profiling framework includes TCM business domain, elements of TCM informationization and specificity level. The clinical informatics standards development was stated as an example to demonstrate the application method of this three-dimensional profiling framework.

Objective To study the mechanism of protective effects of total rhizoma panacis japonica saponins(tRPJS)on the cerebral ischemia injury.Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO)in rats and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models in mice were used to investigate the influence of tRPJS on the nitric oxide synthase(NOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)activity in hippocampus region.Results tRPJS significantly decreased the contents of NOS and iNOS in hippocampus region of MCAO rat and cerebral ischemia reinfusion mouse.Conclusion tRPJS has significantly protective effects by decreasing NOS and iNOS.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatics is a new branch created by integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Information Science.To research the connotation and principle of TCM Informatics will enrich the theory and promote the development of disciplines.This article thoroughly discussed the theoretical foundation and discipline characters of TCM Informatics.Then it discussed the principle and tasks from TCM information formation,acquisition,identification,transformation,feedback control,activation and dissemination of experiential knowledge.

Objective To explore the methods for diagnosis and treatment of malignant meningioma.Methods The clinical data of twenty-nine patients with malignant meningioma were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 29 patients,15 underwent Simpson Ⅰ resection,8 underwent Simpson Ⅱ resection and 6 had Simpson Ⅲ resection.Among these patients,Twenty-five cases were successfully followed up for 20-100 months.There are 11 cases who occurred relapse (44％),of whom 2 received Simpson Ⅰ resection,3 received Simpson Ⅱ resection and all the 6 cases receiving Simpson Ⅲ cases.Conclusion Head CT and MRI examination is helpful to diagnose malignant meningioma.The treatment mainly involved surgical resection combined with radiation and chemotherapy,with high postoperative recurrence rate and short survival time depending on the differentiation of the tumor.

Objective To identify the risk factors for progression of advanced chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients who were cared by nephrologists in a specific CKD outpatient management clinic.Methods A prospective monocentric cohort study was performed.CKD patients of stage 3, 4 and 5 without renal replacement treatment were followed up regularly by nephrologists in this specific CKD management clinic.Patients with established atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS) and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and those who had not been followed-up for at least 12 months before Jun.30, 2010 were excluded.Clinical and laboratory data including blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, hemoglobulin (Hb), calcium phosphate product (Ca×P) and serum creatinine were consecutively collected.The treatment regimen was also recorded.Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) was calculated with the formula modified for Chinese to evaluate the change of renal function.The progression of kidney disease was defined as initiation of renal replacement therapy, the annual decrease of eGFR＞4 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1, and/or death associated with renal disease.Results A total of 138 patients were enrolled in the final analysis with 84 patients of CKD stage 3, 36 of CKD stage 4 and 18 of CKD stage 5, respectively.At the time of enrollment, patients had an average age of (56.5:±:16.7) years old with an average eGFR of (32.3±13.4) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.During a mean follow-up interval of (27.1±12.1) months, the patients were well-controlled with an average blood pressure of (126.5±12.4)/(76.4±7.9) mm Hg in 50.7％(70/138), less than or equal to 130/80 mm Hg, an average Hb of(123.8±17.1) g/L in 73.9％(102/138), above or equal to 110 g/L and an average Ca×P of (45.2±7.7) mg2/dl2 in 89.1％(123/138), less than or equal to 55 mg2/dl2.Sixty-two patients (44.9％) had progression of kidney disease. On univariate analysis, factors predicting progression were low eGFR at referral, high systolic pressure, low Hb level, high Ca×P and proteinuria during follow-up, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors treatment did not affect the progression.After the adjustment, multivariate analysis revealed proteinuria and low Hb level were independent factors for the progression of kidney disease.Conclusions The co-morbidities of advanced CKD patients can be managed efficiently in specific CKD outpatient management clinic.Control of proteinuria and correction of anemia may be beneficial to prevent the progression of advanced CKD.

Objective To investigate the incidence and outcome of hyponatremia in patients with severe dementia.Methods Dementia patients were retrospectively analyzed in 80 cases,including 45 patients with severe dementia complicating 30 cases of hyponatremia,and 35 patients with mild and moderate dementia complicating 5 cases of hyponatremia.The incidence rate of dementia patients complicating hyponatremia and its fatality rate were analyzed by x2 tests.The effect of dementia severity on hyponatremia and fatality rate was studied.Results The incidence rate of hyponatremia was higher in severe dementia patients (30 cases,66.7 ％) than in mild-moderate dementia patients (5 cases,14.3 ％) (x2 =21.95,P ＜ 0.01).The fatality rate of hyponatremia in severe dementia patients was higher(43.3％)than in patients with normal serum sodium(33.3 ％)(x2=0.25,P＞0.05).Conclusions Hyponatremia is more likely to occur in patients with severe dementia.However,hyponatremia does not affect survival time in the severe dementia patients.

Objective To explore the relationship between adenoid vegetation children with different types of tympanograms and secretory otitis media in children and diagnosis of secretory otitis media .Methods A retrospec-tive study was carried out among 328 cases with adenoid vegetation in children ,including simple adenoid vegetation and associated with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy ,from August 2010 to May 2012 .The incidence of secretory otitis media and outcomes of tympanometry for the diagnosis were analyzed .Results 104 cases were diag-nosed with secretory otitis media by tympanic membrane puncture or tympanostomy tube in 328 cases with adenoid vegetation (32 .31% );86 cases (147 ears) were finally diagnosed as secretory otitis media among 89 cases (152 ears) with type B tympanogram (147/152 ,96 .63% );16 cases (20 ears) were finally diagnosed secretory otitis media among 33 cases (49 ears) with type C tympanogram (20/49 ,40 .82% );2 cases (2 ears) with type As tympa-nogram were finally diagnosed .Conclusion With or without complaint of hearing loss ,children with adenoid vegeta-tion should be checked by routine tympanometry .Careful physical examinations and electric otoscope or ear endosco-py combined tympanometry can greatly reduce the rate of misdiagnosis of secretory otitis media .

Objective To explore the association of expression of apoptosis-associated gene BAK and cFLIP with the biological behaviors in endometriosis. Methods The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene in eutopic and ectopic tissue samples from 40 cases with pathologically confirmed ovarian endometriosis and 40 cases with pathologically confirmed normal endometrium was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results ①The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene was found in three groups of different endometrial tissue. ②The expression of BAK protein gene was increased gradually in ectopic endometrial , eutopic endometrium and normal tissue and there was significantly difference between every two groups ,while cFLIP was contrary expressed (P <0.05); ③In normal endometrium, The expression of BAK protein gene in secretory phase was higher than that in proliferative phase (P < 0.05), while cFLIP was contrary expressed, in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrial tissue , The expression of BAK and cFLIP protein gene in secretive phase showed no statistically significant difierence with that in proliferative phase (P > 0.05). ④The expression of BAK protein gene in severe group (Ⅲ-Ⅳ period) is lower than mild group both in eutopic or ectopic endometrial tissues,while cFLIP was contrary expressed (P < 0.05). ⑤The expression of BAK and cFLIP was negatively correlated with each other in ectopic endometrium (r=-0.389,P< 0.05). Conclusion BAK and cFLIP was negatively expressed in EMS, which may take a part in the endometrial apoptosis and disorderly proliferation. BAK and cFLIP may play an important role in the the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

Electrospinning is a new technique used to fabricate nanofibrous scaffold for guidance of tissue repair and regeneration. Electrospun scaffold simulates the structure and biological function of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and may provide an ideal engineered microenvironment for cell growth. In this paper, the principle of electrospinning technique and important processing parameters were briefly introduced. Investigations and developments in recent years regarding to the applications of tissue repair and regeneration were reviewed, several focusing issues of electrospinning were addressed as well. The significance and problems unresolved were discussed.